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How Babies Learn Language　　During the first year of a child’

题目
问答题
How Babies Learn Language　　During the first year of a child’s life, parents and careers are concerned with its physical development very carefully. It is interesting just how easily children learn language. Children who are just three or four years old, who cannot yet tie their shoelaces, are able to speak in full sentences without any specific language training.　　The current view of child language development is that it is an instinct—something as natural as eating or sleeping. According to experts in this area, this language instinct is innate—something each of us is born with. But this prevailing view has not always enjoyed widespread acceptance.　　In the middle of last century, experts of the time, including a renowned professor at Harvard University in the United States, regarded child language development as the process of learning through mere repetition. Language “habits” developed as young children were they used incorrect forms of language correctly and ignored or punished when they used incorrect forms of language. Over time, a child, according to this theory, would learn language much like a dog might learn to behave properly through training.　　Yet even though the modern view holds that language is instinctive, experts like Assistant Professor Lise Eliot are convinced that the interaction a child has with its parents and caregivers is crucial to its developments. The language of the parents and caregivers is so important that the child will learn to speak in a manner very similar to the model speakers it hears.Given that the models parents provide are so important, it is interesting to consider the role of “baby talk” in the child’s language development. Baby talk is the language produced by an adult speaker who is trying to exaggerate certain aspects of the language to capture the attention of a young baby.　　Dr Roberta Golinkoff believes that babies benefit from baby talk. Experiment show that immediately after birth babies respond more to infant-directed talk than they do to adult-directed talk. When using baby talk, people exaggerate their facial expressions, which helps the baby to begin to understand what is being communicated. She also notes that the exaggerated nature and repetition of baby talk helps infants to learn the difference between sounds. Since babies have a great deal of information to process, baby talk helps. Although there is concern that baby talk may persist too long, Dr Golinkoff says that it stops being used as the child gets older, that is, when the child is better able to communicate with the parents.　　Professor Jusczyk has made a particular study of babies’ ability to recognize sounds, and says they recognize the sound of their own names as early as four and a half months. Babies know the meaning of Mummy and Daddy by about six months, which is earlier than was previously believed. By about nine months, babies begin recognizing frequent patterns in language. A baby will listen longer to the sounds that occur frequently, so it is good to frequently call the infant by its name.　　An experiment at Johns Hopkins University in USA, in which researchers went to the homes of 16 nine-month-olds, confirms this view. The researchers arranged their visits for ten days out of a two-week period. During each visit the researcher played an audio tape that included the same three stories. The stories included odd words such as “python” or “hornbill”, words that were unlikely to be encountered in the babies’ everyday experience. After a couple of weeks during which nothing was done, the babies were brought to the research lab, where they listened to two recorded lists of words. The first list included words heard in the story. The second included similar words, but not the exact ones that were used in the stories.　　Jusczyk found the babies listened longer to the words that had appeared in the stories, which indicated that the babies had extracted individual words from the story. When a control group of 16 nine-month-olds, who had not heard the stories, listened to the two groups of words, they showed no preference for either list.　　This does not mean that the babies actually understand the meanings of the words, just the sound patterns. It supports the idea that people are born to speak, and have the capacity to learn language from the day they are born. This ability is enhanced if they are involved in conversation. And, significantly, Dr Eliot reminds parents that babies and toddlers need to feel they are communicating.　　Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in the passage “How babies learn language”?　　YES if the statement agrees with the information　　NO　　　　　　　　if the statement dose not agree with the information　　NOT GIVEN　　　　if there is no information about this in the passage　　1．From the time of their birth humans seem to have an ability to learn language.　　2．According to experts in the 1950s and 1960s, language learning is very similar to the training of animals.　　3．Repetition in language learning is important, according to Dr Eliot.　　4．Dr Golinkoff is concerned that “baby talk” is spoken too much by some parents.　　5．The first word a child learns to recognize is usually “Mummy” or “Daddy”.
参考答案和解析
正确答案：
1.Y 从第二段The current view of child language development…something each of us is born with可知人类学习语言的能力是与生俱来的。
2.Y 从第三段最后a child…would learn language much like a dog might learn to behave properly through training可知20世纪中叶的专家们认为人类学习语言就像训练狗之类的动物一样,通过重复就能实现。
3.NG 第四段开头提出Eliot are convinced that the interaction a child has with its parents and caregivers is crucial to its developments,只说明Eliot认为孩子与父母等人的互动对其发展很重要,并未涉及重复在学习语言中是否重要。
4.N 第六段中Dr Roberta Golinkoff believes that babies benefit from baby talk,阐述了Dr Golinkoff对baby talk的观点。她认为baby talk对孩子的成长很有好处,而不是说家长对此过分强调。
5.N 第七段中Professor Jusczyk研究发现婴儿四个半月时就能识别自己的名字,大约六个月时便知道“父亲”“母亲”的含义,九个月时开始识别常用的语言形式。可知孩子最早的识别的应该是自己的名字。
解析： 暂无解析
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相似问题和答案

