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第三篇

College Night Owls（晚睡的人）Have Lower Grades

College students who are morning people tend to get better grades than those who are night owls,
according to University of North Texas researchers.
They had 824 undergraduate（大学本科生的）students complete a health survey that included questiom
about sleep habits and daytime functioning,and found that students who are morning people had higher grade
point averages(GPAs)than those who are night people.
"The finding that college students who are evening types have lower GPAs is a very important finding,
sure to make its way into undergraduate psychology texts in the near future,along with the research showing
that memory is improved by sleep,"study co-author Daniel J.Taylor said in a prepared statement.
"Further,these results suggest that it might be possible to improve academic performance by using
chronotherapy（时间疗法）to help students retrieve their biological clock to become morning types, "Taylor
said.
The research was expected to be presented Monday at SLEEP,the annual meeting of the Associated
Professional Sleep Societies,in Baltimore.
In other findings expected to be heard at the meeting,University of Colorado researchers found a
significant association between insomnia（失眠）and a decline in college students' academic performance.
The study included 64 psychology,nursing and medical students,average age 27.4 years,who were
divided into two groups一low GPAs and high GPAs.
Among those with low GPAs ,69. 7 percent had trouble falling asleep ,53.1 percent experienced leg kicks or
twitches（痉挛）at night,65.6 percent reported waking at night and having trouble falling back to sleep,and
72.7 percent had difficulty concentrating during the day.
"In college students,the complaint of difficulty concentrating during the day continues to have a considerable
impact on their ability to succeed in the classroom,"study author Dr James F.Pagel said in a prepared
statement."This study showed that disordered sleep has significant harmful effects on a student's academic
performance,including GPAs."

In the second study,students with low GPAs did NOT complain of_________.
A:having trouble falling asleep
B:waking at night and having trouble falling back to sleep
C:having difficulty concentrating during the day
D: being kicked in the leg at night

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Sleeplessness
Insomnia or sleeplessness is a common complaint of women as they enter into menopause .In-somnia means having trouble falling asleep or staying asleep or the feeling that your sleep was not adequate for you .For women who are having night sweats,their sleep is broken by frequent a-wakening and therefore not refreshing. Generally once the night sweats are controlled a normal sleep pattern returns .If it doesn't it may be,or have become chronic insomnia. How do you know?
if you suffer from insomnia every night or most nights for a period of one month then you have chronic insomnia. If you're not having night sweats then it's time to look for other causes of sleep-lessness. Depression and anxiety disorders are the most common causes of chronic insomnia. If you feel depressed you need to be checked by a qualified health care provider. Movement disor- ders such as restless leg syndrome are second on the list of insomnia for them,there are new med-icines that may help. Other common causes are shift working,and pain.
In up to 30%of people with chronic insomnia no cause can be identified.Medical treatment of these people has generally been with sleeping pills.It is estimated that 25% of the adult popu- lation in America took some type of medicines for sleep last year. It is generally agreed that sleep-ing pills should only be in the lowest dose and for the shortest possible time.
Sleep hygiene is directed at changing bad sleep habits.The recommendations are:-Go to bed only when sleepy．-Do not wait up to a specified time．-Avoid caffeine and alcohol in the evening,etc.

The word"insomnia"in the first paragraph means______.
A: having a normal sleep pattern
B: having no sweats at night
C: feeling that one's sleep is adequate for him
D: having trouble falling or staying asleep