单选题According to the speaker, ______ .A the Japanese imported industrial silicon for breast implants after World War II.B the invading forces sold silicon to Japanese women working in factories.C plastic surgery is also very popular with women in Western c

题目

单选题

According to the speaker, ______ .

the Japanese imported industrial silicon for breast implants after World War II.

the invading forces sold silicon to Japanese women working in factories.

plastic surgery is also very popular with women in Western countries.

Asian women undergoing plastic surgery are eager to emigrate to the US.

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相似问题和答案

第1题：

In the years after the Civil War most American painters received their training in Europe, the majority studying in the French schools at Paris or Barbizon, and a smaller number in Germany at Munich(慕尼黑) and Dusseldorf(杜塞尔多夫). The teaching of the Barbizon school, which stressed the use of color and the creation of an impression or a mood, influenced many American artists. One group of American painters, led by James McNeill Whistler and John Singer Sargent, expatriated(移居国外) themselves from the American scene and settled in Europe. Whistler, who is often ranked as the greatest genius(天才) in the history of American art, was a versatile(多才多艺的) and industrious(勤奋的) artist who was equally proficient(熟练的) in several media-oil, watercolor, etching(铜版画)-and with several themes-portraits and his so-called "nocturnes(夜景画)", impressionistic sketches(印象画) of moonlight on water and other scenes. He was one of the first to appreciate the beauty of Japanese color prints and to introduce Oriental concepts into Western art.

1. For a period after the Civil War, the majority of American painters ____.

A、was influenced by the Barbizon school

B、painted in the impressionist style

C、studied art in Europe

D、used striking color in their work

2. According to the passage, one group of American painters ____.

A、left America never to return

B、turned their back on the American art tradition

C、copied the style. of Whistler and Sargent

D、were unaffected by the European style. of painting

3. From the passage we are led to believe that Whistler ____.

A、did much of his painting at night

B、produced a large number of pictures

C、combined several media and themes in his paintings

D、was most proficient in impressionistic sketches

4. According to the passage, Whistler was one of the first Western painters to ____.

A、use Japanese ideas in his own work

B、become interested in Japanese printing

C、admire Japanese oil paintings

D、start producing Japanese sketches

5. The main theme of this passage is ____.

A、Whistler's influence on Western art

B、The influence of European art on American painters

C、The influence of Oriental art on Whistler

D、The American painters' influence in Europe

参考答案：1-5：CABAB

第2题：

资料：Even as rich countries seek to rid workplaces of subtle gender bias, in many developing ones discrimination remains overt. According to the World Bank, women are barred from certain jobs in 104 countries.（1）
“Gender equality in labour law is associated with more women working and earning more relative to men,” says Sarah Iqbal of the Bank. Yet some countries publish lists of jobs deemed too dangerous for women （Russia’s 456 include driving a train or steering a ship）. Others stop women from working in entire sectors, at night or in “morally inappropriate” jobs （in Kazakhstan women cannot bleed or stun cattle, pigs or small ruminants）. In four countries women cannot register a business. In 18 a husband can stop his wife working. A（2）
The aim is often to protect the “weaker sex”. Some laws put women in the same category as children; they concern jobs seen as physically tough, such as mining, construction and manufacturing. Others relate to broader safety fears. In Mumbai, for example, female shopkeepers cannot work as late as male ones. Other laws are intended to protect capacity to bear children. “Such policies often have demographic motivations, especially in countries with low birth rates,” says Ms Iqbal. （3）
Restrictions on night work originated in England during the Industrial Revolution. B In 1948 the International Labour Organisation （ILO） still sought to keep women away from mines and industrial nightwork. Spain did not lift restrictions on female workers in mining, electricity and some construction jobs until 1995. Some bans on women’s work still in place in former colonies are remnants of the 1960 Spanish Civil Code, the Napoleonic Code or Commonwealth laws. （4）
Some laws are of surprisingly recent origin: Vietnam’s ban on women driving tractors of 50 horsepower or more came into force in 2013. But on balance, the trend is towards liberalisation. In recent years Bulgaria, Kiribati and Poland have removed all restrictions; Colombia and Congo have got rid of some. Other countries have changed laws in light of technological advances that have made many jobs safer and less reliant on brute force, or have seen courts overturn bans as discriminatory. C（5）
Labour shortages are also leading to change. When many male miners left Marmato, in Colombia, to find better pay elsewhere, female replacements were tolerated, even though hiring them broke the law. Similarly, when male truckers in eastern European countries that joined the European Union left for western ones, pressure to let women replace them increased. And the end of a ban on women working nights in the Philippines in 2011 was cheered on by call-centres, which need staff during daytime in America and Europe. （6）
Some sex-specific restrictions are called for, says the ILO, particularly in the case of pregnant and breast-feeding women, for example when working with chemicals.（Such temporary and specific precautions are not counted in the World Bank’s study.） But, concludes the ILO, blanket protective prohibitions are “increasingly obsolete”. D（7）

What does “blanket protective prohibitions are ‘increasingly obsolete’” mean in the last paragraph?

A.In blanket industry, the work restrictions on women have become very strict.
B.Restrictions on women in blanket industry have taken off in some countries.
C.In order to protect women’s rights, work restrictions should be banned.
D.Work restrictions that claim to protect all women are no longer popular.