第1题：

共用题干
第一篇

Why Don ' t Babies Talk Like Adults?

Over the past half-century,scientists have settled on two reasonable theories related to babytalk.One
states that a young child's brain needs time to master language,in the same way that it does to master other
abilities such as physical movement. The second theory states that a child's vocabulary level is the key fac-
tor. According to this theory,some key steps have to occur in a logical sequence before sentence formation
occurs.Children's mathematical knowledge develops in the same way.
In 2007,researchers at Harvard University,who were studying the two theories,found a clever way to
test them.More than 20,000 internationally adopted children enter the U.S.each year. Many of them no lon-
ger hear their birth language after they arrive,and they must learn English more or less the same way infants
do一that is,by listening and by trial and error. International adoptees don't take classes or use a dictionary
when they are learning their new tongue and most of them don't have a well-developed first language.All of
these factors make them an ideal population in which to test these competing hypotheses about how language
is learned.
Neuroscientists Jesse Snedeker,Joy Geren and Carissa Shafto studied the language development of 27
children adopted from China between the ages of two and five years.These children began learning English
at an older age than US natives and had more mature brains with which to tackle the task.Even so,just as
with American-born infants,their first English sentences consisted of single words and were largely bereft（缺
乏的）of function words , word endings and verbs. The adoptees then went through the same stages as typical
American-born children,though at a faster clip.The adoptees and native children started combining words in
sentences when their vocabulary reached the same sizes,further suggesting that what matters is not how old
you are or how mature your brain is,but the number of words you know.
This finding一that having more mature brains did not help the adoptees avoid the toddler-talk stage一
suggests that babies speak in babytalk not because they have baby brains,but because they have only just
started learning and need time to gain enough vocabulary to be able to expand their conversations.Before
long,the one-word stage will give way to the two-word stage and so on. Learning how to chat like an adult is
a gradual process.
But this potential answer also raises an even older and more difficult question.Adult immigrants who
learn a second language rarely achieve the same proficiency in a foreign language as the average child raised
as a native speaker. Researchers have long suspected there is a"critical period"for language development,
after which it cannot proceed with full success to fluency.Yet we still do not understand this critical period or
know why it ends.

Snedeker,Geren and Shafto based their study on children who________.
A:were finding it difficult to learn English
B:were learning English at a later age than US children
C:had come from a number of language backgrounds
D:had taken English lessons in China

答案：B
解析：
本题是推理判断题。第二段意思是：通过把被收养的国际儿童作为实验对象，采取不 同的培训方法来解释儿童语言习得的特殊途径。故选D。
由文章第三段第二句话可知这些儿童开始学习英语时要比美国本土学说话的孩子年龄大。
由文章第三段后半部分可知，与美国本土唯呀学语的儿童相比，被收养的中国儿童的 语言发展在其最初开口所说的单词，学习语言的方法和开始造句的阶段都相同。由该段倒数 第二句话“The adoptees then went through the same stages as typical American-born children, though at a faster clip.”该句中at a faster clip意思是“以更快的速度”。由此可知他们学习语言 的速度比本土的孩子快。故选A。
文章第四段讲述了哈佛大学研究人员的实验结果表明儿童说话时只能使用儿童话语 是因为他们需要时间来获得更多的词汇从而扩展对话形式。而从儿童话语过渡到成人话语形 式是一个渐进的过程。从最后两句话“Before long , the one-word stage will give way to the two-word stage and so on.Learning how to chat like an adult is a gradual process.”可以看出选C。
由文章最后一段倒数第二句话“Researchers have long suspected there is a ' critical period ' for language development , after which it cannot proceed with full success to fluency.”可知 研究者猜想在人的语言发展过程中有一“关键期”，过了这一“关键期”，人的语言发展就不可 能达到流利的程度。故选C。

第2题：

共用题干
第一篇

Why Don ' t Babies Talk Like Adults?

