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问答题What we today call American folk art was, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday I “folks” who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds, and especially for portraits. Citizens of prosperous, essentially middle-clas

题目
问答题
What we today call American folk art was, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday I “folks” who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds, and especially for portraits. Citizens of prosperous, essentially middle-class republics — whether ancient Romans，seventeenth-century Dutch burghers, or nineteenth-century Americans — have always shown a marked taste for portraiture. Starting in the late eighteenth century, the United States contained an increasing number of such people, and of the artists who could meet their demands.
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相似问题和答案

第1题：

Today, many cultures divide music into art music and music of the people.


正确答案：今天，许多文化将音乐分为艺术音乐和大众音乐。

第2题：

Which of the following statements is NOT true?（ ）

[A] Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.

[B] The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.

[C] The art market generally went downward in various ways.

[D] Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.


正确答案：B
下列哪一项表述是不正确的?
[A]从2007年到2008年当代艺术品的销售急剧下滑。
[B]艺术品市场在势头上超过了很多其他行业。
[C]在整体上艺术品市场在很多方面下滑了。
[D]一些艺术品交易者在等待更好时机的到来。
答案解析：[B]事实细节题。文章第二段第一句提到了“momentum”，意为“势头”，即“世界艺术品市场已经有一段时间失去了它的发展势头”。本段最后一句提到“但是这个市场产生的利益远远超出它本身的规模，因为它可以把巨大的财富、膨胀的自我、贪婪、激情和争议以某种方式结合在一起，其他行业很少能与之媲美。”在这里，作者比较的是艺术品市场和其他行业在“把财富、自我、贪婪、激情和争议结合在一起”的方式方面，而不是发展的势头，[B]的论述张冠李戴，是错误的，故为答案。由文章第三段第三句可知[A]是正确的，[C]是全文的主题，有很多数据可以证明，而[D]在全文最后一段的最后一句可以找到明确表述，这三项都是正确的，故均排除。

第3题：

Who is the representative of the school of art for art’s sake at the Victorian Age?

A.Robert Browning

B.Samuel Johnson

C.Thomas Hardy

D.Oscar Wilde


参考答案：D

第4题：

Text 1 The longest bull run in a century of artmarket history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst,Beautiful Inside My Head Forever,at Sotheby's in London on September 15th,2008.All but two pieces sold,fetching more than￡70m,a record for a sale by a single artist.It was a last victory.As the auctioneer called out bids,in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street,Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003.At its peak in 2007 it was worth some$65 billion,reckons Clare McAndrew,founder of Arts Economics,a research firm—double the figure five years earlier.Since then it may have come down to$50 billion.But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth,enormous egos,greed,passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst's sale,spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms.Sales of contemporary art fell by twothirds,and in the most overheated sector,they were down by nearly 90%in the year to November 2008.Within weeks the world's two biggest auction houses,Sotheby's and Christie's,had to pay out nearly$200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989.This time experts reckon that prices are about 40%down on their peak on average,though some have been far more fluctuant.But Edward Dolman,Christie's chief executive,says:“I'm pretty confident we're at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last,he says,is that there are still buyers in the market.Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds—death,debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market.But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away,waiting for confidence to return.
In the first paragraph,Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as“a last victory”because_____

A.the art market had witnessed a succession of victories
B.the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bids
C.Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces
D.it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis

答案：D
解析：
推理题【命题思路】这是一道因果推理题。考生需要找出原因和结果。【直击答案】根据题干关键词“first paragraph”和“last victory”定位到第一段的倒数第二句“it was a last victory”。it指代文章前面所叙述的赫斯特作品大卖，创造了极佳的销售业绩。由第一句话可知，这个持续时间最长的艺术品市场牛市以赫斯特的作品成功拍卖而终止。而出现这一现象的原因在首段尾句进行了总结：“as the auctioneer called out bids,…，Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy”，D项中的world financial crisis是原文中filed for bankruptcy的同义替换。因此，D项为正确选项。

第5题：

Questions 106-110 refer to the following passage.
Downtown Artisan' Club Art Exhibit
Please mark Saturday, October 21, on your calendars so that you can attend the inaugural Downtown Artisan's Club Art Exhibit!
There will be beautiful works of art and pottery, crafted by the Downtown Artisan's Club,available for showing as well as for sale. The remarkably talented young artists have worked all summer to prepare for this event, which promises to impress and astound. Visitors will have an op-portunity to meet these talented artists. All proceeds from this event will be contributed to the continued operations of the Downtown Artisan's Club, which provides amazing classes and support for young artists.
Tickets are on sale now and are available for $10(adults) and $5(students and seniors).
Children under the age of 12 will be admitted for free.
The Downtown Artisan's Club looks forward to seeing you there! Please contact Jim at (905) 412-8980 for more information.
Downtown Artisan's Club Art Exhibit
Deadline for your art submission!
To all our talented young artists -- get ready for our upcoming Art Exhibit!As you all know-- our Downtown Artisan's Club Art Exhibit is coming up exactly one month from today.
Paintings, drawings, sculptures and writing will be needed -- for both the show and the sale!
Don't forget to have them completed and handed in by next Friday to secure your spot in our show.
Remember, there will also be cash awards, judged by our panel of art critics, and the winning pieces will be featured in our Art Book. The artists of the winning pieces will also be invited to at-tend the 2-week summer art camp in Paris next summer.
Have fun and please submit your artwork on time!
For whom is the announcement intended?

