共用题干 Musical Training Can Improve Communication SkillsAmerican scientists say musical training seems to improve communication skills and language retardation （延迟）.They found that developing musical skill involves the______(51)process in the brain as learn

题目

共用题干
Musical Training Can Improve Communication Skills
American scientists say musical training seems to improve communication skills and language retardation （延迟）.They found that developing musical skill involves the______(51)process in the brain as learning how to speak.The scientists believe that could______(52)children with learning disabilities.
Nina Krauss is a neurobiologist at Northwestern University in Illinois.She says musical training______(53)putting together different kinds of information,such as hearing music,looking at musical notes,touching an instrument and watching other musicians.This______(54)is not much different from learning how to speak.Both involve different senses.
She further explains musical training and learning to______(55)each make us think about what we are doing.She says speech and music______(56)through a structure of the nervous system called the brain stem.The brain stem______(57)our ability to hear.Until recently,experts have thought the brain stem could not be developed or changed.______(58)Professor Krauss and her team found that musical training can improve a person's brain stem activity.
The study involved individuals with different levels of musical______(59).They were asked to wear an electrical device that measures______(60)activity.The individuals wore the electrode while they watched a video of someone speaking and a person playing a musical instrument-the cello（大提琴）.Professor Krauss says cellos have sound qualities similar______(61)some of the sounds that are impor-tant with speech.The study found that the more years of training people had,the more______(62)they were to the sound and rhythm of the music.Those who were involved in musical activities were the same people in whom the______(63)of sensory events was the strongest.It shows the importance of musical training to children with learning______（64).She says using music to improve listening skills could mean they______(65)sentences and understand facial expressions better.

_________65
A:read
B:write
C:hear
D:change

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相似问题和答案

第1题：

请根据短文内容判断给出的语句是否正确，正确的写“T”，错误的写“F”。

Good Communication Skills - Key to Success

Good communication skills are the key to success in life, work and relationships. Without effective communication, a message can turn into an error, misunderstanding, frustration, or even disaster by being misinterpreted or poorly delivered.

The steps for good communication skills:

1. Know what to say. Understand clearly the purpose and intent of your message.

2. Know how to say it. Begin by making eye contact , which shows confidence. Then pay attention to your body language.

3. Listen. After you've finished talking, you should stop, listen, and look for feedback and clues of comprehension.

4. Reach understanding. To communicate well is to understand and be understood.More tips for developing good communication skills:

1. The better you are able to express yourself, the better your ability to communicate.

2. Practice your listening skills. Be considerate of other speakers by waiting until they are done before stating your views.

3. Learn to understand and appreciate different views by being open-minded. It will in turn, gain you more cooperation and understanding.

4. Avoid trying to communicate when in an emotional state. Take time to consider your position through before speaking.

When you take the time to develop good communication skills, it means you open yourself up to better relationships, more career opportunities, and increased self-confidence.

Moreover, you reach higher levels of mutual understanding and cooperation while successfully attaining your goals.

( ) 26. A message must be understood, interpreted or delivered correctly with communication.

( ) 27. When you talk with others you can pay little attention to your body language.

( ) 28. The better you are able to understand others, the better your ability to communicate.

( ) 29. Before stating your opinions, you'd better let the speaker finish his or her talking first.

( ) 30. Don't argue or debate with others if you feel angry or displeased.

参考答案：26-30：T F T T T

第2题：

共用题干
Understanding Autism（孤独症）

1 Autism is a life-long developmental disability that prevents individuals from properly understanding
what，they see,hear,and otherwise sense.This results in severe problems of social relationships,
communication , and behavior. Individuals with autism have to painstakingly（费力地）learn normal patterns
of speech and communication,and appropriate ways to relate to people,objects,and events,in a similar
manner to those who have had a stroke.
2 The cause of autism is still unknown.Some research suggests a physical problem affecting those parts
of the brain that process language and information coming in from the senses.There may be some imbalance
of certain chemicals in the brain. Genetic（遗传的）factors may sometimes be involved. Autism may indeed
result from a combination of several"causes".
3 Most people with mental retardation（智力迟钝的）show relatively even skill development. Individuals
with autism, however,typically show uneven skill development, with deficits（欠缺）in certain areas—most
frequently in their ability to communicate and relate to others—and distinct skills in other areas.It is
importantto distinguish autism from mental retardation or other disorders , since diagnostic（诊断的）confusion
may lead to inappropriate and ineffective treatment techniques.
4 In general,individuals with autism perform best at jobs which are structured and involve a degree of
repetition.Some people who have autism are working as artists,piano tuners,painters,farm workers,office
workers,computer operators,dishwashers,assembly line workers,or employees of sheltered workshops or
other sheltered work settings.