Over the past half-century,scientists have settled on two reasonable theories related to babytalk.One
states that a young child's brain needs time to master language,in the same way that it does to master other
abilities such as physical movement. The second theory states that a child's vocabulary level is the key fac-
tor. According to this theory,some key steps have to occur in a logical sequence before sentence formation
occurs.Children's mathematical knowledge develops in the same way.
In 2007,researchers at Harvard University,who were studying the two theories,found a clever way to
test them.More than 20,000 internationally adopted children enter the U.S.each year. Many of them no lon-
ger hear their birth language after they arrive,and they must learn English more or less the same way infants
do一that is,by listening and by trial and error. International adoptees don't take classes or use a dictionary
when they are learning their new tongue and most of them don't have a well-developed first language.All of
these factors make them an ideal population in which to test these competing hypotheses about how language
is learned.
Neuroscientists Jesse Snedeker,Joy Geren and Carissa Shafto studied the language development of 27
children adopted from China between the ages of two and five years.These children began learning English
at an older age than US natives and had more mature brains with which to tackle the task.Even so,just as
with American-born infants,their first English sentences consisted of single words and were largely bereft（缺
乏的）of function words , word endings and verbs. The adoptees then went through the same stages as typical
American-born children,though at a faster clip.The adoptees and native children started combining words in
sentences when their vocabulary reached the same sizes,further suggesting that what matters is not how old
you are or how mature your brain is,but the number of words you know.
This finding一that having more mature brains did not help the adoptees avoid the toddler-talk stage一
suggests that babies speak in babytalk not because they have baby brains,but because they have only just
started learning and need time to gain enough vocabulary to be able to expand their conversations.Before
long,the one-word stage will give way to the two-word stage and so on. Learning how to chat like an adult is
a gradual process.
But this potential answer also raises an even older and more difficult question.Adult immigrants who
learn a second language rarely achieve the same proficiency in a foreign language as the average child raised
as a native speaker. Researchers have long suspected there is a"critical period"for language development,
after which it cannot proceed with full success to fluency.Yet we still do not understand this critical period or
know why it ends.

What does the Harvard finding show?
A:Not all toddlers use babytalk.
B:Some children need more conversation than others.
C:Language learning takes place in ordered steps.
D:Not all brains work in the same way.

答案：C
解析：
本题是推理判断题。第二段意思是：通过把被收养的国际儿童作为实验对象，采取不 同的培训方法来解释儿童语言习得的特殊途径。故选D。
由文章第三段第二句话可知这些儿童开始学习英语时要比美国本土学说话的孩子年龄大。
由文章第三段后半部分可知，与美国本土唯呀学语的儿童相比，被收养的中国儿童的 语言发展在其最初开口所说的单词，学习语言的方法和开始造句的阶段都相同。由该段倒数 第二句话“The adoptees then went through the same stages as typical American-born children, though at a faster clip.”该句中at a faster clip意思是“以更快的速度”。由此可知他们学习语言 的速度比本土的孩子快。故选A。
文章第四段讲述了哈佛大学研究人员的实验结果表明儿童说话时只能使用儿童话语 是因为他们需要时间来获得更多的词汇从而扩展对话形式。而从儿童话语过渡到成人话语形 式是一个渐进的过程。从最后两句话“Before long , the one-word stage will give way to the two-word stage and so on.Learning how to chat like an adult is a gradual process.”可以看出选C。
由文章最后一段倒数第二句话“Researchers have long suspected there is a ' critical period ' for language development , after which it cannot proceed with full success to fluency.”可知 研究者猜想在人的语言发展过程中有一“关键期”，过了这一“关键期”，人的语言发展就不可 能达到流利的程度。故选C。