A.Artists
B.Residents
C.Jim
D.Judges

答案：B
解析：
这是面向普通市民的宣传，答案为B。

第6题：

In the years after the Civil War most American painters received their training in Europe, the majority studying in the French schools at Paris or Barbizon, and a smaller number in Germany at Munich(慕尼黑) and Dusseldorf(杜塞尔多夫). The teaching of the Barbizon school, which stressed the use of color and the creation of an impression or a mood, influenced many American artists. One group of American painters, led by James McNeill Whistler and John Singer Sargent, expatriated(移居国外) themselves from the American scene and settled in Europe. Whistler, who is often ranked as the greatest genius(天才) in the history of American art, was a versatile(多才多艺的) and industrious(勤奋的) artist who was equally proficient(熟练的) in several media-oil, watercolor, etching(铜版画)-and with several themes-portraits and his so-called "nocturnes(夜景画)", impressionistic sketches(印象画) of moonlight on water and other scenes. He was one of the first to appreciate the beauty of Japanese color prints and to introduce Oriental concepts into Western art.

1. For a period after the Civil War, the majority of American painters ____.

A、was influenced by the Barbizon school

B、painted in the impressionist style

C、studied art in Europe

D、used striking color in their work

2. According to the passage, one group of American painters ____.

A、left America never to return

B、turned their back on the American art tradition

C、copied the style. of Whistler and Sargent

D、were unaffected by the European style. of painting

3. From the passage we are led to believe that Whistler ____.

A、did much of his painting at night

B、produced a large number of pictures

C、combined several media and themes in his paintings

D、was most proficient in impressionistic sketches

4. According to the passage, Whistler was one of the first Western painters to ____.

A、use Japanese ideas in his own work

B、become interested in Japanese printing

C、admire Japanese oil paintings

D、start producing Japanese sketches

5. The main theme of this passage is ____.

A、Whistler's influence on Western art

B、The influence of European art on American painters

C、The influence of Oriental art on Whistler

D、The American painters' influence in Europe


参考答案：1-5：CABAB


第7题：

The most appropriate title for this text could be __.（ ）

[A] Fluctuation of Art Prices

[B] Up-to-date Art Auctions

[C] Art Market in Decline

[D] Shifted Interest in Arts


正确答案：C

第8题：

.

［A］ Thus a joke is laughed at for its own sake, even though there is an independent value in laughter, which lightens our lives by taking us momentarily outside ourselves. Why should not something similar be said of works of art, many of which aspire to be amusing in just the way that good jokes are?

［B］ All discussion of the value of art tends, therefore, to turn from the outset in the direction of criticism: Can there be genuine critical evaluation of art, a genuine distinction between that which deserves our attention and that which does not? (And, once again, the question may be extended to objects of natural beauty.)

［C］ Art is held to be a form. of education, perhaps an education of the emotions. In this case, it becomes an open question whether there might not be some more effective means to the same result. Alternatively, one may attribute a negative value to art, as Plato did in his Republic, arguing that art has a corrupting or diseducative effect on those exposed to it.

［D］ Artistic appreciation, a purely personal matter, calls for appropriate means of expression. Yet, it is before anything a process of “cultivation”, during which a certain part of one’s “inner self” is “dug out” and some knowledeg of the outside world becomes its match.

［E］ If I am amused it is for a reason, and this reason lies in the object of my amusement. We thus begin to think in terms of a distinction between good and bad reasons for laughter. Amusement at the wrong things may seem to us to show corruption of mind, cruelty, or bad taste; and when it does so, we speak of the object as not truly amusing, and feel that we have reason on our side.

［F］ Such thinkers and writers believe that art is not only an end in itself but also a sufficient justification of itself. They also hold that in order to understand art as it should be understood, it is necessary to put aside all interests other than an interest in the work itself.


