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问答题Practice 9　　In the United States most people are simultaneously consumers and producers; they are also voters who help influence the decisions of the government. The mixture among consumers, producers and government changes constantly, making a dynamic

题目
问答题
Practice 9　　In the United States most people are simultaneously consumers and producers; they are also voters who help influence the decisions of the government. The mixture among consumers, producers and government changes constantly, making a dynamic rather than a static economy. In the last decade consumers have made their concern known and government has responded by creating agencies to protect consumer interests and promote the general public welfare. In another development, the population and the labor force have moved dramatically from farms to cities, from the fields to the factories, and above all to service industries, thus providing more personal and public services. In today's economy these providers of services far outnumber producers of agricultural and manufactured goods.　　Generally, there are three kinds of businesses: (1) those started and managed personally by single owners or single entrepreneurs; (2) the partnership where two or more people share the risks and rewards of a business, and (3) the corporation where shareholders as owners can buy and sell their shares at any time on the open market. This latter structure, by far the most important, permits the amassing of large sums of money by combining investment of many people, making possible large-scale enterprises.
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相似问题和答案

第1题：

You should be confident with our products, _______?enjoys a high prestige among the consumers.

A what ;

B that ;

C which


参考答案:C

第2题：

Most Americans find the idea of arranged marriages difficult to understand or accept.They believe that two people should marry for love, after a period of dating or courtship.During that period, the prospective marriage partners are supposed to learn enough about each other to decide whether or not they will be able to build a successful marriage.Today in America, it is common for people to live together as a way of preparing for marriage.The idea of an arranged marriage seems very old-fashioned indeed.But aren't all marriages arranged in one way or another? In the United States marriages are seldom formally arranged, but quite a lot of informal arranging goes on before two people become husband and wife.People who get married are introduced to each other by friends.These friends have already decided that the two people are right for each other and arrange for them to meet.In the United States this kind of arrangement is very common.Because friends have such great influence, their approval of a dating partner is very important.Families also exert open and subtle pressures on their children to influence their choices of marriage partners.Parents often arrange dates for their own children.One parent often tells a friend about her beautiful daughter or handsome son.Also, parents can meet the perfect marriage prospect for their son or daughter through business relationships.Since parents often assist their children financially, they feel that they have the right to help the bride and groom select where they will live, what type of furniture they will purchase, and what their life-style. will be like.

1.Most Americans think that arranged marriages are().

A.understandable

B.acceptable

C.unavoidable

D.old fashioned

2.According to this passage, the prospective marriage partners().

A.often write to each other

B.often attend formal parties together

C.often meet each other

D.often discuss problems together

3.Which of the flowing is TRUE according to this passage?()

A.Marriages are usually arranged by parents in America.

B.No arranging goes on before two people get married.

C.Only one formal arrangement takes place before two people get married.

D.There are usually a lot of informal arrangements before two people get married.

4.Which of the following is NOT true?()

A.Parents often try to influence their children's marriages.

B.Open arranged marriages are unusual in the U.S.

C.Friends sometimes play some role in getting two people together who may get married later.

D.Parents never care much about their children's marriages.

5.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?()

A.Social class has much influence on marriages.

B.Nationality has much influence on marriages.

C.Knowledge has much influence on marriages.

D.Age has much influence on marriages.


参考答案：DCDDA

第3题：

Physical distribution means the physical movement of merchandise from the producers to the middlemen and finally to the consumers.()

此题为判断题(对，错)。


正确答案:√

第4题：

共用题干
Prolonging Human Life
Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive
today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago.Because
more people live longer,there are more people around at any given time. In fact,it is a decrease in death rates,not an increase in birthrates,that has led to the population explosion.
Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies,people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures,old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine,infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies,people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work;we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement,some-body else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people;unless they have wealth or private or government insur-ance,they must often“go on welfare” if they have a serious illness.
When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves,they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures,they would be cared for at home until they died. Today,with most members of a household working or in school,there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need,a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built.These are of-ten profit-making organizations,although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups.While a few of these institutions are good,most of them are simply“dumping grounds”for the dying in which“care”is given by poorly paid,overworked,and under-skilled personnel.

