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Irish Dolphins May Have a Unique DialectIrish scientists monitoring dolphins living in a river estuary in the southwest of the country believe they may have developed a unique dialect to communicate with each other.The Channel Dolphin and Wildlife Foundat

题目

Irish Dolphins May Have a Unique Dialect

Irish scientists monitoring dolphins living in a river estuary in the southwest of the country believe they may have developed a unique dialect to communicate with each other.

The Channel Dolphin and Wildlife Foundation (SDWF) has been studying a group of up to 120 bottle-nose dolphins in the River Shannon using vocalisations collected on a computer in a cow shed near the River Shannon.

As part of a research project, student Ronan Hickey digitised and analysed a total of 1,882 whistles from the Irish dolphins and those from the Welsh dolphins on a computer and separated them into six fundamental whistle types and 32 different categories. Of the categories, he found most were used by both sets of dolphins—but eight were only heard from the Irish dolphins.

"We are building up a catalogue of the different whistle types they use and trying to associate them with behaviour like foraging, resting, socialising and the communications of groups with calves," project leader Simon Berrow said. "Essentially we are building up what is like a dictionary of words they use or sounds they make. "

Berrow, a marine biologist, said the dolphins' clicks are used to find their way around and locate prey. The whistles are communications. "They do a whole range of other sounds like barks, groans and a kind of gunshot. " He said. "The gunshot is an intense pulse of sound. Sperm whales use it to stun their prey. "

"When I first heard it I was surprised as I thought sperm whales were the only species who used it. We can speculate the dolphins are using it for the same reason as the sperm whales. " Berrow said.

References in local legend indicate there have been dolphins in the Shannon estuary for generations and they may even have been resident there as far back as the 6th century.

They are regularly seen by passengers on the Shannon ferry and an estimated 25,000 tourists every year take special sightseeing tours on local boats to visit them.

The difference in eating habits between the bottle-nose dolphins and the sperm whales interested the SDWF scientists.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

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相似问题和答案

第1题：

As early as the 6th century, Irish fishermen started raising dolphins in the Shannon estuary.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned


正确答案：B
解析：问题中的关键词是raise，利用信息结构as early as the 6th century和特征结构Irish fishermen及Shannon estuary共同作为答案线索，对应原文第七段．References in local legend indicate there have been dolphins in the Shannon estuary for generations and they may even have been resident there as far back as the 6th century．原文中指出早在公元6世纪海豚就在香农河口繁衍生息，而不是早在公元6世纪渔民开始在香农河河口养殖海豚。题句的意思与之不符，所以答案是B。

第2题：

If you're going to the club tonight, you ( ) Richard there.

A、might meet

B、might have met

C、may have met

D、may have been met


参考答案：A

第3题：

Of the 32 categories, eight were produced only by the Irish dolphins.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned


正确答案：A
解析：问题中的关键词是eight。利用问题句中的特征词32 categories，eight，Irish(爱尔兰的)dolphins共同作为答案线索，对应原文第三第二句，Of the categories，he found most were used by both sets of dolphins—but eight were only heard from the Irish dolphins．从句中可以知道答案相关句与问题句的句意一致：32种啸声中有8种是爱尔兰海豚独有的，所以答案是A。

第4题：

共用题干
Adaptation of Living Things
Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment better than others of their kind.This natural biological process is called adaptation.Among the superior characteristics developed through adaptationare those that may help in getting food or shelter,in providing protection,and in producing and protecting the young.That results in the evolution of more and more organisms（微生物）that are better fitted to their environments.
Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way,but each is adapted especially to its own distinct class.A plant,for example,depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb water and inorganic（无机的）chemicals.It depends upon its green leaves for using the sun's energy to make food from inorganic chemicals.These are general adaptations,common to most plants.In addition,there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have.
Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies.Some insects are hidden by their body color or shape,and many look like a leaf or a little branch.The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings.Many animals have the ability to remain completely still when an enemy is near.
Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting.They may adapt.in their structure,function,and genetics;in their development and production of the young;and in other respects.An organism may create its own environment,as do warm-blooded mammals（哺乳动物）,which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather.Usually adaptations are an advantage,but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that,if conditions change,it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions.

The author cites the behavior of warm-blooded mammals in order to illustrate that______.
A:a living thing may have the ability to create an environment of its own
B:a living creature may have the ability to remain still when an enemy is near
C:a living creature may have the ability to make food from its inorganic chemicals
D:a living creature may have the ability to change the color of its skin

答案：A
解析：
根据第一段第一句可知，某些动植物进化出优越的特性，是为了比同类中的其他个体’能更好地适应环境。C项中的“adapted”是该句中“cope with”的同义转换，所以选择C项。

第5题：

Dolphins are said to () many humans.

