产生这种现象的原因包括（  ）。

参考答案：Certificate Mania In the face of fierce competition in the job market nowadays, many university students take various training courses and sit for certificate exams to gain a competitive edge.They usually spend weekends or vacations in training camps, polishing up on their acquired skills or trying to get a new one.Certain "certificate maniacs" even aim to obtain a bunch of certificates, believing that they may come in handy someday.Several reasons may lead to this certificate mania, and the most important is that there is an increasing number of university graduates while that of job vacancies does not grow in proportion to it.Therefore, employers prefer to recruit the ones with more related experience and skills.Since exams and certificates in some way are a testimony to one's certain skills, many students tend to spare no effort to get them.Apparently, it is a good thing to be motivated to learn new things.However, "certificate mania" goes to extremes.It is not only misleading but also places a great burden on students.Some people believe that the more the better and consequently, their major studies may be neglected due to the tight schedule.In my opinion, a certificate does not necessarily reflect one's ability that really counts, so we had better keep a skeptical eye on this mania and avoid vain and burdensome efforts.

参考答案：
Renting an Apartment off Campus
Nowadays, an increasing number of college students would rather rent an apartment off campus than live in a dormitory.This phenomenon has raised considerable concern among parents and college faculties about living off campus, which is caused by the following reasons.
To begin with, living conditions of an apartment off campus may be better than those of a dormitory.A rented apartment is often equipped with an independent washroom and a shower equipment which may be of great advantage over the school dormitory.In general, a typical dormitory often accomodates four or six, or even eight students and it is too crowded and noisy for those who prefer private space as well as quiet circumstances.In addition, instead of being regulated by dormitory rules, students may enjoy more freedom in a rented apartment.
If college students intend to rent an apartment, I think they should give top priority to safety.It is important to make a survey of the surroundings first to ensure the security.Besides, when they tend to enjoy the freedom, they should have a better sense of self-control and make good use of their time