单选题One reason for quick population increase in underdeveloped countries is that ______.A those countries encourage people to have large familiesB people can get government support if they have more kidsC improved public health standards have reduced death

题目

单选题

One reason for quick population increase in underdeveloped countries is that ______.

those countries encourage people to have large families

people can get government support if they have more kids

improved public health standards have reduced death rate greatly

those countries have enough resources to support a large population

参考答案和解析

正确答案： B

解析：
答案从文章第一段的前两句话找得。在第一段第二句话末尾提到了“thanks to improved standards of public health. ”可知，公共健康标准的提高是“不发达国家人口增长快”的原因，所以选C。

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相似问题和答案

第1题：

Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

An understanding of man's effect on the balance of nature is crucial (关键的) to being able to find the appropriate remedial action. It is a very common belief that the problems of the population explosion are caused mainly by poor people living in poor countries who do not know enough to limit their reproduction. This is not true. The actual number of people in an area is not as important as the effect they have on nature. Developing countries do have an effect on their environment, but it is the populations of richer countries that have a far greater impact on the earth as a whole.

For example, tropical forests are known to be essential to the balance of nature, yet we are destroying them at a great rate. They are being cleared not to benefit the natives of that country, but to satisfy the needs of rich countries. Central American forests are being destroyed for grassland to make pet food in the United States cheaper; in Papua slew Guinea, forests are destroyed to supply cheaper cardboard packaging for Japanese electronic products; in Burma and Thailand, forests have been destroyed to produce more attractive furniture in Singapore and Hong Kong. Therefore, a rich person living thousands of miles away may cause more tropical forest destruction than a poor person living in the forest itself.

In short, it is everybody's duty to safeguard the future of mankind—not only through population control, but by being more aware of the effect his actions have on nature. Nature is both fragile and powerful. It is very easily destroyed; on the other hand, it can easily destroy its most dangerous enemy—man.

31.According to the first paragraph, people usually believe that .

A.poor people in poor countries contribute to the imbalance of nature

B. rich people know how to protect the environment by taking actions

C. people in poor areas know a lot about the birth control

D. rich people in rich countries have done a lot to balance nature

正确答案：A

第2题：

共用题干
第一篇

Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population.Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago.Because more people live longer,there are more people around at any given time.In fact,it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birth rates,that has led to the population explosion.
Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load.In all societies,people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them.In hunting and gathering cultures,old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die.In times of famine,infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have another child.In most contemporary societies,people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work;we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age.Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement,somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people;unless they have wealth or private or government insurance,they must often"go on welfare"if they have a serious illness.
When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves,they create grave problems for their families.In the past and in some traditional cultures,they would be cared for at home until they died.Today,with most members of a household working or in school,there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person.To meet this need,a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups.While a few of these institutions are good,most of them are simply "dumping grounds"for the dying in which" care" is given by poorly paid,overworked,and underskilled personnel.

The writer believes that the population explosion results from__________.
A:an increase in birth rates
B:the industrial development
C:a decrease in death rates
D:cultural advances

答案：C

解析：

第一段最后一句说：" In fact , it is a decrease in death rates , not an increase in birth rates , that has led to the population explosion.（实际上，导致人口爆炸的是死亡率的降低而不是出生率的增长。）”因此，选项C是正确答案。
第二段第四句：" In times of famine , infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have another child.（在饥荒年代，人们可以忍受婴儿死亡，因为如果他们的父母饿死了，他们也无法生存，而如果父母生存下来，他们可以重新生儿育女。）”因此，选项B是正确答案。
从第二段倒数第二句“In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty.”可以看出，在美国许多退休人员的生活是很艰难的。因此，选项A是正确答案。
第三段第三句：" Today , with most members of a household working or in school , there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person.（现在，由于大多数的家庭成员都在工作或上学，所以常常没有人在家照顾生病或身体虚弱的人。）”因此，选项D 是正确答案。
文章最后一句："...most of them are simply 'dumping grounds' for the dying in which 'care' is given by poorly paid , overworked , and under-skilled personnel.（大多数机构只不过是垂死的人的“垃圾场”，所谓的“照顾”都是由收入低、工作量大、技术水平低下的人员提供的。）”作者如此措辞显然是对大多数机构的强烈批评。因此，选项D是正确答案。