正确答案：C

本题考核的知识点是：上下文内容的衔接。

本题空格出现在第一段末。第一段前两句提出了两种艺术价值理论：外在理论和内在理论。空格处的上一句，即第三句和空格处后的第一句，即第二段第一句都是对外在理论的讨论。所以，空格处的内容应该与上下文一致，也对外在价值理论予以讨论。选项[C]是关于艺术对于艺术欣赏者的影响，属于外在价值理论的观点，且恰好是对其上一句的阐释。

第9题：

阅读理解
Two related paradoxes also emerge from the same basic conception of the aesthetic experience. The first was given extended consideration by Hegel, who argued roughly as follows: our sensuous attention and that gives to the work of art its peculiar individuality. Because it addresses itself to our sensory appreciation, the work of art is essentially concrete, to be understood by an act of perception rather than by a process of discursive thought.
At the same time, our understanding of the work of art is in part intellectual; we seek in it a conceptual content, which it presents to us in the form of an idea. One purpose of critical interpretation is to expound this idea in discursive form—to give the equivalent of the content of the work of art in another, nonsensuous idiom. But criticism can never succeed in this task, for, by separating the content from the particular form, it abolishes its individuality. The content presented then ceases to be the exact content of that work of art. In losing its individuality, the content loses its aesthetic reality; it thus ceases to be a reason for attending to the particular work and that first attracted our critical attention. It cannot be this that we saw in the original work and that explained its power over us.
For this content, displayed in the discursive idiom of the critical intellect, is no more than a husk, a discarded relic of a meaning that eluded us in the act of seizing it. If the content is to be the true object of aesthetic interest, it must remain wedded to its individuality: it cannot be detached from its "sensuous embodiment" without being detached from itself. Content is, therefore, inseparable from form and form in turn inseparable from content. (It is the form that it is only by virtue of the content that it embodies.)
Hegel's argument is the archetype of many, all aimed at showing that it is both necessary to distinguish form from content and also impossible to do so. This paradox may be resolved by rejecting either of its premises, but, as with Kant's antinomy, neither premise seems dispensable. To suppose that content and form are inseparable is, in effect, to dismiss both ideas as illusory, since no two works of art can then share either a content or a form-the form being definitive of each work's individuality.
In this case, no one could ever justify his interest in a work of art by reference to its meaning. The intensity of aesthetic interest becomes a puzzling, and ultimately inexplicable, feature of our mental life. If, on the other hand, we insist that content and form are separable, we shall never be able to find, through a study of content, the reason for attending to the particular work of art that intrigues us. Every work of art stands proxy for its paraphrase. An impassable gap then opens between aesthetic experience and its ground, and the claim that aesthetic experience is intrinsically valuable is thrown in doubt.
1. Hegel argued that .

A. it is our sensuous appreciation that gives peculiar individuality to the work of art
B. it is the content of the work of art that holds our attention
C. the work of art cannot be understood without a process of logical thinking
D. the form of the work of art is what our sensuous appreciation concentrates on

答案：D
解析：
本题的答案线索可以在第一段的最后一句话中找到。A项应该是sensuous attention. B项没有提到，C项正是黑格尔所反对的。

第10题：

Text 1 The longest bull run in a century of artmarket history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst,Beautiful Inside My Head Forever,at Sotheby's in London on September 15th,2008.All but two pieces sold,fetching more than￡70m,a record for a sale by a single artist.It was a last victory.As the auctioneer called out bids,in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street,Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003.At its peak in 2007 it was worth some$65 billion,reckons Clare McAndrew,founder of Arts Economics,a research firm—double the figure five years earlier.Since then it may have come down to$50 billion.But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth,enormous egos,greed,passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst's sale,spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms.Sales of contemporary art fell by twothirds,and in the most overheated sector,they were down by nearly 90%in the year to November 2008.Within weeks the world's two biggest auction houses,Sotheby's and Christie's,had to pay out nearly$200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989.This time experts reckon that prices are about 40%down on their peak on average,though some have been far more fluctuant.But Edward Dolman,Christie's chief executive,says:“I'm pretty confident we're at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last,he says,is that there are still buyers in the market.Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds—death,debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market.But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away,waiting for confidence to return.
Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A.Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008
B.The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum
C.The market generally went downward in various ways
D.Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come

答案：B
解析：
细节题【命题思路】这是一道反向提问的开放性细节题。第一需要选错误的，第二需要全文寻找答案。比较快捷的办法是，在阅读文章时做关键词的记号，以便解题时定位。【直击答案】根据B项的内容定位到第二段第一句话“The world art market had…since 2003.”意为：世界艺术品市场自2003年经历了急速攀升后的一段时间以来逐步失去了发展动力，即作者表明，艺术品市场越来越不景气。显然，B项与原文表达意思相反，因此为正确答案。【干扰排除】根据A项提供的具体年代定位到第三段第三句话“Sales of contemporary art fell…November 2008.”意为：当代艺术品的销售量下降了三分之二，最热门的艺术品销售在2008年11月份降幅高达近百分之九十，与A项相一致。C项与第三段表述的内容相一致。该段先提及收藏者们远离了画廊和销售店，其次描述了销售数据的下降，最后又提及两大拍卖行的举措，与C项中的“in various ways”相符，此内容表明“the current downturn”，同义替换选项中的“the art market generally went down”。D项与文章最后一句话“But anyone who…confidence to return.”所表述的内容相一致，some art dealer等同于“anyone who does not have to sell”，“waiting for confidence to return”等同于“were awaiting better chances to come”，这都属于同义替换。

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