问题：单选题Steven Muller believes that higher education fails to ______.A inform the students of what is right or wrong.B tell the students which scientific method is valuable.C present valuable religious ideas to students.D familiarize students with means of inquiry.
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问题：问答题Passage 1 Some people were just born to rebel; Charles Darwin was 1 of them. Likewise Nicholas Copernicus, Benjamin Franklin and Bill Gates. They were 2 “laterborns” —that is, they had at least one older sibling — brother or sister — when they were born. In fact, laterborns are up to 15 times more 3 than firstborns to resist authority and 4 new ground, says Frank J. Sulloway, a researcher scholar at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In his book “Born To Rebel” being released this week, Sulloway claims that 5 someone is an older or younger sibling is the most important 6 shaping personality—more significant 7 gender, race, nationality or class. He 8 26 years studying the lives—and birth orders—of 6,566 historical figures to 9 his conclusions. A laterborn himself, Sulloway first posed how birth order 10 personality as a scholar of Darwin at Harvard University. “ 11 could a somewhat commonplace student at Cambridge become the most revolutionary thinker in the 19th century?” he said. Darwin, the first to 12 the belief 13 God created the world with his theory of evolution, was the fifth of six 14 . Most of his opponents were firstborns. Sulloway’s theory held 15 with Copernicus, the first astronomer to propose that the Sun was the center of the universe, and computer revolutionary Gates of Microsoft.
问题：问答题Passage 1 Despite the basic biological, chemical, and physical similarities found in all living things, a diversity of life exists not only among and between species but also within every natural population. The phenomenon of diversity has had a long history of study because so many of the variations that exist in nature are visible to the eye. (1) It has been suggested that sexual reproduction became the dominant type of reproduction among organisms because of its inherent advantage of variability, which is the mechanism that enables a species to adjust to changing conditions. New variations are potentially present in genetic differences, but how preponderant a variation becomes in a gene pool depends upon the number of offspring the mutants or variants produce (differential reproduction). (2) It is possible for a genetic novelty (new variation) to spread in time to all members of a population, especially if the novelty enhances the population’s chances for survival in the environment in which it exists. Thus, when a species is introduced into a new habitat, it either adapts to the change by natural selection or by some other evolutionary mechanism or else it eventually dies off. Because each new habitat means new adaptations, habitat changes have been responsible for the millions of different kinds of species and for the heterogeneity within each species. The total number of animal and plant species is estimated at between 2,000,000 and 4,500,000; authoritative estimates of the number of extinct species range from 15,000,000 up to 16,000,000,000. (3)Although the use of classification as a means of producing some kind of order out of this staggering number of different types of organisms appears as early as the book of Genesis—with references to cattle, beasts, fowl, creeping things, trees, etc.—the first scientific attempt at classification is attributed to the Greek philosopher Aristotle, who tried to establish a system that would indicate the relationship of all things to each other. He arranged everything along a scale, or “ladder of nature”, with nonliving things at the bottom; plants were placed below animals, and man was at the top. (4)Other schemes that have been used for grouping species include large anatomical similarities, such as wings or fins, which indicate a natural relationship, and also similarities in reproductive structures. (5) At the present time taxonomy is based on two major assumptions: one is that similar body construction can be used as a criterion for a classification grouping; the other is that, in addition to structural similarities, evolutionary and molecular relationships between organisms can be used as a means for determining classification.
问题：单选题It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ______.A many blacks are prepared for leadership.B Du Bois was in favor of “elite education” for blacks.C Washington and Du Bois had never been friends.D only the top 10 percent are worth educating.
问题：单选题The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is ______.A global inflationB reduction in supplyC fast growth in economyD Iraq’s suspension of exports
问题：单选题The Canadian health care system is ______.A financially supported by private enterprises.B run according to different principles.C designed for the convenience of the public.D complicated by administration.
问题：单选题Penfield’s viewpoint was met with much ______.A interest.B controversy.C compliments.D encouragement.