第3题：

回答下列各题 Adults are getting smarter about how smart babies are. Not long ago, researchers learned that4-day-old could understand 26______and subtraction. Now, British research psychologist Graham Schaferhas discovered that infants can learn words for uncommon things long before they can speak. He foundthat 9-month-old infants could be taught, through repeated show-and-tell, to 27______the names of objectsthat were foreign to them, a result that 28______in some ways the received wisdom that, apart from learningto29______ things common to their dally lives, children dont begin to build vocabulary until well into theirsecond year. "Its no 30______that children learn words, but the words they tend to know are words linkedto 31______situations in the home," explains Schafer. "This is the first demonstration that we can choosewhat words the children will learn and that they can respond to them with an unfamiliar voice 32______in anunfamiliar setting. " Figuring out how humans acquire language may 33______why some children learn to read and writelater than others, Schafer says, and could lead to better treatments for developmental problems. Whatsmore, the study of language 34______offers direct insight into how humans learn. "Language is a test casefor human cognitive development," says Schafer. But parents eager to teach their infants should takenote : even without being taught new words, a control group 35______the other infants within a few months."This is not about advancing development," he says. "Its just about what children can do at an earlierage than what educators have often thought. 第(26)题__________


正确答案：

addition

第4题：

Scientists who study the brain have found out a great deal about how we learn.They have_____21_____that babies learn much more from the sights and sounds around them than we_____22_____before.You can?help your baby by taking advantage of her hunger to learn.
From the_____23_____beginning,babies try to imitate the____24______they hear us make.They""read"the_____25_____on our faces and our movements.That is_____26_____it is so important to talk,sing and smile to?your child.Hearing you talk is your baby′s first_____27_____toward becoming a reader,because it_____28_____her?to love language and to learn words.
As your child grows older,_____29_____talking with her.Ask her about the things she does.Ask her?about the events and people in the story you_____30_____together.Let her know you are carefully_____31_____what she says.By keeping her in_____32_____and listening,you are_____33_____encouraging your child to think as?she speaks._____34_____,you are showing that you respect her knowledge and her ability to____35______learning.

第（22）题答案

A.did
B.hoped"
C.studied
D.thought

答案：D
解析：
【考情点拨】理解推断题。【应试指导】此句意为：他们发现婴儿从……学到的东西要远远多于我们原来所认为的（thought）。其他三项都不符合句意，故选D：

第5题：

共用题干
Language and Infants
How important is language to young children?Is language,like food,a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged?Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick Ⅱ in the thirteenth century it may be.Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue he told the nurses to keep silent.
Within the first year,all the infants died.People realized clearly in this case that there was more than deprivation of language._______(46)Without good mothering,in the first year of life especially,the capacity to survive is seriously affected.
Today no such cruel deprivation is allowed to exist that ordered by Frederick.Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the cues and signals of the infant,whose brain is programmed to mop up language rapidly.There are critical times,it seems,when children learn more readily._______(47)A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time,but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.
Linguists learn that speech milestones are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ (Intelligence Quotient).At twelve weeks a baby smiles and utters vowel-like sounds;at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands;at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words._______(48)
Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak.What is special about Man's brain,compared with that of the monkey,is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of,say,a teddy-bear with the sound pattern"teddy-bear"._______ (49)
But speech has to be triggered,and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child,where the mother recognizes the cues and signals in the child's babbling,clinging,grasping,crying,smiling,and responds to them._______(50)Sensitivity to the children's non-verbal cues is essential to the growth and development of language.

________（48）
A:At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences,and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.
B:What was missing was good mothering.
C:Lots of information about benefits of baby signing and best ways to go about it can be found.
D:Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals.
E:If these sensitive periods are neglected,the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again.
F:And even more incredible is the young brain's ability to pick out an order in language from the hubbub of sound around him,to analyze,to combine and recombine the parts of a language in novel ways.

答案：A
解析：
从第二段第二句得知，本题所填句陈述的内容要比剥夺语言更严重，其后一句提到了“没有了母亲般的呵护”，结合这两点，选项B没有母亲般的悉心照护，最符合题意，是正确答案。
此题上一句提到：看起来，确有某些关键时期，孩子们学起来更容易。此句应为上一句的进一步陈述。所以，选项A假如这段敏感的时期被忽视，获得技巧的理想时间过去了，他们可能就再也不会如此轻松地学到东西了，从反面进一步陈述了上一句的内容，所以选项E是正确答案。
该空前文提到了孩子年龄和语言学习之间的关系。该空应该延续这一话题。选项A3岁的孩子懂得1 000个单词，并且能够组成句子；到了4岁时，孩子的语言与其父母的语言在风格上而不是在语法上有所差异，正是对前文所述内容的延续，所以选项F是正确答案。
该空前文提到人脑的特别之处，该空内容是该话题的延伸介绍。选项D 甚至更加不可思议的是，幼小的脑子能从周围的喧嚣声中听出语言表达的某种命令，用种种新奇的方式对某个语言的成分进行分析、组合以及重新组合，是对该话题的延伸介绍。所以，选项F是正确答案。
最后一段的主题句是：But speech has to be triggered, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child，但是说话需要激发。这得靠母亲和孩子的互动。该空前一句从正面阐述了这一观点：母亲要善于从孩子的申申呀呀中以及依偎、抓、哭、笑中辫别出不同含义和信号，并且做出反应。选项D母亲对孩子的上述信号持冷漠态度会减弱这种相互作用，因为孩子会扫兴，而只发出明显的信号，从反面阐述了孩子和母亲之间的互相影响，是正确答案。