Paragraph 4 ________
A:What Causes Autism
B:How Common is Autism
C:Does Autism Occur Together With Other Disabilities
D:What is Autism
E:What Jobs can Individuals With Autism Do
F:What is the Difference Between Autism and Mental Retardation

答案：E

解析：

文章第一段主要讲述了孤独症的定义及其影响，故选D。
文章第二段“The cause of autism is still unknown.”一句是本段的主题句，此段以下内容均是围绕着孤独症的致病因素展开的，故选A。
第三段主要讲述了智障(mental retardation）和孤独症的区别，故选F。
第四段主要讲述了患有孤独症的人更擅长的工作类型。他们擅长结构性、重复性较强的工作，故选E。
由第一段对孤独症的定义可知，患有孤独症的人在社会关系和沟通方面表现不佳，故选B。
由文章第二段最后一句“Autism may indeed result from a combination of several 'causes'.”可知，孤独症可能是若干因素联合作用的结果，故选D。
由文章第三段最后一句可知，智力迟钝和孤独症的区分很重要，因为如果对二者的诊断产生混淆，则会导致不当和无效的处理技巧，故选A。
由文章第三段第二句中“Individuals with autism, however, typically show uneven skill development”可知，患有孤独症的人的典型特征是，他们技术能力发展不平稳，故选F。第4部分：阅读理解第一篇本篇文章主要讲述的是基因工程的起源、相关的产品及其影响。

第3题：

The African way of communication sent messages______.

A. in a special way

B. over a very short distance

C. by a musical instrument

D. at a rather slow speed

正确答案：C

53．答案为C 鼓为一种乐器，所以本题答案为C。

第4题：

共用题干
第二篇

Exercise and Brain

Just as exercise strengthens the heart and lungs,bones and muscles,it may also power up the brain.A succession of scientific studies of animals implies that physical activity has a positive effect on mental functioning.
"It's clear that the brain benefits from exercise,"says brain scientist William Greenough of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.His studies with rats have demonstrated two primary effects of activity:Vigorous physical exercise provides the brain with more fuel,and skill-based ex-ercise increases the formation of connections in the brain, which, according to the proposals of some scientists,may make the brain better able to process information.
In one experiment,laboratory rats were separated into three groups.One group was exercised by running inside an automatic wheel,a second group improved their skills in a complicated obstacle course,and a third group was inactive.
"The animals that learned to go through the obstacle course exhibited a greater number of brain connections than the animals in the exercised or inactive groups,"Greenough said."In contrast, the animals that exercised inside the automatic wheel possessed a greater density of blood vessels in the brain than did either of the other two groups of animals."
Learning a new dance step may boost the brain in the same way that learning a language can, he says.And if the dance is a good physical exercise as well,the benefits multiply.Young brains may be especially able to boost brain power through exercise,suggested another of Greenough's experiments that showed the most significant changes in the brain occurred among rats that had been exercised when very young.And while animals aren't people,he says it is logical to make the inference that an effect found in rats may also apply to humans.
Human studies have focused primarily on older adults and suggest that regular exercise can improve the speed with which the brain processes information.Measurements made by Arthur Kramer at the University of Illinois demonstrated that inactive adults,aged 63 to 82,could hit buttons faster in response to a tone after they went through a 10-week water exercise course.A corresponding control group that didn't exercise showed no improvement.

Which statement is correct according to the passage?
A:The effect of exercises found in rats can not apply to people.
B:Changes in the brain occurred among young rats are more significant than those among adult rats.
C:Regular exercise can only improve the speed with which the older adults' brain processes information.
D:The author encourages people do more skill-based exercise instead of vigorous physical exercise.