问题：单选题The first paragraph shows that Jill Kerr Conway accepts utilitarian emphasis in education ______.A who literatelyB with reservationC against her own willD with contempt
问题：问答题Passage 1 Putin will finish the second of two terms as President in 2008. Under his leadership, Russia has re-emerged as a significant world power. (1) I have friends who predict that Vladimir Putin will find his new position as Russian prime minister a comedown after eight years as President. I doubt it. Putin is more likely to define his job than be defined by it. After our first meetings, in 1999 and 2000, I described him in my journal as “shrewd, confident, hard-working, patriotic, and ingratiating.” In the years since, he has become more confident and—to Westerners—decidedly less ingratiating. Born in Leningrad (today’s St. Petersburg) Putin is the son of a sailor and a factory worker. From 1976 to 1990, Putin served in the foreign intelligence branch of the notorious Soviet spy agency. For many of those years, he was stationed in Germany. In 1998, Putin was tapped to run the FSB (successor to the KGB) by then Russian President Boris Yeltsin. (2) When Yeltsin resigned shortly before the end of his second term, Putin was chosen to serve as acting President, putting him in an ideal position to win the office in the election that followed. (3) Some believe Putin’s KGB background explains everything, but his allegiance to the KGB is in turn explained by his intense nationalism—which accounts for his popularity in Russia. Timing matters in history, and Putin has had the benefit of high oil prices and the contrast with his predecessor, Boris Yeltsin. (4) His vision of Russia is that of a great power in the old-fashioned European sense. Such powers have spheres of influence and subjugate lesser powers. At home, they celebrate national traditions and prize collective glory, not individual freedom. Tolstoy described the 19th century count Mikhail Speransky as a “rigorous-minded man of immense intelligence, who through his energy...had come to power and used it solely for the good of Russia.” What one found disconcerting, though, “was Speransky’s cold, mirror-like gaze, which let no one penetrate to his soul.” It is possible to love the idea of a nation without caring too much for its citizens. (5) It is unlikely that Putin, 55, will wear out his welcome at home anytime soon, as he has nearly done with many democracies abroad. In the meantime, he will remain an irritant to nato, a source of division within Europe and yet another reason for the West to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels.
问题：单选题It can be inferred that Charles Francis Adams Jr. ______.A devoted his later years to classical educationB was an advocate of education in historyC was an opponent to classical educationD regretted diminishing the importance of the distinction
问题：问答题Passage 1 Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened between. As was discussed before, it was not 1 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic medium, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the company of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution speeded 2 , beginning 3 transport, the railway, and leading on through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures into the 20th-century world 4 the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that 5 in perspective. It is generally recognized, however, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, followed 6 the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 7 its impact 8 the media was not immediately apparent. 9 time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as 10 as institutional, with display becoming sharper and storage capacity 11 . They were thought of, like people, in terms of generations, with the distance between generations much smaller. It was within the computer age that the term “information society” began to be widely used to describe the context 12 we now live. The communications revolution has 13 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, 14 there have been controversial views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits” have been weighed 15 “harmful” outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.
问题：问答题Passage 1 Historians of the war can be 1 into two schools. The 2 considers that it was the unavoidable outcome of conflicting interests between Northern and Southern states. The second blames it 3 political leaders for __4__ to avert an unnecessary war. Analysts are also divided on whether the issue of slavery was the primary cause of the war, 5 a symptom of other more critical differences—especially sectional interests and the doctrine of states’ rights—between the North and South 6 had been developing since the formation of the American republic. The fundamental distinction was economic. In the early 1840s the Northern states began the process of industrialization, modernizing their society to 7 the demands of economic change. 8 conclusion, the slogan of Abraham Lincoln’s Republican party, “free labor, free land, free man” encapsulated the ideology of valuing the freedom of individuals to grasp the opportunity 9 economic self-advancement in a booming, expanding society. The Southern states remained stubbornly agricultural 10 economically and socially. It was a backward-looking way of life of tall white mansions on great plantations dependent on a labour system which made slaves of approximately 4 million black Americans. America was thus divided by economic structure, and was led into fratricidal (杀同胞的) warfare by 11 series of political clashes. The most common cause was the future of the West. The crises 12 California’s admission in 1850 and over Kansas-Nebraska in 1854 were typical of the divergent economic interests of North and South in relation to the 13 . The North wanted free land for independent labour in the same new territories 14 the South sought to perpetuate its traditional way of life by extending slavery. The issue was not the slavery already practised, but the prospect of its extension 15 the West.