第3题：

The principal factor depressing life expectancy in developing countries has always been the high death rate for infants and children. The World Bank studies suggest that as much as two thirds of the difference in life-spans between people in developed countries and those in developing ones can be traced to differences in survival rates for children under five. It is here where the most improvement has come. According to UN estimates, significant regional drops in infant mortality - ranging from 25 percent to 60 percent and centering near 40 percent - appear to have taken place between the late 1950s and the late 1970s in northern Africa, Latin America, and Asia. Although sub-Saharan Africa' s mortality trends cannot be quantified with confidence, there is reason to believe that life expectancy has risen and infant mortality has declined in that region as well. There is little doubt that population growth has accelerated in sub-Saharan Africa since the 1950s; in fact, sub-Saharan Africa is widely thought to have the highest rate of population growth of any major region in the world. Only a small portion of that acceleration is likely to have been caused by increases in fertility (and increases in fertility, insofar as they have occurred, may also imply improvements in health and nutrition).

Mortality, of course, is not a perfect measure of nutritional change. Improved nutrition is only one of a number of forces that have been pushing down death rates in developing countries. Others include the upgrading of hygiene and sanitation; the extension of public health services; medical innovations; improvements in education, communications, transportation, and, in some areas, civil order. Even so, the extent to which improvements innutrition—both direct and indirect—have reduced mortality in developing countries has frequently been underestimated. For example, Sri Lanka experienced an abrupt jump in life expectancy shortly after the Second World War. Whereas this was long described as a "technical fix"—a triumph of DDT over the anopheles mosquito—years later researchers realized that abrupt and rapid drops in mortality had also taken place in Sri Lanka' s highlands, or "dry zones", where malaria had never been a serious problem. In both highlands and lowland regions health improved in tandem with access to food.

According to the author, life expectancy in developing countries is not high mainly because developing countries______.

A．have a low standard of living

B．have no public health services

C．have no public and private hygiene and sanitation

D．have low survival rates for infants and children

正确答案：D
解析：从第一段第二句可以看出答案。

第4题：

共用题干
第一篇

Gross National Happiness

In the last century,new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries.However,one
country resisted these changes.High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia,the kingdom of Bhutan remained
separate. Its people and Buddhist（佛教）culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan,
however,was a poor country.People died at a young age.Most of its people could not read,and they did not
know much about the outside world.Then,in 1972,a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck
decided to help Bhutan to become modern,but without losing its traditions.
King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas.He saw that most countries measured their progress
by their Gross National Product(GNP).The GNP measures products and money. When the number of
products sold increases,people say the country is making progress.King Wangchuck had a different idea for
Bhutan.He wanted to measure his country's progress by people's happiness.If the people's happiness
increased,the king could say that Bhutan was making progress.To decide if people were happier,he created
a measure called Gross National Happiness(GNH).
GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness.People are happier if they have health care,
education,and jobs.They are happier when they live in a healthy,protected environment. They are happier
when they can keep their traditional culture and customs.Finally,people are happier when they have a
good,stable government.
Now there is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan.People are healthier and are living longer.
More people are educated and employed.Twenty-five percent of the land has become national parks,and the
country has almost no pollution.The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their
ancient Buddhist customs.Bhutan has also become a democracy.In 2008,King Wangchuck gave his power
to his son.Although the country still had a king,it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had
political parties and political candidates for the first time.Finally,Bhutan has connected to the rest of the
world through television and internet.
Bhutan is a symbol for social progress.Many countries are now interested in Bhutan's GNH.These
countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness.They want to create new policies that take
care of their people,cultures,and land.
Brazil may be the next country to use the principles of GNH.Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH
as a source of inspiration.Brazil is a large country with a diverse population.If happiness works as a measure
of progress in Brazil,perhaps the rest of the world will follow.

