The effect of governmental expenditures on the total economy

题目
问答题
The effect of governmental expenditures on the total economy varies with both the level of utilization of labor and capital in the economy at the time of the expenditure, and the segment of the economy which receives the expenditure. If the economy as a whole or the segment of the economy which is the focus of the expenditure is operating at capacity or close to capacity, then the expenditure’s major effects will tend to be inflationary, and will not generate much employment of capital and labor. If the economy or sector is operating at much less than full employment, the expenditure will produce a genuine (non-inflationary) rise in the GNP.
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相似问题和答案

第1题:

How long is the longest cross-sea bridge?()

A、It has a total length of 94.968 km

B、It has a total length of 49.968 km

C、It has a total length of 68.988 km


答案:B

第2题:

Managerial accounting is primarily concerned with the recording and reporting of economic data and activities of an entity for use by owners, creditors, governmental agencies, and the public.()


正确答案:错

第3题:

[ A] expenditures

[ B] benefits

[ C] costs

[ D] profits


正确答案:D
32.D【精析】expenditure花费;benefit益处;cost成本;profit利润。根据句意,两种电站产生的利润都很低,故选择D。

第4题:


How does codification of the laws affect governmental agents?( )

A.The law will be interpreted objectively rather than subjectively
B.Government agencies have to compromise with factual conditions
C.Occasionally,governmental agencies have to redress,correct or adapt a law for their beneft
D.Laws cannot be altered or modified but they can be incremented with new court decisions and also through jurisprudence

答案:A
解析:
推断题。根据题干关键词codification of the laws affect governmental agents可定位到第三段第二、三句The government of a large group requires an elaborate organization,the practices of which may be made more consistent and effective by codification.How codes of law affect governmental agents is the principal subject of jurisprudence,由此可知,政府需要elaborate organization(精心组织),政府的行为需要more consistent and effective(更为始终如一、有效),即政府机构工作人员必须严格按照法律规定,客观地履行自己的职责,故本题选A。参考译文:政府机关发展的过程中最重要的一点是管理行为法规的编纂,法律或法学研究通常涉及政府过去或现在的一些守则和做法。它还关注有关行为功能分析的一些问题。什么是法律?法律在政府管理中发挥什么作用?尤其是,它对管理者和政府机构成员的行为有什么影响?法律通常有两个重要特征。首先,它规范行为。它不是从表面上描述这种行为,而是就其行为对其他人的影响而言——对政府管理对象的影响。例如,当我们被告知一个人作伪证时,我们没有被告知他实际上说了什么。“抢劫”和“攻击”也不是指具体的应对方式。这些都只是强调令人厌恶的行为——在伪证中,口头答复与某些事实情况之间没有习惯性的对应关系,抢劫是对积极强化行为的消除,攻击则是对人身的伤害行为。第二,法律规定或暗示后果,通常是惩罚。因此,法律是由政府机构维持的强化措施的说明。法律在编纂前,应急措施可能成为一种控制性做法,也可能代表着通过法律生效的新做法。因此,法律既是对过去做法的描述,也是对将来类似做法的保证。法律是一种行为准则,在某种意义上,它规定了某些行为的后果,反过来又“规范”行为。法律对管理机构的影响。一大群人的政府需要一个精心组织的机构,可通过编纂法规使该机构的运行更加一致有效。法律规范如何影响政府机构是法理学的主要话题。行为过程很复杂,虽然这可能不算新颖。为了维护或“执行”出现意外情况的政府管理,一个机构必须确定一个人非法行为的事实,并且必须解释一个守则来确定惩罚,而且处罚必须执行。通常把这些部分划分为机构的特殊部门。个体“不在他人之下,而在法律之下”带来的好处通常是显而易见的,伟大的法律编纂者在文明史上享有盛誉。然而,编纂并不会改变政府行为的本质,也不会弥补其所有的缺陷。

第5题:

Text 3

Investment in the public sector, such as electricity, irrigation, public services and transport (excluding vehicles, ships and planes) increased by about 10%, although the emphasis moved to the transport and away from the other sectors mentioned. Trade and services recorded a 16%~17% investment growth, including a 30% increase in investment in business premises. Industrial investment is estimated to have risen by 8%. Although the share of agriculture in total gross in vestment in the economy continued to decline, investment grew 9% in absolute terms, largely spurred on by a 23% expansion of investment in agricultural equipment. Housing construction had 12% more invested in it in 1964, not so much owing to increased demand, as to fears of new taxes and limitation of building.

Total consumption in real terms rose by close on 11% during 1964, and per capital personal consumption by under 7% ,as in 1963. The undesirable trend towards a rapid rise in consumption, evident in previous years, remained unaltered. Since at current prices consumption rose by 16% and disposable income by 13% ,there was evidently a fall in the rate of saving in the private sector of the economy. Once again consumption patterns indicated a swift advance in the standard of living. Expenditure on food declined in significance, although consumption of fruit increased.

Spending on furniture and household equipment, health, education and recreation continued to increase. The greatest proof of altered living standards was the rapid expansion of expenditure on transport (including private cars) and personal services of all kinds, which occurred during 1964. The progressive wealth of large sectors of the public was demonstrated by the changing composition of durable goods purchased. Saturation point was rapidly being approached for items such as the first household radio, gas cookers, and electric, refrigerators, whereas increasing purchases of automobiles and television sets were registered.