答案：B

解析：

选项A、B、C中提到的锻炼身体的好处在第一段均提到了，只有D项文中没有提到。因此选择D。
文章第二段第二句提到：高强度体育运动给大脑提供更多的燃料，而技巧性运动则增强大脑神经的联结。依照某些科学家的见解，这种联结能使大脑更好地处理信息。因此选择A项，而B项和C项是技巧性运动的功能，D项不符合文章意思。
文章第三段和第四段告诉我们选项A应该是。nning inside an automatic wheels；选项B文中没有提到是inside还是outside；选项C应该是a great number of brain connections；选项D是正确的。
文章第五段第一句告诉我们“学习一种新的舞蹈和学习一种语言一样，都能促进大脑发展。如果这种舞蹈还是一种良好的体育运动，则益处加倍”，因此A和B项都排除。根据文章第三段和第四段，我们知道只有being inactive inside不能促进大脑发展。
根据文章我们知道选项A里老鼠的实验结果应当可以应用到对人类的研究，因此是错误的；文章第五段告诉我们选项B的表述是正确的；文章第六段告诉我们“经常锻炼能提高大脑处理信息的速度”，但并没有说该实验结果不能应用于其他年龄段的人，因此是错误的；根据文章第二段我们知道两种锻炼对大脑会产生不同的影响，因此选项D也是错误的。

第5题：

共用题干
Understanding Autism
1. Autism（孤独症）is a life-long developmental disability that prevents individuals from properly understanding what they see,hear,and otherwise sense.This results in severe problems of social relationships , communication , and behavior. Individuals with autism have to painstakingly（费力地）learn normal patterns of speech and communication,and appropriate ways to relate to people, objects,and events,in a similar manner to those who have had a stroke.
2. The cause of autism is still unknown.Some research suggests a physical problem affecting those parts of the brain that process language and information coming in from the senses.There may be some imbalance of certain chemicals in the brain. Genetic（遗传的）factors may sometimes be involved .Autism may indeed result from a combination of several"causes".
3. Most people with mental retardation（智力迟钝）show relatively even skill development. Individuals with autism , however , typically show uneven skill development , with deficits（欠缺）in certamn areas-most frequently in their ability to communicate and relate to othersand distinct skills in other areas.It is important to distinguish autism from mental retardation or other disorders, since diagnostic（诊断的）confusion may lead to inappropriate and ineffective treatment techniques.
4. In general,individuals with autism perform best at jobs which are structured and involve a degree of repetition.Some people who have autism are working as artists,piano tuners,painters,farm workers,office workers,computer operators,dishwashers,assembly line workers,or employees of sheltered workshops or other sheltered work settings.

It is possible that autism happens as a result of______.
A: different techniques
B: social relationships and communication
C: language and information
D: several causes working together
E: a degree of repetition
F: skill development

答案：D

解析：

短文的第一段对孤独症进行了定义。

短文的第二段主要探讨可能导致孤独症的原因。

短文的第三段主要讲孤独症与智力迟钝之间的区别。

短文的第四段主要讲孤独症患者适合从事的工作。

短文的第一段说，患有孤独症的人尤其不擅长人际关系及与他人交流。

短文的第二段说，孤独症有可能是若干原因综合作用的结果。

短文的第三段说，处理孤独症的方法应有别于智力迟钝。

短文的第三段说，患有孤独症者的典型特征之一是其技能发展方面的不平衡。

第6题：

Adequate training will reduce the turnover and improve the customer service.()

正确答案：对

第7题：

共用题干
Understanding Autism
1 Autism（孤独症）is a life-long developmental disability that prevents individuals from proper-ly understanding what they see,hear,and otherwise sense. This results in severe problems of social relationships,communication, and behavior. Individuals with autism have to painstakingly（费力地） learn normal patterns of speech and communication,and appropriate ways to relate to people,ob-jects,and events,in a similar manner to those who have had a stroke.
2 The cause of autism is still unknown. Some research suggests a physical problem affecting those parts of the brain that process language and information coming in from the senses. There may be some imbalance of certain chemicals in the brain. Genetic（遗传的）factors may sometimes be in-volved. Autism may indeed result from a combination of several“causes”.
3 Most people with mental retardation（智力迟钝）show relatively even skill develop-ment. Individuals with autism,however,typically show uneven skill development,with deficits（欠缺）in certain areas一most frequently in their ability to communicate and relate to others一and distinct skills in other areas.It is important to distinguish autism from mental retardation or ether disorders, since diagnostic（诊断的）confusion may lead to inappropriate and ineffective treatment techniques.
4 In general,individuals with autism perform best at jobs which are structured and involve a degree of repetition. Some people who have autism are working as artists,piano tuners,painters,farm workers,office workers,computer operators,dishwashers,assembly line workers,or employees of sheltered workshops or other sheltered work settings.

