Teams are required for most engineering projects. Although some small hardware or software products can be developed by individuals, the scale and complexity of modem systems is such, and the demand

Software design is a(71)process .It requires a certain(72)of flair on the part of the designer. Design can not be learned from a book .It must be practiced and learnt by experience and study of existing systems .A well(73)software system is straightforward to implement and maintain ,easily(74)and reliable .Badly(73)software systems ,although they may work are(75)to be expensive to maintain ,difficult to test and unreliable.

A．create

B．created

C．creating

D．creative

The objective of （ ）is to determine what parts of the application software will be assigned to what hardware.The major software components of the system being developed have to be identified and then allocated to the various hardware components on which the system will operate. All software systems can be divided into four basic functions. The first is（ ）. Most information systems require data to be stored and retrieved,whether a small file,such as a memo produced by a word processor,or a large database,such as one that stores an organization’s accounting records. The second function is the （ ）,the processing required to access data,which often means database queries in Structured Query Language. The third function is the （ ）,which is the logic documented in the DFDs,use cases,and functional requirements.The fourth function is the presentation logic,the display of information to the user and the acceptance of the user’s commands.The three primary hardware components of a system are （ ）.

A.architecture design B.modular design C.physical design D.distribution design A.data access components B.database management system C.data storage D.data entities A.data persistence B.data access objects C.database connection D.dataaccess logic A.system requirements B.system architecture C.application logic D.application program A.computers,cables and network B.clients,servers,and network C.CPUs,memories and I/O devices D.CPUs,hard disks and I/O devices

●In which phase of the software engineering process is the Software Requirements Specification developed? (68) ．

(68) A．development phase

B．engineering phase

C．maintenance phase

D．Definition phase

Teams are required for most engineering projects. Although some small hardware or

software products can be developed by individuals. the scale and complexity of modern

systems is such. and the demand for short schedules so great that it is no longer（71 ）for

one person to do most engineering jobs. Systems development is a team (72),and the

effectiveness of the team largely determines the (73) of the engineering

Development teams often behave much like baseball or basketball teams. Even though

they may have multiple specialties. all the members work toward (74) However. onsystems maintenance and enhancement teams. the engineers often work relatively independently. much like wrestling and track teams

A team is（75） just a group of people who happen to work together. Teamwork

takes practice and it involves special skilis. Teams require common processes; they need

agreed-upon goals; and they need effective guidance and leadership. The methods for guiding

and leading such teams are well known but they are not obvious

A.convenient

B.existing

C.practical

D.real

Computer systems consist of two very different types of elements: Hardware, which includes all the physical things that can be touched and(71)which tells the hardware how to do.

A．Operating system

B．I/O devices

C．Courseware

D．Software

Software entities are more complex for their size than perhaps any other human construct, because no two parts are alike (at least above the statement level). If they are, we make the two similar parts into one, a （ ）, open or closed.In this respect software systems differ profoundly from computers, buildings, or automobiles, where repeated elements abound. Digital computers are themselves more complex than most things people build; they have very large numbers of states.This makes conceiving, describing, and testing them hard.Software systems have orders of magnitude more（ ）than computers do. Likewise, a scaling-up of a software entity is not merely a repetition of the same elements in larger size; it is necessarily an increase in the number of different elements.In most cases, the elements interact with each other in some（ ）fashion, and the complexity of the whole increases much more than linearly. The complexity of software is a(an) （ ）property, not an accidental one.Hence descriptions of a software entity that abstract away its complexity often abstract away its essence.Mathematics and the physical sciences made great strides for three centuries by constructing simplified models of complex phenomena, deriving, properties from the models,and verifying those properties experimentally.This worked because the complexities（ ）in the models were not the essential properties of the phenomena.It does not work when the complexities are the essence. Many of the classical problems of developing software products derive from this essential complexity and its nonlinear increases with size.Not only technical problems but management problems as well come from the complexity.

A.task B.job C.subroutine D.programA.states B.parts C.conditions D.expressionsA.linear B.nonlinear C.parallel D.additiveA.surface B.outside C.exterior D.essentialA.fixed B.included C.ignored D.stabilized

In which phase of the software engineering process is the Software Requirements Specification developed?

A． definition phase

B．engineering

C．maintenance

D．development phase

Software engineers apply the principles of software engineering to the design, development, ( ),testing, and evaluation of the software and systems that make computers or anything containing software work.

A.Requirement

B.construction

C.service

D.maintenance