The school which blames globalization thinks ______.
A.trade influences middling wages positively
B.the labor market becomes more dense
C.technology decreases workers' wages at once
D.the reason of capital's rewards outpacing those of labor is uncertain
第1题:
Which of the following statements about labor unions can be concluded based on the information in the passage?
A. Labor unions reached their peak of power in the 1986's.
B. It. took labor unions many years to improve conditions for workers.
C. The early labor unions failed .because they were not concerned with the well-being of workers.
D. The early labor unions failed because they could not agree on what they wanted to fight for.
第2题:
What would happen if women's wages were raised?
A. The imput of labor would be increased.
B. The unemployment rate would go up.
C. Those who have jobs would all become better off.
D. Women as a group would earn more than before.
此题为细节题。文章的最后一段内可以找到句子:The result will be a surplus(过剩)of labor。如果政府干预提高女性的工资待遇,将会导致劳动力过剩,从而引起失业率上升的问题。所以选答案 B。
第3题:
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet I. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Rich Man, Poor Man
Gluers and sawyers from the furniture factories in Galax near the mountains of Virginia lost their jobs last year when American retailers decided they could find a better supplier in China. At the other end of the furniture industry Robert Nardelli lost his job this month when Home Depot decided it could find a better chief executive in his deputy. But any likeness ends there. Mr. Nardelli's exit was as extravagantly rewarded as his occupation of the corner office had been. Next to his $ 210 million severance pay, the redundant woodworkers packages were mean to the point of provocation (激怒).
That's the way it goes all over the rich world. If you look back 20 years, the total pay of the typical top American manager has increased from roughly 40 times the average--the level for four decades -- to 110 times the average now. These are the glory days of global capitalism. The mix of technology and economic integration transforming the world has created unparalleled prosperity. In the past five years the world has seen faster growth than at any time since the early 1970s. Having joined the global labor force, hundreds of millions of people in developing countries have won the chance to escape squalor (肮脏) and poverty. Hundreds of millions more stand to join them.
That promises to improve the lot of humanity as a whole incalculably. But in the rich world labor's share of GDP has fallen to historic lows, while profits are soaring. A clamor is abroad that Mr. Nardelli and his friends among the top hundredth -- or even the top thousandth -- of the population are seizing the lion's share of globalization's gains. Meanwhile everyone else -- not just blue-collar factory workers but also the wider office -- working middle class -- shuffles along, grimly waiting for the next round of cost-cuts.
Fear and clothing
Signs of a backlash abound. Stephen Roach, the chief economist at Morgan Stanley, has counted 27 pieces of anti-China legislation in Congress since early 2005. The German Marshall Fund found last year that, although most people still say they favor free trade, more than half of Americans want to protect domestic companies from foreign competition even if that slows economic growth. In a hint of labor's possible resurgence, the House of Representatives has just voted to raise the federal minimum wage for the first time in a decade. Even Japan is alarmed about inequality, stagnant (不景气的) wages and jobs going to China. Europe has tied itself in knots trying to "manage" trade in Chinese textiles.
Should you blame your computer?
The panic comes in part from a rush to lump all the blame on globalization. Technology -- an even less resistible force -- is also destroying white- and blue-collar tasks in a puff of automation and may play a bigger role in explaining rising wage inequality. The distinctions between technology and globalization count, if only because people tend to welcome computers but condemn foreigners (whether as competitors or immigrants). That makes technology easier to defend.
For economists, the debate about whether technology or globalization is responsible for capital's rewards outpacing those of labor is crucial, complicated and unresolved. One school, which blames globalization, argues that the rocketing profits and sluggish middling wages of the past few years are the long-lasting results of trade, as all those new develo
A.seemed to be redundant
B.irritated them
C.satisfied them
D.was close to Mr. Nardelli's
第4题:
第5题:
It can be inferred from the passage that early historians of women’s labor in the United States paid little attention to women’s employment in the service sector of the economy because________.
A.fewer women found employment in the service sector than in factory work
B.the wages paid to workers in the service sector were much lower than those paid in the industrial sector
C.women’s employment in the service sector tended to be much more short—term than in factory work
D.employment in the service sector seemed to have much in common with the unpaid work associated with homemaking
第6题:
Passage Four
Women earn less than men do. For example, in 1998 the hourly wages of women in the U. S. were 26% less than those of men.
The gap between male and female incomes varies with age. The gap between the labor incomes of young women and young men
varies. It's also clear that jobs in which women are concentrated pay less. The larger the number of workers who are women in ran
industry, the lower the average wages.
Why do women earn less than men do? Can the differences be explained by the fact that women are looked
down upon? If so, the government has to intervene(干预), to force the employers to pay equal wages to equal jobs. However, there is no agreement among economists about the causes of
the gap. One view argues that women, on the average, have chosen low-paying jobs in which workers enjoy the freedom of entering and leaving the labor force, which reduces their years of experience relative
to men. Other people say the gap can also be explained by the difference in educational background.
Much of the gap, however, has not been fully explained. It might be the result of some prejudice (偏见) against women. It is this part that has produced calls for government action. What would happen if the government did intervene to
increase the wages paid to women? One possibility is that incomes for women as a group might actually decline (下降). An increase in wage decreases the quantity of labor imput demanded, resulting in decreased employment as the rate of hiring new
workers declines. The result will be a surplus 过剩) of labor. Those who can find jobs might be better off while those who had jobs
might find themselves out of work.
48. Some economists believe women earn less than men partly because______.
A. there are more than enough women in the labor force
B. women have more freedom in selecting jobs
C. women are only provided with low-paid jobs
D. women are less experienced than men
此题为细节分析推论题。文章的第二段内可以找到句子:One view…which reduces their year of experience background。有一种观点认为是女性就业时,更倾向于选择自由性更强但报酬更低的行业,这也导致她们的工作经验不如男性。
第7题:
Those white workers were not (satisfied) with their wages, and when they were asked to work longer hours, it added fuel to the flames.选择能代替括号里的选项
A、merry
B、ideal
C、happy
D、delighted
第8题:
Passage One
In the late 1860's, industry in America grew rapidly. More factories meant more jobs. But working conditions were dangerous. Employees were forced to work as many as 16 hours a day in hot, dirty rooms. Children often worked alongside adults. Wages were usually very low.
Workers tried to improve conditions by forming unions. One of the first important unions was the Knights of Labor, formed in 1869. Blacks and women were welcomed as members. The Knights of Labor wanted an 8-hour workday, higher wages, and better working conditions. The union called for an end to the employment of children under age 14.
Together with other unions, the Knights of Labor tried to make changes through collective bargaining. Union leaders would meet with employers and talk. When collective bargaining failed, the unions resorted to strikes. When some strikes that the unions held turned violent, public opinion turned against them. Many members left the Knights of Labor, and by 1890 the union had died out.
But other unions survived. The AF of L, American Federation of Labor, was formed in 1881. It continued to push for the goals set by the Knights of Labor. However, most federal laws protecting workers and outlawing child labor were not passed until the 1930's.
31. According to the passage, the Knights of Labor wanted all of the following EXCEPT ______.
A. an 8-hour workday
B. higher wages
C. improving working conditions in the factories
D. an increase in the employment of small children
第9题:
第10题: