单选题It would be disastrous for developing countries,______ at least 16 cities are expected to have more than 12 million people ______ by the end of this decade, failing to give priority to public transport.A where; eachB which; /C that, everyoneD in which;

题目

单选题

It would be disastrous for developing countries,______ at least 16 cities are expected to have more than 12 million people ______ by the end of this decade, failing to give priority to public transport.

where; each

which; /

that, everyone

in which; anyone

如果没有搜索结果或未解决您的问题，请直接联系老师获取答案。

相似问题和答案

第1题：

4 At an academic conference, a debate took place on the implementation of corporate governance practices in

developing countries. Professor James West from North America argued that one of the key needs for developing

countries was to implement rigorous systems of corporate governance to underpin investor confidence in businesses

in those countries. If they did not, he warned, there would be no lasting economic growth as potential foreign inward

investors would be discouraged from investing.

In reply, Professor Amy Leroi, herself from a developing country, reported that many developing countries are

discussing these issues at governmental level. One issue, she said, was about whether to adopt a rules-based or a

principles-based approach. She pointed to evidence highlighting a reduced number of small and medium sized initial

public offerings in New York compared to significant growth in London. She suggested that this change could be

attributed to the costs of complying with Sarbanes-Oxley in the United States and that over-regulation would be the

last thing that a developing country would need. She concluded that a principles-based approach, such as in the

United Kingdom, was preferable for developing countries.

Professor Leroi drew attention to an important section of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act to illustrate her point. The key

requirement of that section was to externally report on – and have attested (verified) – internal controls. This was, she

argued, far too ambitious for small and medium companies that tended to dominate the economies of developing

countries.

Professor West countered by saying that whilst Sarbanes-Oxley may have had some problems, it remained the case

that it regulated corporate governance in the ‘largest and most successful economy in the world’. He said that rules

will sometimes be hard to follow but that is no reason to abandon them in favour of what he referred to as ‘softer’

approaches.

(a) There are arguments for both rules and principles-based approaches to corporate governance.

Required:

(i) Describe the essential features of a rules-based approach to corporate governance; (3 marks)

正确答案：
(a) (i) Describe rules-based
In a rules-based jurisdiction, corporate governance provisions are legally binding and enforceable in law.
Non-compliance is punishable by fines or ultimately (in extremis) by delisting and director prosecutions.
There is limited latitude for interpretation of the provisions to match individual circumstances (‘one size fits all’). Some
have described this as a ‘box ticking’ exercise as companies seek to comply despite some provisions applying to their
individual circumstances more than others.
Investor confidence is underpinned by the quality of the legislation rather than the degree of compliance (which will be
total for the most part).

第2题：

In the author's opinion, __.

A. developing countries should be responsible for environmental problems

B. overpopulation in the world is created by the developed countries

C. rich countries exercise worse influence on environment than poor countries

D. all countries should bring the population growth under control

正确答案：C

第3题：

() our countries are developing countries.

A.Each

B.Either

C.Every

D.Both

参考答案：D

第4题：

共用题干
Communications Revolution Cyberspace,data superhighway,multi-media-for those who have seen the future,the linking of computers, television and telephones will change our lives forever.Yet for all the talk of a forthcoming technological utopia little attention has been given to the implications of these developments for the poor.As with all new high technology,while the West concerns itself.with the"how",the question of"for whom"is put aside once again. Economists are only now realizing the full extent to which the communications revolution has affected the world economy.Information technology allows the extension of trade across geographical and industrial boundaries,and transnational corporations take full advantage of it.Terms of trade,exchange and interest rates and money movements are more important than the production of goods.The electronic economy made possible by information technology allows the haves to increase their control on global markets-with destructive impact on the have-nots. For them the result is instability.Developing countries which rely on the production of a small range of goods for export are made to feel like small parts in the international economic machine.As"futures"are traded on computer screens,developing countries simply have less and less control of their destinies. So what are the options for regaining control?One alternative is for developing countries to buy in the latest computers and telecommunications themselves-so-called"development communications"modernization.Yet this leads to long-term dependency and perhaps permanent constraints on developing countries'economies. Communications technology is generally exported from the U.S.,Europe or Japan;the patents,skills and ability to manufacture remain in the hands of a few industrialized countries.It is also expensive,and imported products and services must therefore be bought on credit-credit usually provided by the very countries whose companies stand to gain. Furthermore,when new technology is introduced there is often too low a level of expertise to exploit it for native development.This means that while local elites,foreign communities and subsidiaries of transnational corporations may benefit,those whose lives depend on access to the information are denied by it.

Why does the author say that the electronic economy may have a destructive impact on developing countries?
A:Because it destroys the economic balance of the poor countries.
B:Because it inhibits the industrial growth of developing countries.
C:Because it enables the developed countries to control the international market.
D:Because it violates the national boundaries of the poor countries.

