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Passage1    Lonely people, it seems, are at greater riskthan

题目
单选题
Passage1    Lonely people, it seems, are at greater riskthan the gregarious of developing illnesses associated with chronicinflammation, such as heart disease and certain cancers. A paper published lastyear in the Public Library of Science, Medicine, shows the effect on mortalityof loneliness   is comparable with thatof smoking and drinking after examining the results of 148 previous studies andcontrolled for factors such as age and pre-existing illness.Steven Cole of the University ofCalifornia, Los Angeles, thinks he may know why this is so. He told theAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science meeting in Washington,D.C., about his work studying the expression of genes in lonely people. Dr.Cole harvested samples of white blood cells from both lonely and gregariouspeople. He then analysed the activity of their genes, as measured by theproduction of a substance called messenger RNA. This molecule carries    instructions from the genes telling a cellwhich proteins to make. The level of messenger RNA from most genes was the samein both types of people. There were several dozen genes, however, that wereless active m the lonely, and several dozen others that were more active.Moreover, both the     less active andthe more active gene types came from a small number of functional groups.    Broadly speaking, the genes less active in thelonely were those involved in staving off viral infections. Those that weremore active were involved in protecting against bacteria. Dr. Cole suspectsthis could help explain not only why the lonely are iller, but how, inevolutionary terms, this odd state of affairs has come about.     The crucial bit ofthe puzzle is that viruses have to be caught from another infected individual andthey are usually species-specific. Bacteria, in contrast, often just lurk inthe environment, and  may thrive on manyhosts. The gregarious are therefore at greater risk than the lonely ofcatching  viruses, and Dr. Cole thussuggests that past evolution has created a mechanism which causes white cellsto respond appropriately. Conversely, the lonely are better off ramping uptheir protection  against bacterialinfection, which is a bigger relative risk to them.      What Dr. Cole seemsto have revealed, then, is a mechanism by which social environment reachesinside a person's body and tweaks its genome so that it responds appropriately.It is not that the lonely and the gregarious are genetically different fromeach other. Rather, their genes are regulated differently, according to howsociable an individual is. Dr. Cole thinks this regulation is part of a widermechanism that tunes individuals to the circumstances they find themselves in.What risk may lonely people run according to the first paragraph?
A

They can have the same risk as the gregarious.

B

They may have symbols of early aging.

C

They may fall victim to chronic illnesses.

D

They may undergo more severe illnesses.

参考答案和解析
正确答案： A
解析：
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相似问题和答案

第1题：

阅读理解Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually lasts between a few minutes and a few hours.This kind of loneliness is not serious.In fact, it’s quite normal.For some people, though, loneliness can last for years.Researchers say there’re three different kinds of loneliness.

The first kind of loneliness is temporary (暂时的).This is the most common type.It usually disappear quickly and does not require any special attention.The second kind, situational loneliness, is a result of a particular situation – for example, a family problem, or the death of a loved one.Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually doe not last for more than a year.

The third kind of loneliness is the most severe.Chronic (长期的) loneliness lasts more than two years and has no specific cause.People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others.Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there’s little they can do to improve their condition.

Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease.While temporary and situational loneliness can be a normal and healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a very sad dangerous condition.

6.How would you treat temporary loneliness according to the passage?()

A.Talk to friends.

B.Just ignore it.

C.Go to see a doctor.

D.Ask your teachers for guidance.

7.“It” in the last sentence of the second paragraph refers to() .

A.temporary loneliness

B.situational loneliness

C.a family problem

D.sleeplessness

8.The topic of the fourth paragraph is that ().

A.one problem of loneliness is a person’s social contacts.

B.we depend on various people for different reasons

C.lonely people don’t have many social problems

D.lonely people don’t have many friends

9.Why do psychologists want to help chronically lonely people?()

A.Chronic loneliness can cause family problems.

B.Chronic loneliness can cause serious illness.

C.Chronic loneliness can not be overcome.

D.Chronic loneliness is a harmful to society.

10.What is the best tile for the passage?()

A.Three Kinds of Loneliness.

B.Loneliness and Disease.

C.Loneliness and Social Contacts.

D.Chronic Loneliness.


参考答案：BBABA

第2题：

Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to protnote social change by opening more areas of life to decision.
In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities,because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
?The expression "greater tolerance" (Para. 1) refers to__________.