According to the passage,which of the following statements about retired people in the United States is true?
A: Many of them have a very hard life.
B: They cannot live a decent life without enough bank savings.
C: They rely mainly on their children for financial support.
D: Most of them live with their children and therefore are well looked after.

答案：A
解析：
题干意为“作者认为造成人口爆炸的原因是什么？”利用题干中的细节信息短语population explosion作为定位线索，在第一段中找到相关句：In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion．该句意为 “事实上，是由于死亡率的下降，而不是出生率的上升，导致了人口爆炸”。因此，C项“死亡率的下降”是正确答案。
题干意为“从短文中可以推断出狩猎和以采集为生的时代……”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语hunting和gathering cultures作为定位线索，在第二段中找到相关句： In hunting and gathering cultures,old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine,infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another child．相关句意为 “在以狩猎和采集为生的时代，不能跟上其他人的老人会被甩在后面，任他死去。在饥荒时，人们会放任婴儿死亡，因为如果他们的父母饿死了，他们也无法生存，而如果父母生存下来可重新生儿育女”。因此，B项“遇到饥荒时，人们会放任婴儿死亡”是正确的答案。
题干意为“依据短文内容来看，关于美国退休人员的陈述下面哪个选项正确？”利用题干中的细节信息短语retired people和the United States作为定位线索，在第二 段中找到相关句：In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty．该句提到“在美国，许多退休人员依靠社会保障金生活，其数额非常微薄，使得他们几乎挣扎于贫困的边缘”，由此可知在美国许多退休人员的生活是很艰难的。这正是选项A表达的意思，因而A项“许多人生活艰难”是正确的答案。
题干意为“在第三段中，‘this need’…”。该题属于词汇题中的语篇衔接词 题。首先找到“this need”所在的句子：To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. “this need”应该回指上文中具体提到的需要，因此关 注上文，首先关注该句的前一句：Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person．该句意为“当今，由于家庭中大多数人都出去工作或上学，家里常常没有人来照顾有病或身体虚弱的人”。由此可知上文中提到的需要是“照顾有病的和身体虚弱的人”，因此答案为D项“需要照顾有病的和身体虚弱的人”。
题干意为“下面哪个选项能最恰当地描述作者对养老院和康复医院的态度？”该题属于主旨题，通常短文主题会在短文开头及/或短文结尾处有明确体现，因此首先关 注短文结尾处的句子：...most of them are simply “dumping grounds” for the dying in which“care” is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under-skilled personnel．该句提到“大多数机构只不过是丢弃垂死的人的‘垃饭场’，所谓的‘照顾’都是由收入低、超量工作、技术水平低下的人员提供的”。从作者的用词中可以看出作者在对包括养老院和康复医院的大多数机构持批评的态度，因此答案为D项“批评性的”。

第5题：

共用题干
第三篇

In the early days of the United States,postal charges were paid by the recipient and charges varied with the distance carried.In 1825,the United States Congress permitted local postmasters to give letters to mail carriers for home delivery,but these carriers received no government salary and their entire compensation depended on what they were paid by the recipients of individual letters.In 1847,the United States Post Office Department adopted the idea of a postage stamp,which of course simplified the payment for postal service but caused grumbling by those who did not like to prepay.
Besides,the stamp covered only delivery to the post office and did not include carrying it to a private address.In Philadelphia,for example,with a population of 150,000,people still had to go to the post office to get their mail.The confusion and congestion of individual citizens looking for their letters was itself enough to discourage use of the mail.It is no wonder that,during the years of these cumbersome arrangements,private letter-carrying and express businesses developed.Although their activities were only semi-legal,they thrived and actually advertised that between Boston and Philadelphia they were half-day speedier than the government mail.The government postal service lost volume to private competition and was not able to handle efficiently even the business it had. Finally,in 1863,Congress provided that the mail carriers who delivered the mail from the post offices to private addresses should receive a government salary,and that there should be no extra charge for that delivery.But this delivery service was at first confined to cities,and free home delivery became a sign of urbanization.In 1890,of the 75 million people in the United States,fewer than 20 million had mail delivered free to their doors.The rest,nearly three quarters of the population,still received no mail unless they went to their post office.

Which of the following statements about free home delivery in the United States of the late 19th century is not true?
A:Mail carriers got paid by recipients.
B:Mail carriers got paid by government.
C:Most people still went to post office to get mails.
D:Only people living in big cities could have the service.

答案：A
解析：
本题是综合理解能力考查题。题目是：以下哪项是文章的主要内容？ 选项A“政府邮政系统的发展”，选项B“私人邮政服务的增长”，选项C"邮票的历史”，选项D “城市和乡村邮政服务对比”。通观全文可知答案选A。
本题是细节考查题。题目是：以下哪一点是邮票的不足之处？原文提，到 “在1847年，美国邮政部门开始使用邮票，这样会简化邮资问题，但也遭到那些不愿预付邮费的人的抱怨”。因此答案选A。
本题是细节考查题。题目是：cumbersome一词在文中的意思是什么？根据上下文，原文提到“难怪在多年不方便的邮政服务中，私人邮件和快递迅速发展”。因此答案选C。
本题是细节考查题。题目是：以下哪一项是私人邮政优于政府邮政服务的方面？原文提到“从波士顿到费城，它们寄送的邮件速度要比政府寄送的时间快半天”。因此答案选B。
本题是细节考查题。题目是：以下哪项对19世纪末美国免费送信上门的服务描述不正确？原文涉及的内容是“最后在1863年，国会规定谁把邮件从当地邮局递送给市民将得到政府的工资，同时不再有额外收费。但是这种邮政服务最初仅局限于城市，免费送货上门成为城市化标志之一”。因此答案选A。

第6题：

() serve as the media between producers and retailers, or producers and wholesalers.

A.Producers

B.Retailers

C.Wholesalers

D.The government


正确答案: C

第7题：

In the 9th century during the Song Dynasty, people used ______to substitute metal coins for the convenience of their credited consumers.

A、the paper currency

B、shells

C、bartered goods

D、weapons


参考答案：A

第8题：

A

Weather has a great influence(影响) on people．It influences people's health, intelligence (智力) and feelings．

In August, it is very hot and wet in the southern part of the United States．People there have heart disease and other kinds of health problems during this month． In the Northeast and Middle West, it is very hot at some times and very cold at other times．People in these places may have heart disease after the weather changes in February or March．

The weather can also influence intelligence． For example, in a 1982 study by scientists, the in scores of a group of students were very high during a storm, but after the storm their IQ scores were lower than usual level． So storms can increase intelligence．However, very hot weather can lower it． Students in the United States often do badly on exams in the hot months of the year．

Weather also has a strong influence on people's feelings．Winter may be a bad time for thin people．They usually feel cold during these months and they may feel unhappy during cold weather． In hot summer weather, on the other hand, fat people may feel unhappy． The sum- mer heat may make them tired and they are easy to get angry．

( )21．lf thin people feel unhappy, the weather may be very _________．

A．warm

B． cold

C． cool

D． hot


正确答案：B
．21.B【解析】由第四段二、三句可知。

第9题：

共用题干
The World's Best-Selling Medicine
Since ancient times,people all over the world have used willow to stop pain. The willow tree contains salicylic acid（水杨酸）.This stops pain, but there is one problem. Salicylic acid also hurts the stomach. In 1853,a French scientist made a mixture from willow that did not hurt the stomach.
However,his mixture was difficult to make,and he did not try to produce or sell it.
In 1897,in Germany,Felix Hoffmann also made a mixture with salicylic acid. He tried it himself first and then gave it to his father because his father was old and in a lot of pain.
His father's pain went away,and the mixture did not hurt his stomach.
Hoffmann worked for Bayer,a German company. He showed his new drug to his manager,who tested the drug and found that it worked well.Bayer decided to make the drug.
They called it aspirin and put the Bayer name on every pill.
Aspirin was an immediate success. Almost everyone has pain of some kind,so aspirin answered a true need. Aspirin was cheap,easy to take,and effective. It also lowered fevers.
Aspirin was a wonder drug.
At first,Bayer sold the drug through doctors,who then sold it to their patients. In 1915,the company started to sell aspirin in drugstores.In the United States,Bayer had a patent（专利权）on the drug. Other companies could make similar products and sell them in other countries,but only bayer could make and sell aspirin in the United States.In time,Bayer could no longer own the name aspirin in the United States. Other companies could make it there,too.However,Bayer aspirin was the most well known,and for many years,it was the market leader.
By the 1950s,new painkillers were on the market. Aspirin was no longer the only way to treat pain and reduce fever. Bayer and other companies looked for other drugs to make.However,in the l970s they got a surprise. Doctors noticed that patients who were taking aspirin had fewer heart attacks than other people. A British researcher named John Vane found the reason aspirin helped to prevent heart attacks.In 1982,he won the Nobel prize for his research. Doctors started to tell some of their patients to take aspirin every day to prevent heart attacks.It has made life better for the many people who take it. It has also made a lot of mon-ey for companies like Bayer that produce and sell it!

Bayer started making aspirin because______.
A: it helped prevent heart attacks
B: other companies were making it
C: it worked well in stopping pain
D: the manager was a scientist

答案：C
解析：
题干意为“为什么法国科学家没有继续制造止痛药？”因为它很难制作。短文第一段最后两句提到“1853年，法国的一位科学家以柳树为原料制成了一种混合物，这种混合物不伤胃。然而这种混合物很难制造，他没有试着生产和销售”，故选D。
题干意为“为什么霍夫曼一直在寻找一种止痛药？”他父亲处于痛苦之中。短文第二段前两句提到“1897年，德国的霍夫曼也用水杨酸制成了一种混合物。他先在自己身上尝试，然后给自己的父亲用，因为他父亲年纪大了并且处在痛苦中”，故选B。
题干意为“拜耳开始生产阿司匹林因为它能有效止痛。”短文第三段前三句提到“霍夫曼在德国的拜耳公司工作，他将自己的新药拿给经理，经理测试了新药，发现它非常有效，于是拜耳决定生产这种药”，故选C。
题干意为“拜耳的阿司匹林是最早在美国销售的阿司匹林。”短文倒数第二段第三句提到，“在美国拜耳有药物的专利权，只有拜耳可以在美国制造和销售阿司匹林，最后，拜耳在美国不但单独拥有阿司匹林，其他公司也可以在那里制造。但是，拜耳的阿司匹林 一直是最出名的，多年来一直是市场领导者”，故选B。
题干意为“市场上出现新的止痛药之后，阿司匹林结局如何？”它的新用途被发现。短文最后一段第五句提到“医生们注意到，服用阿司匹林的病人比其他人得心脏病的几率要小”，故选C。

第10题：

资料：Word of Mouth promotion is based on the principle of pull marketing.
Word of mouth （WOM） promotion is based on the principle of pull marketing. It relies on the transmission of a positive marketing message from person to person through conversation or a personal communication such as email or text message. Pull marketing gets consumers to bring other consumers to the product. In contrast, push marketing uses above-the-line promotional techniques to put products in front of consumers in order to generate sales.
Red Bull extensively uses pull marketing. This approach involves getting consumers excited about the product and conveying this excitement to their family and friends. It is also about trying to get coverage of Red Bull events in the press. This coverage can encourage consumers to find out more about the product. It helps to generate momentum, through creating interesting stories for people to talk about, which in turn help to create brand awareness and grow sales.
The founder of Red Bull used pull marketing to promote his original product in the 1980s. He hired a Red Bull Wings Team to go out and talk to people one-to-one about the product. This helps to create consumer interest in the product. As people experience the drink and appreciate its qualities, they become advocates for the brand. They share their opinions with other consumers when they talk with friends. The promotion therefore creates a ripple effect.

What may discourage the consumers to introduce the product to others?

A.that the customers don't enjoy the drink.
B.that the campaign is made regularly.
C.that the customers always see the coverage of the company in magazines.
D.all above

答案：A
解析：
本题考查的是细节理解。
【关键词】What; may discourage the consumers ; to introduce to others
【主题句】第3自然段As people experience the drink and appreciate its qualities, they become advocates for the brand. 当人们体验到这种饮料并欣赏它的品质时，他们就成为了这个品牌的代言人。
【解析】本题的问题是“什么会阻止消费者把产品介绍给别人呢？”。选项A意为“顾客不喜欢这种饮料”；选项B意为“这个活动定期进行”；选项C意为“顾客总是在杂志上看到公司的报道”；选项D意为“上述所有”。根据主题句可知，人们喜欢这种饮料的时候才会介绍给别人，反之，不喜欢的话就不会介绍给别人，故选A。

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