According to GNH,people are happier if they_________.
A:have new technology
B:can change their religion
C:have a good,stable government
D:have more money

答案：C

解析：

由文章第一段倒数第一句“a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided …" 可知，Jigme Singye Wangchuck是一位国王，故选D。
由文章第一段倒数第一句“King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to be- come modem , but without losing its traditions”可知，国王Jigme Singye Wangchuck决定要使自己的国家除实现现代化外还要保留自己的传统习俗，故选D。
由文章第二段第四句“When the number of products sold increases , people say the country is making progress.”可知，对于用GNP(国民生产总值）衡量进步的国家而言，当生产的产品销售量增加时，这个国家才算是有所进步，故选A。
由文章的第三段内容可知，GNH是以能否使人们产生幸福感来衡量的。A、B、D三项的内容都不包含在这些标准之中，故选C。
由文章倒数第二段的内容可知，许多国家都对不丹王国的国民幸福总值（GNH）很感兴趣，并在研究各自衡量幸福的标准。这些国家并未采用GNH，也没有通力合作，形成国民幸福指数的指标；同时也没效仿不丹和巴西的实例，故选D。

第5题：

共用题干
Prolonging Human Life

1.Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population.Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago.Because more people live longer,there are more people around at any given time.In fact,it is a decrease in death rates,not an increase in birthrates,that has led to the population explosion.
2.Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load.In all societies,people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures,old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die.In times of famine,infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have another child.
3.In most contemporary societies,people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work.We also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age.Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement,somebody else must support them.In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people.Unless they have wealth or private or government insurance,they must often"go on welfare"if they have a serious illness.
4.When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves,they create grave problems for their families.In the past and in some traditional cultures,they would be cared for at home until they died.Today,with most members of a household working or in school,there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person.To meet this need,a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups.While a few of these institutions are good,most of them are simply"dumping grounds"for the dying in which"care"is given by poorly paid,overworked,and under-skilled personnel.

Many people would have died of_______if they had been born 100 years ago.
A:too weak and ill
B:hunting and gathering cultures
C:childhood diseases
D:no one at home
E:epidemic diseases
F: traditional cultures

答案：C

解析：

文章第一段提出了延长寿命会造成地球人口数量增加的观点，并解释了导致这一现象的原因。因此答案应当选择选项B。
文章第二段主要讲的是延长人寿命的同时也使要照顾的人数增加了。因此选择D项。
文章第三段主要解释为什么说老年人会是社会沉重的负担。因此选择A项。
第四段主要讲的是当今社会老年人生活的状况，及他们生病或身体变弱后会受到的照顾。因此选择F项。
文章第一段提到如果出生在100年前，很多人会早早死于儿童疾病。因此选项C是正确的。
文章第二段讲到在过去的狩猎和采集文化时代，部落里跟不上队伍的老年人会被撤下任其死去。因此选项B是正确的。
第四段第一句讲到，在如今的社会老人生病或变得虚弱会给家庭带来很大的负担。因此选项A是正确的。
文章最后一段描述现代社会的人们工作和生活的压力很大，大部分情况下没有人能留在家里照顾老人，因此选项D是正确的。

第6题：

For several years，Americans have enjoyed teleshopping-watching TV and buying things by phone． Now，teleshopping is starting in Europe．ln a number of European countries，people can turn on their TVs and shop for clothes，jewelry，food，toys and many others things．

Teleshopping is becoming popular in Sweden． For example，the biggest Swedish company sells different kinds of things on TV in 15 European countries，and in one year it made $ 100 million．In France，there are two teleshopping channels，and the French spend $ 20 million a year to buy things through those channels．

In Germany，until last year teleshopping was only possible on one channel for one hour ev-ery day． Then the government allowed more teleshopping． Other channels can open for telebusi-ness，including teleshopping companies． German businesses are hoping this new teleshopping will help them sell more things．