第6题：

共用题干
第一篇

Why Don ' t Babies Talk Like Adults?

Over the past half-century,scientists have settled on two reasonable theories related to babytalk.One
states that a young child's brain needs time to master language,in the same way that it does to master other
abilities such as physical movement. The second theory states that a child's vocabulary level is the key fac-
tor. According to this theory,some key steps have to occur in a logical sequence before sentence formation
occurs.Children's mathematical knowledge develops in the same way.
In 2007,researchers at Harvard University,who were studying the two theories,found a clever way to
test them.More than 20,000 internationally adopted children enter the U.S.each year. Many of them no lon-
ger hear their birth language after they arrive,and they must learn English more or less the same way infants
do一that is,by listening and by trial and error. International adoptees don't take classes or use a dictionary
when they are learning their new tongue and most of them don't have a well-developed first language.All of
these factors make them an ideal population in which to test these competing hypotheses about how language
is learned.
Neuroscientists Jesse Snedeker,Joy Geren and Carissa Shafto studied the language development of 27
children adopted from China between the ages of two and five years.These children began learning English
at an older age than US natives and had more mature brains with which to tackle the task.Even so,just as
with American-born infants,their first English sentences consisted of single words and were largely bereft（缺
乏的）of function words , word endings and verbs. The adoptees then went through the same stages as typical
American-born children,though at a faster clip.The adoptees and native children started combining words in
sentences when their vocabulary reached the same sizes,further suggesting that what matters is not how old
you are or how mature your brain is,but the number of words you know.
This finding一that having more mature brains did not help the adoptees avoid the toddler-talk stage一
suggests that babies speak in babytalk not because they have baby brains,but because they have only just
started learning and need time to gain enough vocabulary to be able to expand their conversations.Before
long,the one-word stage will give way to the two-word stage and so on. Learning how to chat like an adult is
a gradual process.
But this potential answer also raises an even older and more difficult question.Adult immigrants who
learn a second language rarely achieve the same proficiency in a foreign language as the average child raised
as a native speaker. Researchers have long suspected there is a"critical period"for language development,
after which it cannot proceed with full success to fluency.Yet we still do not understand this critical period or
know why it ends.

When the writer says"critical period",he means a period when________.
A:studies produce useful results
B:adults need to be taught like children
C:language learning takes place effectively
D:immigrants want to learn another language

答案：C
解析：
本题是推理判断题。第二段意思是：通过把被收养的国际儿童作为实验对象，采取不 同的培训方法来解释儿童语言习得的特殊途径。故选D。
由文章第三段第二句话可知这些儿童开始学习英语时要比美国本土学说话的孩子年龄大。
由文章第三段后半部分可知，与美国本土唯呀学语的儿童相比，被收养的中国儿童的 语言发展在其最初开口所说的单词，学习语言的方法和开始造句的阶段都相同。由该段倒数 第二句话“The adoptees then went through the same stages as typical American-born children, though at a faster clip.”该句中at a faster clip意思是“以更快的速度”。由此可知他们学习语言 的速度比本土的孩子快。故选A。
文章第四段讲述了哈佛大学研究人员的实验结果表明儿童说话时只能使用儿童话语 是因为他们需要时间来获得更多的词汇从而扩展对话形式。而从儿童话语过渡到成人话语形 式是一个渐进的过程。从最后两句话“Before long , the one-word stage will give way to the two-word stage and so on.Learning how to chat like an adult is a gradual process.”可以看出选C。
由文章最后一段倒数第二句话“Researchers have long suspected there is a ' critical period ' for language development , after which it cannot proceed with full success to fluency.”可知 研究者猜想在人的语言发展过程中有一“关键期”，过了这一“关键期”，人的语言发展就不可 能达到流利的程度。故选C。

第7题：

共用题干
第一篇

Why Don ' t Babies Talk Like Adults?