问题：单选题The text indicates that private schools are very selective because they ______.A have no reliable methods to pick students for a classB want a good mixture of boys and girls for classesC encounter more demand than they can cope withD prefer to enroll children of their relatives
问题：问答题Passage 2 Many scientists have wondered whether there is some quirk in the way depression is inherited, such as a depressed parent or grandparent is more likely to pass on a predisposition for the disorder to female than to male descendants. Based on studies that trace family histories of depression, the answer to that question appears to be no. (1)______ Simply tracing family histories, though, without considering environmental influences, might not offer a complete picture of how depression is inherited. Indeed, Kenneth S. Kendler and his colleagues at the Medical College of Virginia found in a study of 2060 female twins that genetics might contribute to how women respond to environmental pressures. The researchers examined twins with and without a family history of depression; some twins in both groups had recently undergone a trauma, such as the death of a loved one or a divorce. The investigators found that among the women who did not have a family history of depression, stressful events raised their risk for depression by only 6 percent. (2)______. A similar study has not been done in men, leaving open the question of whether environmental stress and genetic risk for depression interact similarly in both sexes. But research is being done, to determine whether men and women generally experience similar amounts and types of stress. Studies of key hormones hint that they do not. Hormones are not new to depression researchers. Many have wondered whether the gonadal steroids estrogen and progesterone--whose cyclic fluctuations in women regulate menstruation--might put women at a greater risk for depression. There are at least two ways in which they might do so. First, because of differences between theX and Y chromosomes, male and female brains are exposed to different hormonal milieus. (3)______. Indeed, animal experiments show that early hormonal influences have marked behavioral consequences later on, although the phenomenon is of course difficult to study in humans. Second, the fact that postpuberal men and women have different levels of circulating gonad steroids might somehow pull women at higher risk for depression. Research shows girls become more susceptible to depression than boys only after puberty, when they begin menstruating and experience hormonal fluxes. (4)______. For example, Peter J. Schmidt and David R. Rubinow of the National Institute of Mental Health recently reported that manipulations of estrogen and progesterone did not affect mood, except in women who suffer from severe premenstrual mood changes. It now appears, however, that estrogen might set the stage for depression indirectly by priming the body's stress response. During stressful times, the adrenal glands--which sit on top of the kidneys and are controlled by the pituitary gland in the brain--secrete higher levels of a hormone called cortical, which increases the activity of the body's metabolic and immune systems, among others: (5)______. Evidence is emerging that estrogen might not only increase cortical secretion but also decrease mortise’s ability to shut down its own secretion. The result might be a stress response that is not only more pronounced but also longer-lasting in women than in men.[A] But the same risk rose almost 14 percent among the women who did have a family history of depression. In other words, these women had seemingly inherited the propensity to become depressed in the wake of crises.[B] To figure out why depression is more common among women, scientists have to study how genetics and environment divide the sexes and how the two conspire to produce the symptoms we describe as depression.[C] In the normal course of events, stress increases cortical secretion, but these elevated levels have a negative feedback effect on the pituitary, so that cortical levels gradually return to normal;[D] Despite their importance, estrogen and cortical are not the only hormones involved in female depression, medium stress is not the only environmental influence that might hold more sway over women than men.[E] These hormonal differences may affect brain development so that men and women have different vulnerabilities and different physiological reactions to environmental stresses later in life.[F] Even so, scientists have never been able to establish a direct relation between emotional states and levels of estrogen and progesterone in the blood of women.[G] Women and men with similar heritage seem equally likely to develop disorder.
问题：单选题The superiority of the Canadian health care system is seen in ______.A its low medical cost and better public health.B the immediate compensations form insurance companies.C its prompt application of advanced technological innovations.D the low charges made by medical personnel.
问题：单选题According to Paragraph 1, what has been unsettled about language learning is ______.A the way of proving Penfield’s suggestions.B the theoretical value of Penfield’s argument.C the intensity of language training programs.D the best age for second language learning.
问题：单选题The text is mainly about ______.A the contributions of two scientists to psychological studies of language.B the psychological studies on language learning in the 1950s.C Carroll’s studies on the hypothesis put forward by Penfield.D the influence of language learning on psychological studies.
问题：单选题Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the author’s discussion of the role of political knowledge in the formation of political ideology during adolescence?A He acknowledges its importance, but then modifies his initial assertion of that importance.B He consistently resists the idea that it is important, using series of examples to support his stand.C He wavers in evaluating it and finally uses analogies to explain why he is indecisive.D He takes care not to make an initial judgment about it, but later confirms its critical role.
问题：单选题Carbohydrates are important for ______.A growthB healthy bonesC energyD the clotting of blood
