Indirect cooling of fuel injector nozzle holders for diesel

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Older loop scavenged engines may have a single injector mounted centrally in the cylinder head. Because the exhaust valve is in the center of the cylinder head on modern uniflow scavenged engines the fuel valves (2 or 3) are arranged around the periphery of the head. The pressure at which the injector operates can be adjusted by adjusting the loading on the spring. The pressures at which the injectors operate vary depending on the engine, but can be as high as 540 bar. Some injectors have internal cooling passages in them extending into the nozzle through which cooling water is circulated. This is to prevent overheating and burning of the nozzle tip. Injectors on modern engines do not have internal cooling passages. They are cooled by a combination of the intensive bore cooling in the cylinder head being close to the valve pockets and by the fuel which is re-circulated through the injector when the follower is on the base of the cam or when the engine is stopped. As well as cooling the injector, re-circulating the fuel when the engine is stopped keeps the fuel at the correct viscosity for injection by preventing it from cooling down. Fuel injectors must be kept in good condition to maintain optimum efficiency, and to prevent conditions arising which could lead to damage within the cylinder. Injectors should be changed in line with manufacturers&39; recommendations, overhauled and tested. Springs can weaken with repeated operation leading to the injector opening at a lower pressure than designed. The needle valve and seat can wear which together with worn nozzle holes will lead to incorrect atomization and dribbling.

Modern uniflow scavenged engines have______.

A.a single injector mounted in the center of the cylinder head

B.several injectors mounted around the external boundary of the cylinder head

C.a single injector mounted at the external boundary of the cylinder head

D.several injectors mounted in the center of the cylinder head

_______can be a direct cause of faulty operation of diesel engine fuel injection nozzles.

A.Excessive fuel nozzle holder cooling

B.Sediment in the fuel supply

C.Distortion of the fuel spray pattern

D.Improper atomization of the fuel

If you suspect a diesel engine is misfiring due to air leakage into the fuel system, you should begin looking for the leak at the

A.fuel line connections to the cylinder injection valves

B.gasket surfaces of the fuel oil filters

C.discharge fittings of the fuel injector pumps

D.suction side of the fuel oil transfer pump

Cooling water is circulated through______in some injectors.

A.the nozzle

B.the nozzle tip

C.the internal passages

D.the fuel re-circulated

Fuel is admitted to a diesel engine cylinder through the ______.

A.injector nozzles

B.carburetor

C.exhaust ports

D.intake valves

Indirect cooling of fuel injector nozzle holders for diesel engines is accomplished primarily by

A.heat conduction into the injected fuel oil

B.heat conduction into the water jacket wall

C.water circulation through passages in the holder

D.fuel oil circulation through passages m the holder