问答题In this section, there is one passage followed by a summary. Read the passage carefully and complete the summary below by choosing a maximum of three words from the passage to fill in the spaces 76 - 80. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Shee

We learn from the passage that the author ______.

Directions:In this section, there is one passage followed by a summary. Read the passage carefully and complete the summary below by choosing no more than three words from the passage. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.　　Questions 1 - 5 are based on the following passage.The United Kingdom　　Britain (or Great Britain) is an island that lies off the north-west coast of Europe. The nearest country is France, which is 20 miles away and from which Britain is separated by the English Channel. The island is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the North Sea to the east. It comprises the mainlands of England, Wales and Scotland, that is, three countries. Scotland is in the north, while Wales is in the west. Ireland, which is also an island, lies off the west coast of Britain. It consists of Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic. Britain together with Northern Ireland constitute the United Kingdom (UK). Thus, the United Kingdom is composed of four countries, the largest of which is England. The capital city is London, which is situated in south-east England.　　The UK has a total area of about 244,100 square kilometres (94,248 square miles). About 70% of the land area is devoted to agriculture, about 7% is wasteland, moorland and mountains, about 13% is devoted to urban development, and 10% is forest and woodland. The northern and western regions of Britain, that is Scotland and Wales, are mainly mountainous and hilly. Parts of the north-west and centre of England also consist of mountains and hills.　　Britain has a generally mild and temperate climate. It is, however, subject to frequent changes. It has an average annual rainfall of about 120 centimetres (47 inches).　　In 1998 the population of the United Kingdom was nearly 59 million. The density of population was approximately 240 people per square kilometre. However, in England, where 83% of the population live, the density was much higher, about 363 per square kilometre.　　In the UK, English is the first language of the vast majority of people. However, in western Wales, Welsh is the first language for many of the people. In Scotland only a small number of people speak Gaelic.　　In Britain about 66% of the population say that they are Christian, while fewer than 5% say that they belong to other religions.　　Summary:　　Britain is an island that 　1　the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. It comprises the mainlands of England, Wales and Scotland. Ireland 　2　the west coast of Britain. I 　3　Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic. The United Kingdom consists of Britain together with Northern Ireland. The capital city is London which 　4　outh-east England.In 1998 the population of the UK was nearly 59 million. The density of population was 240 people per square kilometre. In the UK English is the first language of most people. In western Wales, Welsh 　5　many of the people, but few people in Scotland speak Gaelic.

Practice 3　 Listen to the following passage. Write in English a short summary of around l50-200 words of what you have heard. You will hear the passage only once and then you will have 25 minutes to finish your summary. This part of the test carries 20 points. You may need to scribble a few notes to write your summary. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Directions:In this section, there is one passage followed by a summary. Read the passage carefully and complete the summary below by choosing a maximum of three words from the passage to fill in the spaces 76 - 80. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.　　Questions 1- 5 are based on the following passage.　　Lack of culture, or rather an excess of the wrong sort of culture, is often considered to be synonymous with disadvantage. Most commonly associated with low cultural standards are low levels of reading, and some thirteen per cent of all twenty-three-year-olds feel they have trouble with reading and writing. One way of compensating such disadvantaged young people is thought to be to provide them with the culture they lack: in particular, high quality reading material.　　Whereas forty to fifty per cent of young people aged sixteen to twenty rarely read a book, the majority appear to read comics. In 1991 sales of Viz, a UK comic exceeded one million copies per issue, making it the fourth best-selling periodical in Britain. The reading of comics, however, is not restricted to young people: by 1992 it was estimated that two out of three men aged eighteen to fifty-three read Viz. The number of imitators of this comic has spawned, including Zit, Gas, BrainDamageand Swiz,indicates the extent of the influence it wields.　　The reading of comics was traditionally regarded by the educational establishment with considerable suspicion. Whereas the received arts were always assumed to exert an improving or civilizing influence, comics were thought to “rot children’s brains”, to lower educational standards and to threaten morality. They were, and are, assumed to be an inferior cultural form; their readers assumed to come from the lower social classes, to be low educational attainers and to be easily led astray.　　Over the past decade, perceptions of comics have shifted. Since the 1970s, the comic format has been commonly used to represent the interests of various disenfranchises groups—community groups, the unemployed, welfare recipients of—who became more conscious of a climate conditioned by other contemporary movements such as civil rights, consumerism, self-help and de-institutionalization. As cultural signifiers, comics have become the subject matter of academic courses in cultural and media studies. Indeed, young people’s cultural activities, grounded in the commercial rather than the subsidized sector, are beginning to merit the attention of the arts establishment.　　Summary:　　Low cultural standards，such as 　1　of reading，a difficulty experienced by many young adults, are often associated with disadvantage. While around half of sixteen to twenty-year-olds rarely read books，most will read comics. Although many comics in Britain are 　2　and have lots of readers，the educational establishment sill considers them to be an 　3　appealing only to the lower levels of society. However, attitudes are beginning to change as the format has been adopted to 　4　of disenfranchised groups. Certain comics have been included in the courses of 　5　studies. Young people’s cultural activities are beginning to attract the attention of the arts establishment.