Paragraph 2______
A: What Causes Autism?
B: How Common Is Autism?
C: Does Autism Occur Together With Other Disabilities?
D: What Is the Difference Between Autism and Mental Retardation?
E: What Is Autism?
F: What Kinds of Jobs Can Individuals With Autism Do?

答案：A

解析：

该段第一句是个定义句（A is B)，因此应该是该段主题句。该句在对孤独症进行定义和解释，E项“什么是孤独症”与之呼应。
段落中出现了明显的段落主题词：cause“原因”, problem affecting“起影响作用的问题”, factor“因素”。这三组词的核心词义都是“原因，因素”，因此包含段落主题词 cause的A项“造成孤独症的原因”是该段主题。
该段中出现了段落主题词retardation"智力迟钝”，因此D项“孤独症和智力迟钝之间有杆么不同”是段落主题。
段首句提到“总的来说，患有孤独症的人在做设计安排好、具有重复性的工作时表现得最出色”，接下来具体提到了什么工作适合患孤独症的人。由此可见F项“患孤独症的人能做什么工作？”是该段主题。
题干意为“患有孤独症的人尤其不擅长……”。第一道完成句子题常依据第一段内容设置，因此首先重点关注第一段：Autism（孤独症) is a lifelong developmental disability that prevents individuals from properly understanding what they see,hear,and otherwise sense. This results in severe problems of social relationships,communication,and behavior. Individuals with autism have to painstakingly（费力地）learn（与题干中的particularly weak呼应）normal patterns of speech and communication , and appropriate ways to relate to people, objects, and events, in a similar manner to those who have had a stroke．第一段最后一句意为“患有孤独症的人在学习语言模式和交流模式，学习与他人打交道的方式，学习应对物品和事件上感到很费力”，由此可知B项“社会关系和交流”是答案。
题干意为“孤独症的出现可能是因为……的结果”。题干从内容上看涉及到造成孤独症的原因，第二段的主题就涉及到造成孤独症的原因，因此重点关注第二段，题干中没有定位线索词可以利用，因此关注题干中的其他核心词（如：题干中的修饰词，谓语动词等）（提示：题干中没有定位线索词可以利用时，就需要关注题干中其他的核心词/短语，并利用它们作为定位线索），关注题干中的修饰词possible，谓语动词happen及介词短语as a resuit of。（第二段）The cause of autism is still unknown. Some research suggests a physical problem affecting those parts of the brain that process language and information coming in from the senses. There may be some imbalance of certain chemicals in the brain. Genetic（遗传的）factors may sometimes be involved. Autism may（与题干中的possible呼应）indeed result from（与题干中的as a result of呼应）a combination of several“ causes”．第二段最后一句提到 “孤独症可能是几个致病因素共同作用的结果”，因此答案为D项“几个致病因素共同作用”。
题干意为“应该用……对待孤独症和智力迟钝”。利用题干中的细节信息短语mental retardation作为定位线索，在第三段中找到相关句：Most people with mental retardation(智力迟钝) show relatively even skill development. Individuals with autism , however, typically show uneven skill development, with deficits（欠缺）in certain areas一most frequently in their ability to communicate and relate to others一and distinct skills in other areas. It is important to distinguish autism from mental retardation or other disorders,since diagnostic（诊断的）confusion may lead to inappropriate and ineffective treatment techniques．段落最后一句提到“区别孤独症和智力迟钝及其他疾病很重要，因为如果不能清楚地诊断病情可能会造成不恰当而且无效的治疗”。由此可知孤独症和智力迟钝这两种疾病需要区别对待，并且采取不同的治疗方法，因此该题答案为A项“不同的治疗方法”。
题干意为“患有孤独症的人的一个通常特征是他们不平衡的……”。利用题干中的细节信息词/短语a typical feature，作为定位线索，同时关注题干中出现的修饰词uneyen，这样在第三段中找到相关句：Most people with mental retardation(智力迟钝) show relatively even skill development. Individuals with autism, however, typically（与typical呼应） show uneven skill development, with deficits（欠缺）in certain areas-most frequently in their ability to communicate and relate to others-and distinct skills in other areas. It is important to distinguish autism from mental retardation or ether disorders , since diagnostic（诊断的）confusion may lead to inappropriate and ineffective treatment techniques．第三段第二句提到“然而，患有孤独症的人通常会出现技能发展不平衡”，由此可知患有孤独症的人通常具有的一个特点是技能发展不平衡，因此该题答案为F项“技能发展”。