31. the author thinks that the trend towards a rapid rise in consumption was "undesirable" because ______.

A) people saved less

B) people were wealthy

C) people consumed less

D) expenditures on luxuries increased


正确答案:A
答案:A
[试题分析] 事实分析题。
[详细解答] 实际上提问的是第二段对第一方面消费趋向的分析。根据第二段第三句中there was evidently a fall in the rate of saving in the private sector of the economy.因此,答案应该是A。

第6题:

The ORDERS table has these columns:ORDER_ID NUMBER(4) NOT NULLCUSTOMER_ID NUMBER(12) NOT NULLORDER_TOTAL NUMBER(10,2)The ORDERS table tracks the Order number, the order total, and the customer to whom the Order belongs.Which two statements retrieve orders with an inclusive total that ranges between 100.00 and 2000.00 dollars? ()

A. SELECT customer_id, order_id, order_total FROM orders RANGE ON order _ total (100 AND 2000) INCLUSIVE;

B. SELECT customer_id, order_id, order_total FROM orders HAVING order _ total BETWEEN 100 and 2000;

C. SELECT customer_id, order_id, order_total FROM orders WHERE order _ total BETWEEN 100 and 2000;

D. SELECT customer_id, order_id, order_total FROM orders WHERE order_total>= 100 and <= 2000;

E. SELECT customer_id, order_id, order_total FROM orders WHERE order_total>= 100 and order_total <= 2000;


参考答案:C, E

第7题:

有如下程序段,该程序段执行完后,执行循环的次数是 total=0 Counter=1 Do Print Counter total=total + Counter Print total Counter=Counter+1 If total>10 Then Exit Do End If Loop While Counter <=10

A.5

B.10

C.15

D.20


正确答案:A
解析:本题考查Do…LoopWhile语句,共执行了5次,total=1+2+3+4+5>10。

第8题:

听力原文:Banks are crucial to a country's economy, they serve as the center point of the exchange of money throughout the economy.

(10)

A.Cash is crucial to a country's economy.

B.Money is crucial to a country's economy.

C.Capital is crucial to a country's economy.

D.Banks are crucial to a country's economy.


正确答案:D
解析:录音说的是银行对一国的经济很重要。

第9题:

A suitable title for this text might be( )

[A] How to Develop U.S. Economy

[B] The Relation between American Industry and New Economy

[C]Digital Engine Powers New Economy

[D] Our New Policy on Economy


正确答案:C

第10题:


How does codification of the laws affect governmental agents?( )

A.The law will be interpreted objectively rather than subjectively.
B.Government agencies have to compromise with factual conditions.
C.Occasionally,governmental agencies have to redress,correct or adapt a law for their beneft.
D.Laws cannot be altered or modified but they can be incremented with new court decisions and also through jurisprudence.

答案:A
解析:
推断题。根据题干关键词codification of the laws affect governmental agents可定位到第三段第二、三句The government of a large group requires an elaborate organization,the practices of which may be made more consistent and effective by codification.How codes of law affect governmental agents is the principal subject of jurisprudence,由此可知,政府需要elaborate organization(精心组织),政府的行为需要more consistent and effective(更为始终如一、有效),即政府机构工作人员必须严格按照法律规定,客观地履行自己的职责,故本题选A。参考译文:政府机关发展的过程中最重要的一点是管理行为法规的编纂,法律或法学研究通常涉及政府过去或现在的一些守则和做法。它还关注有关行为功能分析的一些问题。什么是法律?法律在政府管理中发挥什么作用?尤其是,它对管理者和政府机构成员的行为有什么影响?法律通常有两个重要特征。首先,它规范行为。它不是从表面上描述这种行为,而是就其行为对其他人的影响而言——对政府管理对象的影响。例如,当我们被告知一个人作伪证时,我们没有被告知他实际上说了什么。“抢劫”和“攻击”也不是指具体的应对方式。这些都只是强调令人厌恶的行为——在伪证中,口头答复与某些事实情况之间没有习惯性的对应关系,抢劫是对积极强化行为的消除,攻击则是对人身的伤害行为。第二,法律规定或暗示后果,通常是惩罚。因此,法律是由政府机构维持的强化措施的说明。法律在编纂前,应急措施可能成为一种控制性做法,也可能代表着通过法律生效的新做法。因此,法律既是对过去做法的描述,也是对将来类似做法的保证。法律是一种行为准则,在某种意义上,它规定了某些行为的后果,反过来又“规范”行为。法律对管理机构的影响。一大群人的政府需要一个精心组织的机构,可通过编纂法规使该机构的运行更加一致有效。法律规范如何影响政府机构是法理学的主要话题。行为过程很复杂,虽然这可能不算新颖。为了维护或“执行”出现意外情况的政府管理,一个机构必须确定一个人非法行为的事实,并且必须解释一个守则来确定惩罚,而且处罚必须执行。通常把这些部分划分为机构的特殊部门。个体“不在他人之下,而在法律之下”带来的好处通常是显而易见的,伟大的法律编纂者在文明史上享有盛誉。然而,编纂并不会改变政府行为的本质,也不会弥补其所有的缺陷。

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