Some people like teleshopping because it allows them to do their shopping without leaving their homes． With all the problems of traffic in the cities，this is an important reason．But at the same time，other Europeans do not like this new way of shopping． They call teleshopping "just on the air． "Many Europeans usually worry about the quality of the things for sale on TV． Good quality is important to them，and they believe they can't be sure about the quality of the things on TV．

The need for high quality means that European teleshopping companies will be different from the American companies． They will have to be more careful about the quality of the things they sell． They will also have to work harder to sell things that the buyers can-t touch or see in person．

( )26．In which country people can go teleshopping?

A． America and all the European countries．

B． Australia and some European countries．

C． The USA and many European countries．

D． America and many developed countries．

正确答案：C
26.C【解析】文中一开始就谈到了美国人的几种购物方法·接着谈到了“a number of European countries"， “a number of"就相当于“many”，所以选C。

第7题：

共用题干
Prolonging Human Life
Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive
today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago.Because
more people live longer,there are more people around at any given time. In fact,it is a decrease in death rates,not an increase in birthrates,that has led to the population explosion.
Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies,people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures,old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine,infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies,people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work;we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement,some-body else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people;unless they have wealth or private or government insur-ance,they must often“go on welfare” if they have a serious illness.
When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves,they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures,they would be cared for at home until they died. Today,with most members of a household working or in school,there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need,a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built.These are of-ten profit-making organizations,although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups.While a few of these institutions are good,most of them are simply“dumping grounds”for the dying in which“care”is given by poorly paid,overworked,and under-skilled personnel.

The writer believes that the population explosion results from______.
A: an increase in birthrates
B: the industrial development
C: a decrease in death rates
D: cultural advances

答案：C

解析：

题干意为“作者认为造成人口爆炸的原因是什么？”利用题干中的细节信息短语population explosion作为定位线索，在第一段中找到相关句：In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion．该句意为 “事实上，是由于死亡率的下降，而不是出生率的上升，导致了人口爆炸”。因此，C项“死亡率的下降”是正确答案。
题干意为“从短文中可以推断出狩猎和以采集为生的时代……”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语hunting和gathering cultures作为定位线索，在第二段中找到相关句： In hunting and gathering cultures,old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine,infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another child．相关句意为 “在以狩猎和采集为生的时代，不能跟上其他人的老人会被甩在后面，任他死去。在饥荒时，人们会放任婴儿死亡，因为如果他们的父母饿死了，他们也无法生存，而如果父母生存下来可重新生儿育女”。因此，B项“遇到饥荒时，人们会放任婴儿死亡”是正确的答案。
题干意为“依据短文内容来看，关于美国退休人员的陈述下面哪个选项正确？”利用题干中的细节信息短语retired people和the United States作为定位线索，在第二段中找到相关句：In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty．该句提到“在美国，许多退休人员依靠社会保障金生活，其数额非常微薄，使得他们几乎挣扎于贫困的边缘”，由此可知在美国许多退休人员的生活是很艰难的。这正是选项A表达的意思，因而A项“许多人生活艰难”是正确的答案。
题干意为“在第三段中，‘this need’…”。该题属于词汇题中的语篇衔接词题。首先找到“this need”所在的句子：To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. “this need”应该回指上文中具体提到的需要，因此关注上文，首先关注该句的前一句：Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person．该句意为“当今，由于家庭中大多数人都出去工作或上学，家里常常没有人来照顾有病或身体虚弱的人”。由此可知上文中提到的需要是“照顾有病的和身体虚弱的人”，因此答案为D项“需要照顾有病的和身体虚弱的人”。
题干意为“下面哪个选项能最恰当地描述作者对养老院和康复医院的态度？”该题属于主旨题，通常短文主题会在短文开头及/或短文结尾处有明确体现，因此首先关注短文结尾处的句子：...most of them are simply “dumping grounds” for the dying in which“care” is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under-skilled personnel．该句提到“大多数机构只不过是丢弃垂死的人的‘垃饭场’，所谓的‘照顾’都是由收入低、超量工作、技术水平低下的人员提供的”。从作者的用词中可以看出作者在对包括养老院和康复医院的大多数机构持批评的态度，因此答案为D项“批评性的”。