This section consists of one passage followed by a summary. Read the passage carefully and complete the summary below by choosing no more than three words from the passage for each blank. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.　　Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Management in Cyberspace　　Virtual reality is often used to mimic hazardous environments—cockpits of combat aircraft, burning oil rigs, the treasure-strewn caves of irritable dragons and so on. Until now, though, it has rarely been deployed to simulate that most hazardous environment of all—the office. But if Sandra Testani of the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia has her way, it will soon be possible to hone the black arts of office politics and corporate survival on a computer before you employ them against your colleagues in the real world. Or, from the boss's point of view, you will be able to practise your skills at “co-operating” in virtual “team-building” exercises.　　Dr. Testani's virtual world is called CIMBLE. The acronym stands for CADETT which in turn stands for Consortium for Advanced Education and Training Technologies Interactive Multi-user Business Learning Environment. The idea behind CIMBLE is to let people who are unable or unwilling to meet face to face practise collaborating with each other over a computer network.　　To do this, CIMBLE's software creates a virtual world for up to six participants. Each acts via an electronic representative known as an avatar. A participant sees the world (including the other players' avatars, which appear on screen as cartoon-like images of men and women) from his own avatar's point of view. Any other characters that the avatars might interact with are played by a moderator, who also acts as Big Brother, overseeing and monitoring the activities of the group and steering things in a suitable direction.　　The CIMBLE software allows the avatars to walk around and manipulate objects in the virtual world (opening doors, for example) at the click of a mouse. It also lets avatars (and hence the participants) talk to one another. Most conversations are assumed to be in the open, and can be heard by everybody. But true office Machiavellis will be pleased to learn that private chats are also possible, since the software can work out who is within earshot of whom, and will transmit sound only to those who should be able to hear it.　　So far, Dr. Testani and her colleagues have devised two exercises in their new electronic world. One simply brings the participants together around a virtual conference table and lets them chew over an agenda provided by the moderator. The second, however, is more sophisticated. The participants are deemed to be working for a civil-engineering firm, and are sent off to the proposed site of a new bridge to settle a dispute with local residents and officials. After a long car ride and a night in a hotel (all depicted in loving detail by CIMBLE's software), they meet the irate local and try to mollify them. A successful outcome, allowing the bridge to go ahead, is greeted by an on-screen display of virtual fireworks.　　Summary:　　Dr. Testani of Franklin Institute designed a software called CIMBLE which 　1　CADETT Interactive Multi-user Business Learning Environment. This virtual world is used to mimic the office and has made it possible for 　2　people to practise collaborating with others over a computer network. 　3　is represented by an avatar, and their activities are monitored by a moderator. With this software, participants can talk to each other—as well as have 　4　in the virtual world because the software will transmit sound only to people who should be able to hear it. Two exercises have been devised up till now. One allows the participants to think over an agenda, while the other requires them to 　5　over the construction of a new bridge.