答案：B

解析：

文章第一段说发达国家在网络空间、数字高速公路、多媒体等高科技方面迅猛发展的同时，贫困国家的发展却并不受重视。第二段最后一句话进一步指出，电子经济的发展使得发达国家进一步控制了全球市场，从而给贫困国家造成了毁灭性的影响。第四段接着谈到贫困国家若想控制本国经济的发展，就要引进最新技术，但是这又会导致贫困国家在发展电讯事业方面长期依赖发达国家，使得本国经济受到永久的约束。由此可见，高科技的发展是符合发达国家的利益的。故选B。
由文章第石段第二句话“…little attention has been given to the implications of these developments for the poor.”可知，贫困国家的发展并没有受到足够的重视。故选A。
由文章第二段最后一句话和第三段最后一句话可知，电子经济的发展使得发达国家进一步控制了全球市场，而使发展中国家对本匡经济的控制能力相对减弱。这些都将对发展中国家造成毁灭性的影响。除此之外，由文章第四段可知，发展中国家要重新获得对本国经济的控制能力，就需要引进发达国家的先进科技，这又使得发展中国家更加依赖发达国家，从而限制了本国经济的发展。所以说，电子经济的发展之所以会对发展中国家造成毁灭性的影响的直接原因是它限制了发展中国家的经济发展。故选B。
由文章第四段最后一句话“Yet this leads to long-term dependency and perhaps permanent constraints on developing countries ' economies.”可知，如果发展中国家选择发展现代化通讯技术，那么就会导致他们长期地依赖发达国家，给本国的经济发展带来永久的制约。因此发展中国家现代通讯技术的发展将是以牺牲本国的经济独立为代价的。故选B。
通读全文可知，作者多次指出高新技术的发展在给发达国家带来巨大利益的同时，却阻碍了发展中国家的经济发展。它给发展中国家带来的将是毁灭性的影响。由此可推测出作者对通讯革命持批判态度。故选D。

第5题：

共用题干
Brain Drain

1.Brain drain is a phenomenon under which"people of a nation move to another nation due to financial benefits and also due to economical reasons,but there are many more reasons behind it". If we think deeply to the topic,we would find that this phenomenon has more disadvantages than advantages.
2.This phenomenon has many advantages for receiving countries which will automatically benefit from the skills and talents of immigrated people who were educated and qualified in their home countnes.
3.However,developing countries are deeply affected by this phenomenon since they are deprived from millions of their skilled workers, doctors,hardworking Engineers,and billions of man power. Those elites represent the backbone of their economies and once they travel abroad,their economies will not flourish and promote.In fact,there are many reasons behind brain drain.Firstly,the Government is the first responsible for brain drain. The salaries paid by local companies are much less than multinational foreign companies,which pushes millions of intelligent,hardworking Engineers to leave their native countries to look for a better life and opportunities.Secondly,the status and facilities provided by foreign companies are much higher in quality and quantity.Also,some people find it a matter of pride and dignity to work as an employee in foreign countries.
4.But we have to mention that brain drain does not only affect developing countries but also has some advantages for them.People living abroad help foreigners to know about their cultures and traditions.Also,they give information about various natural beauties and tourist spots in their home countries,which encourages tourists to visit them. This in turn increases tourist income.Brain drain also helps in increasing their foreign exchanges.
5.But at last you would find that brain drain has more disadvantages than advantages on developing or poor countries.So,to stop brain drain,local governments should make people aware of its harmful effects.Also Government should provide opportunities to their elites and should provide them with handsome salary so that they can serve their own mother nation.

This phenomenon has many advantages for receiving countries which will benefit from the skills and talents of______.
A:its harmful effects
B:immigrated people
C:the local government
D:their cultures and traditions
E:the hardworking engineers
F: in quality and quantity

答案：B

解析：

本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段的中心意思是人才流失对人员接受国的益处。
本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段的中心意思是人才流失对发展中国家的弊端。
本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段的中心意思是人才流失也能给发展中国家带来些好处。
本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段的中心意思是政府为阻止人才流失能采取的措施。
本题考查的是对阐述文章主旨的事实与细节的了解。依据是第二段中的 "This phenomenon has many advantages for receiving countries which will automatically benefit from the skills and talents of immigrated people”。
本题考查的是对阐述文章主旨的事实与细节的了解。依据是第三段中的 "Second,the status and facilities provided by foreign companies are much higher in quality and quantity”。
本题考查的是对阐述文章主旨的事实与细节的了解。依据是第四段中的 "People living abroad help foreigners to know about their cultures and traditions”。
本题考查的是对阐述文章主旨的事实与细节的了解。依据是文章第五段中的“So , to stop brain drain , local governments should make people aware of its harmful effects"。

第6题：

(ii) Construct the argument against Professor West’s opinion, and in favour of Professor Leroi’s opinion that

a principles-based approach would be preferable in developing countries. Your answer should consider

the particular situations of developing countries. (10 marks)