A、save

B、be saving

C、be saved

D、have saved


参考答案：D

第6题：

Middle-aged people may feel subhealth, because______.

A. they have lost their living hopes

B. they have more pressure in life and work

C. they have used up their energy

D. they begin to get older


正确答案：B
45．答案为B  此题为推断题。从第三段我们可以知道中年人亚健康的比例超过45%，另外，在经理职位上的人还有面临考试的学生的比例甚至更高些，因此推论出导致亚健康的原因是工作和生活中的压力，故选B。

第7题：

Dolphins are very smart creatures. They learn very quickly, _______ 1) is why they, out of all sea animals, are used most often in movies and television. They can be very helpful and have helped humans in trouble without _________ 2). A dolphin can sense danger and will know _______ 3) something is not right. Often times dolphins have helped to save people in swimming accidents and such. They are very curious animals. Their _________ 4) can sometimes get them in trouble. Such cases would be getting too close to a fisherman’s net and _________ 5) tangled up within it. Along with being curious, dolphins love to play. They love humans in the respect that they love to play with the balls they might have or simply swim around with humans.

1.

A、that

B、which

C、who

D、it

2.

A、thoughts

B、reasons

C、hesitation

D、difficulty

3.

A、while

B、as

C、that

D、when

4.

A、curiosity

B、smartness

C、intelligence

D、actions

5.

A、get

B、getting

C、to get

D、got


参考答案：BCDAB

第8题：

Whistles could also be used to communicate between adult dolphins and baby dolphins.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned


正确答案：A
解析：问题中的关键词是adult dolphins和baby dolphins。对应原文第四段第一句，“We are building up a catalogue of the different whistle types they use and trying to associate them with behavior. like foraging，resting，socialising and the communications of groups with calves．”说科学家正在设法将啸声与海豚的行为特性联系起来，包括海豚觅食、休息、社交和有幼崽的群体间的交流等，由此可知这也包括成年海豚与小海豚之间的联络这种行为。题句的意思与原句的意思相符，所以答案是A。

第9题：

Which of the following is true of an index used to support a UNIQUE constraint?()

A.It must have the UNIQUE attribute.

B.It cannot be created explicitly by the user.

C.It must have the UNIQUE and CLUSTER attributes.

D.It must have the UNIQUE WHERE NOT NULL attribute.


参考答案：A

第10题：

共用题干
Adaptation of Living Things
Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment better than others of their kind.This natural biological process is called adaptation.Among the superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting food or shelter,in providing protection,and in producing and protecting the young. That results in the evolution of more and more organisms（生物体）that are better fitted to their environments.
Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way,but each is adapted especially to its own distinct class.A plant,for example,depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to
absorb water and inorganic chemicals（无机物）.It depends upon its green leaves for using the sun's energy to make food from inorganic chemicals.These are general adaptations,common to most plants .In addition,there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have.
Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies.Some are hidden by their body color or shape,and many look like a leaf or a little branch.The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings .Many animals .have the ability to remain completely still when an enemy is near.
Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting.They may adapt in their structure,func-tion,and genetics;in their development and production of the young;and in other respects.An organism may create its own environment, as do warm-blooded mammals（哺乳动物）,which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather.Usually adaptations are an advantage,but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that if conditions change,it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions.

Which of the following is NOT directly mentioned in the passage?
A: A living thing may adapt in its structure.
B: An organism may adapt in its function.
C: A living creature may adapt in its genetic makeup.
D: A living organism may adapt in its sleeping habit.

答案：D
解析：
根据文章的第一句话“Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment better than others of their kind.”可以比较容易地得出正确答案是C。


在不认识“environments”的情况下，我们可以通过上下文来猜侧该词的意思。根据第一段内容，主要讲什么是生物适应，其实根据常识也可以判断，适应无非是针对生存环境而言的，那么可以初步断定“environments”意为“环境”。而A项contexts意为“上下文，语境”，C项neighbors意为“邻居”,D项enemies意为“敌人”，都不符合题干要求。B项surroundings出现在倒数第二段“The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings.”因此正确答案是B。


根据第三段的第二句“Some are hidden by their body color or shape, and many look like a leaf or a little branch.”可以判断，动物一般用羽毛或者体表颜色来达到把自己隐藏在环境中的目的，因此答案是D。


根据最后一段的第二句话“They may adapt in their structure, function, and genetics;” 可知，A、B、C三项都在文中直接被提到。


根据最后一段的第三句“An organism may create its own environment, as do warm-blooded mammals,which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather.”可以比较容易地得出正确答案是A。

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