Over the past half-century,scientists have settled on two reasonable theories related to babytalk.One
states that a young child's brain needs time to master language,in the same way that it does to master other
abilities such as physical movement. The second theory states that a child's vocabulary level is the key fac-
tor. According to this theory,some key steps have to occur in a logical sequence before sentence formation
occurs.Children's mathematical knowledge develops in the same way.
In 2007,researchers at Harvard University,who were studying the two theories,found a clever way to
test them.More than 20,000 internationally adopted children enter the U.S.each year. Many of them no lon-
ger hear their birth language after they arrive,and they must learn English more or less the same way infants
do一that is,by listening and by trial and error. International adoptees don't take classes or use a dictionary
when they are learning their new tongue and most of them don't have a well-developed first language.All of
these factors make them an ideal population in which to test these competing hypotheses about how language
is learned.
Neuroscientists Jesse Snedeker,Joy Geren and Carissa Shafto studied the language development of 27
children adopted from China between the ages of two and five years.These children began learning English
at an older age than US natives and had more mature brains with which to tackle the task.Even so,just as
with American-born infants,their first English sentences consisted of single words and were largely bereft（缺
乏的）of function words , word endings and verbs. The adoptees then went through the same stages as typical
American-born children,though at a faster clip.The adoptees and native children started combining words in
sentences when their vocabulary reached the same sizes,further suggesting that what matters is not how old
you are or how mature your brain is,but the number of words you know.
This finding一that having more mature brains did not help the adoptees avoid the toddler-talk stage一
suggests that babies speak in babytalk not because they have baby brains,but because they have only just
started learning and need time to gain enough vocabulary to be able to expand their conversations.Before
long,the one-word stage will give way to the two-word stage and so on. Learning how to chat like an adult is
a gradual process.
But this potential answer also raises an even older and more difficult question.Adult immigrants who
learn a second language rarely achieve the same proficiency in a foreign language as the average child raised
as a native speaker. Researchers have long suspected there is a"critical period"for language development,
after which it cannot proceed with full success to fluency.Yet we still do not understand this critical period or
know why it ends.

What aspect of the adopted children's language development differed from that of US-born children?
A:The rate at which they acquired language.
B:Their first words.
C:The way they learnt English.
D:The point at which they started producing sentences.

答案：A
解析：
本题是推理判断题。第二段意思是：通过把被收养的国际儿童作为实验对象，采取不 同的培训方法来解释儿童语言习得的特殊途径。故选D。
由文章第三段第二句话可知这些儿童开始学习英语时要比美国本土学说话的孩子年龄大。
由文章第三段后半部分可知，与美国本土唯呀学语的儿童相比，被收养的中国儿童的 语言发展在其最初开口所说的单词，学习语言的方法和开始造句的阶段都相同。由该段倒数 第二句话“The adoptees then went through the same stages as typical American-born children, though at a faster clip.”该句中at a faster clip意思是“以更快的速度”。由此可知他们学习语言 的速度比本土的孩子快。故选A。
文章第四段讲述了哈佛大学研究人员的实验结果表明儿童说话时只能使用儿童话语 是因为他们需要时间来获得更多的词汇从而扩展对话形式。而从儿童话语过渡到成人话语形 式是一个渐进的过程。从最后两句话“Before long , the one-word stage will give way to the two-word stage and so on.Learning how to chat like an adult is a gradual process.”可以看出选C。
由文章最后一段倒数第二句话“Researchers have long suspected there is a ' critical period ' for language development , after which it cannot proceed with full success to fluency.”可知 研究者猜想在人的语言发展过程中有一“关键期”，过了这一“关键期”，人的语言发展就不可 能达到流利的程度。故选C。

第8题：

_____answers such questions as how we as infants acquire our first language.

A.Psycholinguistics
B.Anthropological linguistics
C.Sociolinguistics
D.Applied linguistics

答案：A
解析：
本题考查心理语言学的定义。
A选项，心理语言学，它研究儿童如何习得母语，人类运用语言时，大脑如何工作。交流过程中人类如何处理接收到的信息。综上，A选项正确。
B选项，人类语言学，故排除。
C选项，社会语言学，故排除。
D选项，应用语言学，故排除。
故正确答案为A。

