第1题:
Animals other than humans have not developed communications comparable to human language. But is it possible that other animals have the capacity to learn a language if they are adequately taught? Obviously, this is a fascination notion. The idea of communicating directly with another species has long been a part of human folklore and children’s fantasies. But on a scientific level, the question of whether animals can learn a language is important primarily because it relates to the controversy()between the cognitive and the learning approaches to language. If language is dependent on and is actually an outgrowth of the intellectual structure of the human mind, there is the strong supposition that only humans are capable of using language. Therefore, Noam Chomsky and other psycholinguists have argued that only humans can learn a language, while most behaviorists feel that with sufficient patience it should be possible to teach an animal some sort of language. Although the two schools of thought clearly differ on this point, it is not really a crucial test of the two theories. If a chimpanzee can master a simple language all it would mean is that the chimp’s intellectual capacity and brain structure are more similar to ours than we thought. It would not necessarily imply that our intellectual structure is unimportant in our own mastery of language. Thus, teaching an animal language is an impressive demonstration of the power of learning techniques, but it is not evidence that language is developed entirely through learning.On the other hand, the question of whether other animals can learn a language is fascination in its own right, aside from its value as a test of the two theories of language development. Accordingly, whatever one’s position on the theoretical dispute, we must consider training an animal to use language a dramatic accomplishment.
36.Which of the following statements is the view of psycholinguists?
A. The cognitive view of language learning says that only human beings can learn language because it is an outgrowth of the structure of the human mind.
B. Other animals simply could master a language.
C. The animals intellectual capacity is much better than human beings.
D. Language is developed by learning.
37.The behaviorists’ view is that __________.
A. language is actually an outgrowth of intellectual structure of the animal’s mind
B. animals have not developed communications system
C. given enough patience, a man should be able to teach an animal some sort of language
D. only human beings can learn language
38.That an animal can master a simple language means that __________.
A. human’s intellectual structure is not important
B. animals’ intellectual capacity and brain structure are more similar to the humans’
C. the learning techniques are much more important
D. language is developed completely by learning
39.The main idea of paragraph two is ___________.
A. teaching a chimp language is not crucial test of the two theories
B. their brain structure is not similar to human
C. using various methods to let the chimp master a language
D. training a nonhuman to use language is an amazing accomplishment
40.The best title for this passage would be _________.
A. Animals’ language
B. Human’s language
C. Teaching Animals’ Language
D. Can Other Animals Acquire Language?
第2题:
I _____ the doctor's yesterday.
A: call on
B: called at
C: call off
D: call in
第3题:
根据下列材料请回答 1~20 题:
From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first1 , they were like newborn children, unable to use this 2tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for humankind' s future 3and cultural growth increased. Many linguists believe that evolution is4for our ability to produce and use language. They 5thatour highly evolved brain provides us 6an innate language ability not found in lower 7 . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our 8 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually,9 a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore, there are critical10 times for language development.
Current11 of the innateness theory are mixed; however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. 12 , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in13 grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being 14to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the 15of their first language have become firmly fixed.
16 some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been17 from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that 18with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language19 than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. 20, children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child' s language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.
第 1 题
A. generated
B. evolved
C. born
D. originated
第4题:
第5题:
第6题:
A.English
B.New English
C.Old English
D.French
第7题:
第8题:
A. call forth
B. call at
C. call on
D. call off
第9题:
第10题: