Frontotemporal dementia is a disease[ A] identified with loss of memory.[ B] causing damage to certain parts of the brain.[ C] whose patients may develop new talents.[ D] whose symptoms are similar to those of Alzheimer's patients.

题目

Frontotemporal dementia is a disease

[ A] identified with loss of memory.

[ B] causing damage to certain parts of the brain.

[ C] whose patients may develop new talents.

[ D] whose symptoms are similar to those of Alzheimer's patients.

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相似问题和答案

第1题：

Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder whose main symptom is excessive, overriding sleepiness. A victim can fall asleep anytime, anywhere, even in the most circumstances. And there is no cure. “Having narcolepsy,” says Bill, “is like always being as sleepy as a normal person might be after staying awake three days.”
It is estimated that a quarter million Americans have narcolepsy, mostly undiagnosed. This is because, in a physical exam,a doctor may not find anything wrong with a narcoleptic person. It may take years, and visits to several doctors, before a narcoleptic discovers the name of his problem. Researchers now believe that the disease is triggered by a chemical imbalance in the part of the brain that controls wakefulness. Initial symptoms may also include a sudden loss if muscle tone brought on by an intense emotion--anything from anger to laughter. Some narcoleptics hallucinate or develop sleep paralysis, which is the feeling during the lighter stages of sleep of being completely unable to move or talk. The prognosis for a patient with narcolepsy isn’t good. Narcoleptics have the disease all their lives, and many cannot hold down a job or lead a normal life. Some narcoleptics take daily doses of prescribed drugs like Dexedrine --”uppers”--to stay awake lone enough to function. The problem of narcolepsy is being studied now, and someday there may be a cure. But current sufferers must endure an existence, that is, as one woman said, “like walking through glue.”
All of the following symptoms of narcolepsy are true EXCEPT（）

A. a sudden loss of muscle tone
B. an intense emotion of anger or laughter
C. a feeling of being unable to move or talk
D. excessive sleepiness

答案：B

解析：

第2题：

共用题干
Parkinson's Disease

1 Parkinson's disease affects the way you move.It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve
cells in the brain. Normally , these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine（多巴胺）. Dopa-
mine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement.It lets your muscles move smoothly and
do what you want them to do.When you have Parkinson's,these nerve cells break down.Then you no longer
have enough dopamine,and you have trouble moving the way you want to.
2 No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down.But scientists are doing a lot of re-
search to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes,including aging and poisons in the en-
vironment.Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson's disease in some people.But so far,there is not enough
proof to show that it is always inherited.
3 Tremor（颤抖）may be the first symptom you notice.It is one of the most common signs of the
disease,although not everyone has it.Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the
body.It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg. It may get better when you
move the limb or when you are asleep.In time,Parkinson's affects muscles all through your body,so it can
lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation（便秘）.In the later stages of the disease , a person
with Parkinson's may have a fixed or blank expression,trouble speaking,and other problems.Some people
also have a decrease in mental skills.
4 At this time,there is no cure for Parkinson's disease.But there are several types of medicines that
can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with.You may not even need treatment if your
symptoms are mild.Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in the way of
your daily life.Your doctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse.You may need to take
several medicines to get the best results.

You'll find it hard to move the way you want to__________.
A:what affects muscles all through your body
B:if there isn't enough dopamine in your body
C:which cannot be cured yet
D:which may be the first symptom you notice
E:if you have a fixed or blank expression
F: what causes Parkinson's disease

答案：B

解析：

即帕金森综合征的定义。本段的中心意思是什么是帕金森综合征。
即导致疾病产生的可能的原因。本段主要探讨的是这种疾病发生的原因。
即疾病的典型症状。本段讲的是帕金森综合征的一些典型的病症，如颤抖、吞咽困难和便秘等等。
即通常的治疗方法。从本段可知，虽然帕金森综合征还不能治愈，但是可以通过几种药物控制患者的病症。
即如果没有足够的多巴胺你会发现自己难以随心所欲地行动。根据第一段最后一句 "Then you no longer have enough dopamine,and you have trouble moving the way you want to.”可知，本题应选B。
即科学家做了很多研究试图发现导致帕金森综合征的原因。从第二段第一句“No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down.”可知，本题应选F。
即帕金森病最常见的病症是颤抖，它可能是你发现的第一个症状。从第三段第一句 " Tremor (颤抖）may be the first symptom you notice.”可知，本题应选D。
患帕金森综合征的人必须学会带着这种病生活，因为现在人们还无法治愈它，从最后一段第一句“At this time , there is no cure for Parkinson's disease.”可知，本题应选C。

第3题：

Text 2

William Shakespeare described old age as" second childishness"-no teeth, no eyes, no taste. In the case of taste he may, musically speaking, have been more perceptive than he realised. A paper in Neurology by Giovanni Frisoni and his colleagues at the National Centre for Research and Care of Alzheimers's Disease in Italy, shows that frontotemporal dementia can affect musical desires in ways that suggest a regression ,if not to infancy,then at least to a patient's teens.

Frontotemporal dementia, a disease usually found with old people, is caused, as its name suggests,by damage to the front and sides of the brain. These regions are concerned with speech, and with such"higher"functions as abstract thinking and judgment.

Two of such patients intrigued Dr Frisoni. One was a 68-year-old lawyer, the other a 73-year- old housewife. Both had undamaged memories, but displayed the sorts of defect associated with frontotemporal dementia-a diagnosis that was confrrmed by brain scanning.

About two years after he was first diagnosed, the lawyer, once a classical music lover who re-ferred to pop music as"mere noise" , started listening to the Italian pop band "883". As his command of language and his emotional attachments to friends and family deteriorated, he continued to listen to the band at full volume for many hours a day. The housewife had not even had the lawyer's love of classical music, having never enjoyed music of any sort in the past. But about a year after her diagnosis she became very interested in the songs that her ll-year-old granddaughter was listen ing to.

This kind of change in musical taste was not seen in any of the Alzheimer's patients, and thus appears to be specific to those with frontotemporal dementia. And other studies have remarked on how frontotemporal-dementia patients sometimes gain new talents. Five sufferers who developed artistic abilities are known. And in another case, one woman with the disease suddenly started composing and singing country and western songs.

Dr Frisoni speculates that the illness is causing people to develop a new attitude towards novel experiences, Previous studies of novelty-seeking behaviour suggest that it is managed by the brain'sright frontal lobe. A predominance of the right over the left frontal lobe, caused by damage to the

latter,might thus lead to a quest for new experience. Alternatively, the damage may have affected

some specific nervous system that is needed to appreciate certain kinds of music. Whether that is a

gain or a loss is a different matter. As Dr Frisoni puts it in his article, there is no accounting for

taste.

46. The writer quotes Shakespeare mainly to

[A] praise the keen perception of the great English writer.

[B] support Dr. Frisoni 's theory about a disease.

[C] start the discussion on a brain disease.

[D] show the long history of the disease.

正确答案：C
Text 2 参考译文威廉莎士比亚把老年阶段比作“第二次孩子气”——没有牙，视力差，失去味觉。在音乐的品位上，可能变化比老年人意识到的更加灵敏。意大利国家阿尔茨海默氏病研究和护理中心的乔瓦尼，弗里索尼以及他的同事们在神经病学杂志上发表的一篇论文表明，额颞痴呆可以在某种程度上引起音乐品味的退化，即便不是退到婴儿期，也至少会退到病人十几岁时。额颞痴呆症常见于老年人，正如其名字所暗示的，这种病是由大脑前面和侧面的损坏引起的。这些区域都与言语有关，并控制“比较高级” 的功能，如抽象思维和判断力。两位病患引起了弗里索尼医生的好奇。一位是68岁的律师，另一位是73岁的家庭主妇。两位的记忆都没有受损，但是他们都表现出了某些与额颞痴呆有关的缺陷——这项诊断通过大脑扫描已得到证实。这位律师曾经是古典音乐爱好者，把流行音乐比作“纯粹的噪音”，但是在他的病首次确诊后两年，他开始听意大利流行乐队“883”的歌。随着他掌握语言的能力退化以及他跟朋友以及家人关系的恶化，他每天将音量放到最大，持续听“883”乐队的歌达数小时。那住家庭主妇过去并没有律师那样的对古典音乐的热爱，甚至过去没有欣赏过任何类型的音乐。但是在她确诊一年后，她开始对她11岁孙女所听的歌非常感兴歌曲。阿尔茨海默氏病患并没有出现这种音乐品味的变化，仅仅是那些患有额颞痴呆的病患有这样的症状。还有一些研究表明额颞痴呆症患者有时候能获得新的才能。其他研究发现有五个患者发展了艺术上的才能。在另外一个案例中，一位女性患者突然开始作曲并演唱乡村和西部歌曲。弗里索尼医生推测这种疾病能引发人们对新体验的全新态度。之前一些研究表明，这种对新奇事物追求的表现由大脑右侧额叶控制。由于左侧额叶的损伤，右侧额叶会占据主导地位，这样导致对新体验的追求。或者，左侧额叶的损伤可能会影响到一些掌管音乐品味的特定的神经系统。无论这是获益还是损失都有所不同。正如弗里索尼医生在他的文章中所说，人各有所好。答案及解析 46.C该题为细节加推理题。第一段第一句话莎士比亚把老年阶段比做“第二次孩子气”——没有牙，视力差，失去味觉。接着整篇文章谈论了一种跟音乐品味有关的大脑疾病——额颞痴呆症。由此可知，作者引用莎士比亚的一句话只是为了引出后文，即start 2010年9月笔试真卷参考答案及精析第6页（共12页） discussion on a brain disease，故选C.

第4题：

A person with Parkinson's has to learn to live with the disease,__________.
A:what affects muscles all through your body
B:if there isn't enough dopamine in your body
C:which cannot be cured yet
D:which may be the first symptom you notice
E:if you have a fixed or blank expression
F: what causes Parkinson's disease

答案：C

解析：

第5题：

Paragraph 1__________
A:Means of Diagnosis of the Disease
B:Tips for Patients With the Disease
C:Common Treatment for the Disease
D:Definition of Parkinson's Disease
E:Possible Causes of the Disease
F: Typical Symptoms of the Disease

答案：D

解析：

第6题：

共用题干
More About Alzheimer's Disease
Scientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer's disease and may ultimately allow physicians to predict_______(51)is at risk of getting this neurological disorder.
The only current means of_____(52)the disease in a living patient is a long and expensive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia（痴呆）.
"Since Alois Alzheimer described the_____(53)nearly a century ago,people have been trying to find a way to_____(54)diagnose it in its early stages,"said Patricia Grady,acting director of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda,Maryland."This discovery,if_____(55),could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease."
Alzheimer ' 5 is the single greatest _________ ( 56 ) of mental deterioration（退化）in older people, affecting between 2.5 million and 4 million people in the United States_____(57).The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function,and eventually causes death.There is currently no known______（58)for the disease.
Researches______(59)that the skin cells of Alzheimer's patients have defects that interfere with their ability to regulate the flow of potassium（钾）in and out of the cells.The fact that the cell defects are present in the skin suggests that Alzheimer's______(60)from physiological changes throughout the body,and that dementia may be the first noticeable effect of these changes as the defects______(61)the cells in the brain,scientists said.
The flow of potassium is especially______(62)in cells responsible for memory formation.The scientists also found two other defects that affect the cells'supply, of calcium（钙）,another critical element.
One test developed by researches calls______(63)growing skin cells in a laboratory culture and then testing them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that_______(64)the flow of potassium are open.Open potassium channels create a unique electrical signature.
A spokesman for the Alzheimer's Association said that if the validity of the diagnostic test can be proven it would be an important______(65),but cautioned that other promising tests for Alzheimer's have been disappointing.

_________51
A:what
B:one
C:it
D:who

答案：D

解析：

此空处的词作宾语从句的主语，又根据句意可知，此处的主语应表示人，故选D。
文章中第一段中的皮肤反应测验的目的是为了诊断老年痴呆症。此处承接上文内容，故选D。
由后半句中的diagnose it可知，此处应填disease。
此空处的副词用来修饰之后的diagnose这个动词，比较四个选项，只有B项accurately （准确地）符合文意。
此处if引导的成分在句中作插入语，表达的意思为“如果确认的话”，故选C。
此处表达的意思为老年痴呆症是导致老年人脑力下降的唯一最大的原因。故此空处应填cause。
此处所表达的意思是：仅在美国，每年就有250万到400万美国人遭受老年痴呆症的困扰，alone表示“仅仅”，故选D。
本句话的意思为：目前还没有针对这种疾病的确切疗法。故此处用treatment。
本句中that之后陈述的是研究人员发现的一个事实，并没有表示预测、期望或警告。因此本题选A。
由文中可知，老年痴呆症是身体的生理病变引起的结果，result from意为“因……而产生”。
此处的含义为这种缺陷会对大脑中的细胞产生影响，故选A。
由本段第二句中的another critical element可知，此处应选critical。
call for为固定搭配，意为“要求，需要”。
此处表述的内容为控制钾的流动的管道。故此空应填govern。
根据句意可知，此项诊断性测试如果能得到验证，那将会是一个很重大的进步，故选C。

第7题：

One of the most common signs of Parkinson's is tremor,__________.
A:what affects muscles all through your body
B:if there isn't enough dopamine in your body
C:which cannot be cured yet
D:which may be the first symptom you notice
E:if you have a fixed or blank expression
F: what causes Parkinson's disease

答案：D

解析：

第8题：

Dr Frisoni attributed the patients' changing music taste to

[A] man's desire to seek novel experience.

[B] the damage to the left part of the brain.

[C] the shift of predominance from the right lobe to the left.

[D] the weakening of some part of the nervous system.

正确答案：D
50．D该题为细节题。该题可使用排除法。根据最后一段第三句和第四句“A predominance of the right over the left frontal lobe,caused by damage to the latter, might thus lead to a quest for new experi- ence. Alternatively, the damage may have affected some specific nervous system that is needed to appreciate certain kinds of music.” 可知由于左侧额叶的损伤，右侧额叶会占据主导地位，这样导致了病患对薪体验的追求。或者，左侧额叶的损伤可能会影响到一些控制音乐品味的特定的神经系统。所以，作者将病患音乐品味的变化归结为左侧额叶受损所导致一些控制音乐品味的特定神 2010年9月笔试真卷参考答案及精析第7页（共12页）经系统的损坏。选项A“人们追求新体验的渴望”并不是患者音乐品味变化的原因；选项B将原因归结为大脑左半边的损坏，与文章中所述左侧额叶受损不符；选项C将原因归结为占主导地位的由右侧额叶转为左侧额叶，与文中提到的因左侧额叶受损，而右侧额叶占主导地位不符，A、B、C三项均不符合文意，故选D。

第9题：

共用题干
第一篇

More About Alzheimer' s Disease

Scientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer's
disease and may ultimately allow physicians to predict who is at risk of getting this neurological
（神经病学的）disorder.
The only current means of diagnosing the disease in a living patient is a long and expensive series of
tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia.
"Since Alois Alzheimer described the disease nearly a century ago,people have been trying to find a
way to accurately diagnose it in its early stages,"said Patricia Grady,acting director of the National Institute
of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda,Maryland."This discovery,if confirmed,could prove a big
step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease."
Alzheimer's is the single greatest cause of mental deterioration in older people,affecting between 2.5
million and 4 million people in the United States alone.The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and
the ability to function,and eventually causes death. There is currently no known treatment for the disease.
Researchers discovered that the skin cells of Alzheimer's patients have defects that interfere with their
ability to regulate the flow of potassium in and out of the cells.The fact that the cell defects are present in the
skin suggests that Alzheimer's results from physiological changes throughout the body,and that dementia may
be the first noticeable effect of these changes as the defects affect the cells in the brain,scientists said.
The flow of potassium is especially critical in cells responsible for memory formation.The scientists also
found two other defects that affect the cells' supply of calcium,another critical element.
One test developed by researches calls for growing skin cells in a laboratory culture and then testing
them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that govern the flow of potassium are
open.Open potassium channels create a unique electrical signature.
A spokesman for the Alzheimer's Association said that if the validity of the diagnostic test can be
proven it would be an important development,but he cautioned that other promising tests for Alzheimer's
have been disappointing.

The last paragraph implies that the diagnostic test________.
A:will not be as promising as others
B:is a very important development
C:may not be proven valid smoothly
D:will surely be disappointing in the end

答案：C

解析：

由文章第一段的内容可知，皮肤试验的最终目的在于“ultimately allow physicians to pre-dict who is at risk of getting this neurological disorder"，所以只有C项符合题意。
根据文章第二段的内容可知，痴呆病很难确诊，它的诊断是一个漫长且代价昂贵的过程，故D项正确。
由文章第四段最后一句“There is currently no known treatment for the disease.”可知，D 项的内容与此不符，故选D。
第五段中谈到了两者的关系："Alzheimer' s results from physiological changes … and that dementia may be the first noticeable effect of these changes…"，也就是说痴呆病是阿尔茨海默氏病的表现之一。
最后一段发言人谈到这一试验的前途时较为含蓄，只说试验如能证明有效自然是一大发展，但他同时提醒人们以前的试验看上去也很有前途，结果却令人失望。因此，只有C项符合题意。

第10题：

_________60
A:keeps
B:breaks
C:results
D:translates

答案：C

解析：

Frontotemporal dementia is a disease[ A] identified with loss of memory.[ B] causing damage to certain parts of the brain.[ C] whose patients may develop new talents.[ D] whose symptoms are similar to those of Alzheimer's patients.

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