第9题：

Scientists who study the brain have found out a great deal about how we learn.They have_____21_____that babies learn much more from the sights and sounds around them than we_____22_____before.You can?help your baby by taking advantage of her hunger to learn.
From the_____23_____beginning,babies try to imitate the____24______they hear us make.They""read"the_____25_____on our faces and our movements.That is_____26_____it is so important to talk,sing and smile to?your child.Hearing you talk is your baby′s first_____27_____toward becoming a reader,because it_____28_____her?to love language and to learn words.
As your child grows older,_____29_____talking with her.Ask her about the things she does.Ask her?about the events and people in the story you_____30_____together.Let her know you are carefully_____31_____what she says.By keeping her in_____32_____and listening,you are_____33_____encouraging your child to think as?she speaks._____34_____,you are showing that you respect her knowledge and her ability to____35______learning.

第（24）题答案

A.efforts
B.faces
C.sounds
D.stories

答案：C
解析：
【考情点拔l理解推断题。【应试指导】由后面的hear可知，婴儿模仿的应该是他们所听到的声音。故选C。

第10题：

共用题干
Easy Learning

Students should be jealous.Not only do babies get to doze their days away,but they've also
mastered the fine art of learning in their sleep.
By the time babies are a year old they can recognize a lot of sounds and even simple words. Marie Cheour at the university of Turku in Finland suspected that they might progress this fast be-cause they learn language while they sleep as well as when they are awake.
To test the theory,Cheour and their colleagues studied 45 newborn babies in the first days of their lives.They exposed all the infants to an hour of Finnish vowel sounds一one that sounds like "oo",another like"ee"and a third boundary vowel peculiar to Finnish and similar languages that sounds like something in between.EEG recording of the infants brains before and after the session showed that the newborns could not distinguish the sounds.
Fifteen of the babies then went back with their mothers,while the rest were split into two sleepstudy groups.One group was exposed throughout their night-time sleeping hours to the same three vowels,while the others listened to the other,easier-to-distinguish vowel sounds.
When tested in the morning,and again in the evening,the babies who'd heard the tricky boundary vowels all night showed brainwave activity indicating that they could now recognize this sound.They could identify the sound even when its pitch was changed,while none of the other babies could pick up the boundary vowel at all.
Cheour doesn't know how babies accomplish this night-time learning,but she suspects that the special ability might indicate that unlike adults,babies don't"turn off" their cerebral cortex while they sleep.The skill probably fades in the course of the first years of life,she add一so forget the idea that you can pick up the tricky French vowels as an adult just by slipping a language tape under your pillow. But while it may not help grown-ups,Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give remedial help to babies who are genetically at risk of language disorders.

The study shows that the infant's cerebral cortex is working while he is asleep.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned

答案：A
解析：
相关信息在第一段：Students should be jealous.Not only do babies get to doze their days away, but they've also mastered the fine art of learning in their sleep．学生们应该感到嫉妒。婴儿们不仅整天睡觉，而且他们还能在睡眠中掌握学习的艺术。not only...but also...= not only...but…意思是“不但······而且······”。
第二段第一句提到：By the time babies are a year old they can recognize a lot of sounds and even simple words.但不是题目句中的vowels（元音）。之后也没有相关信息。因此该信息文中没有提到。
文中没有提到芬兰元音是否容易区分，因此该题的答案为“没提到”。
短文第三段第二句说：They exposed all the infants to an hour of Finnish vowel sounds一one that sounds like"oo",another like"ee"and a third boundary vowel peculiar to Finnish…因此题干的说法是正确的。
第六段第一句说：Cheour doesn't know how babies accomplish this night-time learning,but she suspects that the special ability might indicate that unlike adults,babies don't " turn off" their cerebral cortex while they sleep.该句在语意上和题干一致，因此题干的说法正确。
第六段第二句说：The skill probably fades in the course of the first years of life,she adds一so forget the idea that you can pick up the tricky French vowels as an adult just by slipping（塞入）a language tape under your pillow.该句在内容上与题干内容相反，因此题干的说法错误。
借助常识可判断该题的说法错误：文章中通常不会提出没有用的东西来浪费读者的时间。在文章最后部分，也可以找到答案相关句：But while it may not help grown-ups,Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give remedial help to babies who are genetically at risk of language disorders.it指带前句中的the skill，即the night-time-learning( Cheour发现的内容），该句内容与题干内容不一致，因此题干的说法错误。

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