第8题：

The reason that foreign exchange markets exist is because people have a strong desire to get foreign currencies to travel round the world, to buy goods produced in other countries.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Doesn't say

正确答案：C
解析：第二句末尾部分the desire to exchange it into something closer to home in terms of acceptability , 并没有提及题中的to travel round the world, to buy goods produced in other countries.

第9题：

共用题干
第二篇

In many of the developinlg countries in Africa and Asia,the population is growing fast.The reason for this is simple:Women in these countries have a high birth rate一from 3.0 to 7.0 children per woman.The majority of these women are poor,without the food or resources to care for their families.Why do they have so many children?Why don't they limit the size of the family?The answer may be that they often have no choice.There are several reasons for this.
One reason is economic.In a traditional agricultural economy,large families are helpful.Having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age.In an industrial economy,the situation is different. Many children do not help a family;instead,they are an expense.Thus,industrialization has generally brought down the birth rate.This was the case in Italy,which was industrialized quite recently and rapidly.In the early part of the twentieth century,Italy was a poor,largely agricultural country with a high birth rate.After World War Ⅱ,Italy's economy was rapidly modernized and industrialized.By the end of the century,the birth rate had dropped to 1.3 children per woman,the world's lowest.
However,the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate.Saudi Arabia, for example,does not have an agriculture-based economy,and it has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world.Nevertheless,it also has a very high birth rate(7.0).Mexico and Indonesia, on the other hand,are poor countries,with largely agricultural economies,but they have recently reduced their population growth.
Clearly,other factors are involved.The most important of these is the condition of women.A high birth rate almost always goes together with lack of education and low status for women.This would explain the high birth rate of Saudi Arabia.There,the traditional culture gives women little education or independence and few possibilities outside the home.On the other hand,the improved condition of womnen in Mexico,Thailand,and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries.Their governments have taken measures to provide more education and opportunities for women.
Another key factor in the birth rate is birth control.Women may want to limit their families but have no way to do so. In countries where governments have made birth control easily available and inexpensive ,birth rates have gone down.This is the case in Singapore,Sri Lanka,and India,as well as in Indonesia,Thailand,Mexico,and Brazil.In these countries,women have also been provided with health care and help in planning their families.
These trends show that an effective programn to reduce population growth does not have to depend on better economic conditions. It can be effective if it aims to help women and meet theii needs.Only then,in fact,does it have any real chance of success.

In a traditional agricultural economy,a large family_________.
A:can be an advantage
B:may limit income
C:isn't necessary
D:is expensive

答案：A

解析：

根据文章第二段我们知道“在传统的农业经济中，家庭成员多是十分有利的。孩子多就意味着田里的劳动力多，而且有人给父母养老”。因此选项A是正确的。
文章第二段以意大利为例证明了国家工业化以后，人口出生率就会降低的观点。因此只有选项B是正确的。
文章第二段的叙述说明如今的意大利是一个工业化、低出生率的国家。因此选项C是正确的。
文章第三段第一句话告诉我们经济并不是唯一影响出生率的重要因素，这暗示了接下来会讲一些其他影响出生率的因素。文章以沙特阿拉伯为例就是为了证明这一点。因此选项B是正确的。
文章第四段后半部分讲到这些国家的政府采取措施为妇女提供更多的教育和机会来改善妇女的生活状况。因此选项D是正确的。

第10题：

When countries become industrialized,________.
A:families often become larger
B:the birth rate generally goes down
C:women usually decide not to have a family
D:the population generally grows rapidly

答案：B

解析：

单选题One reason for quick population increase in underdeveloped countries is that ______.A those countries encourage people to have large familiesB people can get government support if they have more kidsC improved public health standards have reduced death

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