第8题：

We can learn from the passage that __

A. communication breakdown results from short pauses and fast pacing

B. women are unfavorably stereotyped in eastern cities of the US

C. one's inability to speak up is culturally determined sometimes

D. one should receive training to build up one's confidence

正确答案：C

第9题：

Autism and mental retardation should be treated with______.
A:.different techniques
B: social relationships and communication
C: language and information
D: several causes working together
E: a degree of repetition
F: skill development

答案：A

解析：

第10题：

共用题干
The Biology of Music
Humans use music as a powerful way to communicate.It may also play an important role in love.But what is music,and how does it work its magic?Science does not yet have all the answers.
What are two things that make humans different from animals?One is language,and the other is music.It is true that some animals can sing(and many birds sing better than a lot of people).However,the songs of animals,such as birds and whales,are very limited.It is also true that humans,not animals,have developed musical instruments.
Music is strange stuff.It is clearly different from language.However,people can use music to communicate things-especially their emotions.When music is combined with speech in a song,it is a very powerful form of communication.But,biologically speaking,what is music?
If music is truly different from speech,then we should process music and language in different parts of the brain.The scientific evidence suggests that this is true.
Sometimes people who , suffer brain damage lose their ability to process language.However,they don't automatically（自动地）lose their musical abilities.For example , Vissarion Shebalin , a Russian composer , had a stroke（中风）in 1953.It injured the left side of his brain.He could no longer speak or understand speech.He could,however,still compose music until his death ten years later.On the other hand,sometimes strokes cause people to lose their musical ability,but they can still speak and understand speech.This shows that the brain processes music and language separately.
By studying the physical effects of music on the body,scientists have also learned a lot about how music influences the emotions.But why does music have such a strong effect on us?That is a harder question to answer.Geoffrey Miller,a researcher at University College,London,thinks that music and love have a strong connection.Music requires special talent,practice,and physical ability.That's why it may be a way of showing your fitness to be someone's mate.For example,singing in tune or playing a musical instrument requires fine muscular control.You also need a good memory to remember the notes（音符）.And playing or singing those notes correctly suggests that your hearing is in excellent condition.Finally,when a man sings to the woman he loves(or vice versa),it may be a way of showing off.
However,Miller's theory still doesn't explain why certain combinations of sounds influence our emotions so deeply.For scientists,this is clearly an area that needs further research.

Music can NOT be used______.
A:as an efficient way to communicate
B:as an effective tool to perform magic tricks
C:to successfully seek after a lover
D:to influence the emotions of humans

答案：B

解析：

根据第一段第一句可知，音乐可以作为高效的交流方式；根据第六段第六、十句可知，音乐可以作为一种有用的求爱工具；根据第六段第一句可知，音乐可以影响情绪。虽然第一段第三句出现了“magic”这个词，但并没有提到音乐可以用来表演魔术，故选B项。
根据第二段第一、二句可知，导致动物与人类不同的因素有两个，分别是语言和音乐。
根据第五段第一、二句可知，丧失处理语言能力的人不会自动丧失音乐才能，所以A项错误；根据第五段第三、四、五、六句可知，Vissarion Shebalin在1953年患了中风，中风损伤了他的左脑，他便不能说话或理解话语了，却依然能够作曲，可知BC两项错误。根据第五段最后一句可知，大脑对音乐和语言分别进行处理，D项正确，故选D项。
根据第六段第五句可知，作者认为学习音乐需要特殊的天赋、练习以及体能。文章中并没有提到学习音乐需要某种心理素养。
文章第一段提出了什么是音乐这个问题，然后指出音乐是人与动物区别的因素之一。第三段最后一句又再次提出了从生物学上来说音乐是什么这个问题，然后对此进行了分析。由此可知，本篇文章主要讲的是如何从生物学的角度来理解音乐。

共用题干 Musical Training Can Improve Communication SkillsAmerican scientists say musical training seems to improve communication skills and language retardation （延迟）.They found that developing musical skill involves the______(51)process in the brain as learn

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