正确答案：
(ii) Principles-based approach
Advantages of a principles-based approach
The rigour with which governance systems are applied can be varied according to size, situation, stage of development
of business, etc. Organisations (in legal terms) have a choice to the extent to which they wish to comply, although they
will usually have to ‘comply or explain’. Explanations are more accepted by shareholders and stock markets for smaller
companies.
Obeying the spirit of the law is better than ‘box ticking’ (‘sort of business you are’ rather than ‘obeying rules’). Being
aware of overall responsibilities is more important than going through a compliance exercise merely to demonstrate
conformance.
Avoids the ‘regulation overload’ of rules based (and associated increased business costs). The costs of compliance have
been a cause of considerable concern in the United States.
Self-regulation (e.g. by Financial Services Authority in the UK) rather than legal control has proven itself to underpin
investor confidence in several jurisdictions and the mechanisms are self-tightening (quicker and cheaper than legislation)
if initial public offering (IPO) volumes fall or capital flows elsewhere.
Context of developing countries
Developing countries’ economies tend to be dominated by small and medium sized organisations (SMEs). It would be
very costly and probably futile, to attempt to burden small businesses with regulatory requirements comparable to larger
concerns.
Having the flexibility to ‘comply or explain’ allows for those seeking foreign equity to increase compliance whilst those
with different priorities can delay full compliance. In low-liquidity stock markets (such as those in some developing
countries) where share prices are not seen as strategically important for businesses, adopting a more flexible approach
might be a better use of management talent rather than ‘jumping through hoops’ to comply with legally-binding
constraints.
The state needs to have an enforcement mechanism in place to deal with non-compliance and this itself represents a
cost to taxpayers and the corporate sector. Developing countries may not have the full infrastructure in place to enable
compliance (auditors, pool of NEDs, professional accountants, internal auditors, etc) and a principles-based approach
goes some way to recognise this.

第7题：

Paragraph 3______
A:Harmful effects of brain drain on developing countries.
B:Brain drain in developing countries.
C:Strategies governments can use to curb brain drain.
D:Good effects of brain drain on receiving countries.
E:Brain drain and elites.
F: Benefits brain drain brings to developing countries.

答案：A

解析：

第8题：

The author holds that______.

A．mortality rates in developing countries have been brought down by a number of forces

B．medical innovations are the only way to reduce mortality rates in developing countries

C．the upgrading of hygiene and sanitation has played a crucial role in reducing mortality rates in developing countries

D．improved nutrition is the only one factor that reduces mortality rates in developing countries

正确答案：A
解析：文中第二段论述了降低死亡率的多种因素。

第9题：

It′s bad policy for developing countries to sacrifice environmental protection to__________economic?growth.

A.discourage
B.weaken
C.promote
D.create

答案：C

解析：

【考情点拨】考查动词词义辨析。【应试指导】句意：牺牲环境保护来促进经济增长对于发展中国家来说是一项糟糕的政策。discourage使泄气；weaken削弱；promote促进;create创造。

第10题：

共用题干
第三篇

Global Cancer Rates to Rise by 50% by 2020

The number of new cancer cases worldwide is expected to increase by 50%by the year
2020.But a new report suggests that as many as a third of new cancers could be avoided
by adopting healthier lifestyles and through public health action.
The World Cancer Report,released by the International Agency for Research on
Cancer,shows that cancer has now emerged as a major public health threat in developing
countries as well as rich ones.
Overall,cancer was responsible for 12%of all deaths in 2000.But in many countries
more than a quarter of all deaths are caused by cancer.
The report shows that 1 0 million new cancers were diagnosed globally in 2000,and that
number is expected to rise to 15 million by 2020.Researchers say most of that increase will
mainly be due to steadily aging populations in both developed and developing countries and
current trends in smoking and other unhealthy habits.
"Cancer has emerged as a major public health problem in developing countries for the
first time, matching its effect in industrialized（工业化的）countries , " said researcher Paul
Kleihues,MD,director of IARC,in a news release."Once considered a'Western'
disease,the Report highlights that more than 50 percent of the world's cancer burden,in
terms of both numbers of cases and deaths,already occurs in developing countries."
The risk of being diagnosed with cancer in developed countries is double that in less-
developed ones.However,the risk of dying from cancer is much higher in developing
countries , where 80% of cancer patients already have late-stage incurable tumors（肿瘤）
at the time of diagnosis.
Researchers say cancer rates have traditionally been higher in developed countries due
to greater exposure to tobacco,occupational carcinogens（致癌物）,and an unhealthy
Western diet and lifestyle.As less-developed countries become industrialized and more
prosperous,they tend to adopt the high-fat diet and low physical activity levels typically seen
in the West,which increase cancer rates.

Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
A:There were 1 0 million cancer patients worldwide in 2000.
B:Generally,cancer accounted for 12% of all deaths in 2000.
C:Cancer is the cause of over 25%of all deaths in many countries.
D:It is expected that global cancer rates will go up by 50%by 2020.

答案：A

解析：

It would be disastrous for developing countries,______ at le

题目

相似问题和答案

更多相关问题

相关内容