A.greater willingness to accept social change
B.quicker adaptation to changing circumstances
C.more respect for different beliefs and behavior
D.greater readiness to agree to different opinions and ideas

答案：C
解析：
由第一段以及常识可知，社会容忍度指的是对不同观点、信仰、行为等的尊重。

第3题：

Resentment against your work seems to ________ from the fact that people don’t understand it.

A.raise

B.arise

C.occur

D.happen


参考答案：B

第4题：

单选题
Internet use seems to be bad for people’s psychological health.
A

Right.

B

Wrong.

C

Doesn’t Say.


正确答案： C
解析：
考 点：细节题。题干的意思与文章中第一句“Internet use seems to cause a decline in psychological health.”所要表示的意思相同。

第5题：

There currently seems to be a large____between the number of people employed in service industries, and those employed in the primary sector.

A.different
B.differential
C.discrimination
D.discrepancy

答案：B
解析：
本题横线处需要一个名词。选项A是形容词，意为“不同的”。选项B既有名词词性，也有形容词词性。作名词时，意为“微分；差别”；作形容词时，意为“微分；差别”。选项C是名词，意为“歧视，区别”。选项D是名词，意为“矛盾；不符”。题目意为“目前，服务业就业人数与初级部门就业人数之间存在很大差别。”
　　

第6题：

In America today, it seems like people are always striving ______ something and they are never content ______ what they have.

A、for, with

B、for, of

C、to, with

D、to, of


参考答案：A

第7题：

Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to protnote social change by opening more areas of life to decision.
In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp difference. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities,because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
?Social change is less likely to occur in a society where people are quite similar in many ways because__________.

A.people there have got so accustomed to their conditions that they seldom think it necessary to change
B.people there have identical needs that can be satisfied without much difficulty
C.people there are easy to please
D.people there are less disputed

答案：A
解析：
由第一段最后一句“although conditions may not be satisfactory，they are at least customary and undisputed”可知答案为A，此选项是对原文的同义转述。

第8题：

I was amazed by people's readiness to help a stranger, even when it seems to run contrary to their own best interests.()

此题为判断题(对，错)。


参考答案：错

第9题：

The old man lives（）. He always feels（）.

  • A、lonely, lonely 
  • B、alone, alone 
  • C、lonely, alone
  • D、alone, lonely

正确答案:D

第10题：

单选题
Passage1    Lonely people, it seems, are at greater riskthan the gregarious of developing illnesses associated with chronicinflammation, such as heart disease and certain cancers. A paper published lastyear in the Public Library of Science, Medicine, shows the effect on mortalityof loneliness   is comparable with thatof smoking and drinking after examining the results of 148 previous studies andcontrolled for factors such as age and pre-existing illness.Steven Cole of the University ofCalifornia, Los Angeles, thinks he may know why this is so. He told theAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science meeting in Washington,D.C., about his work studying the expression of genes in lonely people. Dr.Cole harvested samples of white blood cells from both lonely and gregariouspeople. He then analysed the activity of their genes, as measured by theproduction of a substance called messenger RNA. This molecule carries    instructions from the genes telling a cellwhich proteins to make. The level of messenger RNA from most genes was the samein both types of people. There were several dozen genes, however, that wereless active m the lonely, and several dozen others that were more active.Moreover, both the     less active andthe more active gene types came from a small number of functional groups.    Broadly speaking, the genes less active in thelonely were those involved in staving off viral infections. Those that weremore active were involved in protecting against bacteria. Dr. Cole suspectsthis could help explain not only why the lonely are iller, but how, inevolutionary terms, this odd state of affairs has come about.     The crucial bit ofthe puzzle is that viruses have to be caught from another infected individual andthey are usually species-specific. Bacteria, in contrast, often just lurk inthe environment, and  may thrive on manyhosts. The gregarious are therefore at greater risk than the lonely ofcatching  viruses, and Dr. Cole thussuggests that past evolution has created a mechanism which causes white cellsto respond appropriately. Conversely, the lonely are better off ramping uptheir protection  against bacterialinfection, which is a bigger relative risk to them.      What Dr. Cole seemsto have revealed, then, is a mechanism by which social environment reachesinside a person's body and tweaks its genome so that it responds appropriately.It is not that the lonely and the gregarious are genetically different fromeach other. Rather, their genes are regulated differently, according to howsociable an individual is. Dr. Cole thinks this regulation is part of a widermechanism that tunes individuals to the circumstances they find themselves in.Dr. Cole made an analysis of the activity of the genes by_____.
A

measuring the level of messenger RNA

B

calculating the number of more active gene types

C

instructing the production of certain proteins

D

comparing less active genes with more active ones


正确答案： A
解析：

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