答案：C

解析：

本题考查的是推理判断。
【关键词】“blanket protective prohibitions are ‘increasingly obsolete’” ; mean; in the last paragraph
【主题句】第7自然段Some sex-specific restrictions are called for, says the ILO, particularly in the case of pregnant and breast-feeding women, for example when working with chemicals.（Such temporary and specific precautions are not counted in the World Bank’s study.） But, concludes the ILO, blanket protective prohibitions are “increasingly obsolete”. 国际劳工组织称，需要一些针对性别的限制要求，打比方说，特别是妇女在怀孕和哺乳的情况下从事化工工作（这种临时和具体的预防措施不计入世界银行的研究中）。但是，国际劳工组织总结说，全面保护性禁令“越来越过时”。
【解析】本题的问题是“全面保护禁令'越来越过时'在最后一段意味着什么？” A选项“在毛毯行业，对女性的工作限制变得非常严格”；B选项“一些国家已经解除毛毯行业对妇女的工作限制”；C选项“为了保护妇女的权利，应该废除工作限制”；D选项“声称保护女性的工作限制不再受欢迎”。根据主题句可知，国际劳工组织对全面保护禁令持否定态度，主张除特殊情况外解除对女性从业限制，故选C。

第3题：

Before and during World War II, families faced few financial problems in the industrialized world, so women didn’t have to work outside the home. Families were perfect.()

参考答案：错误

第4题：

资料：Even as rich countries seek to rid workplaces of subtle gender bias, in many developing ones discrimination remains overt. According to the World Bank, women are barred from certain jobs in 104 countries.（1）
“Gender equality in labour law is associated with more women working and earning more relative to men,” says Sarah Iqbal of the Bank. Yet some countries publish lists of jobs deemed too dangerous for women （Russia’s 456 include driving a train or steering a ship）. Others stop women from working in entire sectors, at night or in “morally inappropriate” jobs （in Kazakhstan women cannot bleed or stun cattle, pigs or small ruminants）. In four countries women cannot register a business. In 18 a husband can stop his wife working. A（2）
The aim is often to protect the “weaker sex”. Some laws put women in the same category as children; they concern jobs seen as physically tough, such as mining, construction and manufacturing. Others relate to broader safety fears. In Mumbai, for example, female shopkeepers cannot work as late as male ones. Other laws are intended to protect capacity to bear children. “Such policies often have demographic motivations, especially in countries with low birth rates,” says Ms Iqbal. （3）
Restrictions on night work originated in England during the Industrial Revolution. B In 1948 the International Labour Organisation （ILO） still sought to keep women away from mines and industrial nightwork. Spain did not lift restrictions on female workers in mining, electricity and some construction jobs until 1995. Some bans on women’s work still in place in former colonies are remnants of the 1960 Spanish Civil Code, the Napoleonic Code or Commonwealth laws. （4）
Some laws are of surprisingly recent origin: Vietnam’s ban on women driving tractors of 50 horsepower or more came into force in 2013. But on balance, the trend is towards liberalisation. In recent years Bulgaria, Kiribati and Poland have removed all restrictions; Colombia and Congo have got rid of some. Other countries have changed laws in light of technological advances that have made many jobs safer and less reliant on brute force, or have seen courts overturn bans as discriminatory. C（5）
Labour shortages are also leading to change. When many male miners left Marmato, in Colombia, to find better pay elsewhere, female replacements were tolerated, even though hiring them broke the law. Similarly, when male truckers in eastern European countries that joined the European Union left for western ones, pressure to let women replace them increased. And the end of a ban on women working nights in the Philippines in 2011 was cheered on by call-centres, which need staff during daytime in America and Europe. （6）
Some sex-specific restrictions are called for, says the ILO, particularly in the case of pregnant and breast-feeding women, for example when working with chemicals.（Such temporary and specific precautions are not counted in the World Bank’s study.） But, concludes the ILO, blanket protective prohibitions are “increasingly obsolete”. D（7）

Which of the following is the reason for the change related to gender discrimination in job market?

A.Some jobs are too dangerous for women.
B.Men are hunting higher paid jobs in other places.
C.In specific areas women are paid higher than men.
D.Women have the choice of not bearing children.

答案：B

解析：

本题考查的是细节理解。
【关键词】 reason; for the change related to gender discrimination
【主题句】第6自然段Labour shortages are also leading to change. When many male miners left Marmato, in Colombia, to find better pay elsewhere, female replacements were tolerated, even though hiring them broke the law. Similarly, when male truckers in eastern European countries that joined the European Union left for western ones, pressure to let women replace them increased. And the end of a ban on women working nights in the Philippines in 2011 was cheered on by call-centres, which need staff during daytime in America and Europe. 劳动力短缺也导致了变化的发生。当许多男性矿工离开哥伦比亚的马托马，到其他地方找到更好的待遇时，即便雇用女性违法，还是容许了女性替代男性工作。同样，当加入欧盟的东欧国家的男性卡车司机前往西方国家务工时，让女性替代他们的压力增加了。 2011年，菲律宾废除女性在夜间工作的禁令，让需要白班工作人员的美欧呼叫中心大为欢呼。
【解析】本题的问题是“以下哪项是与就业市场中的性别歧视相关变化的原因？” A选项“有些工作对女性来说太危险了”；B选项“男性正在其他地方寻找薪水较高的工作”；C选项“在特定领域，妇女的报酬高于男子”；D选项“女人可以选择不带孩子”。根据主题句，性格歧视变化主要原因是劳动力短缺，从而导致允许女性代替男性工作，故选B。

第5题：

资料：Even as rich countries seek to rid workplaces of subtle gender bias, in many developing ones discrimination remains overt. According to the World Bank, women are barred from certain jobs in 104 countries.（1）
“Gender equality in labour law is associated with more women working and earning more relative to men,” says Sarah Iqbal of the Bank. Yet some countries publish lists of jobs deemed too dangerous for women （Russia’s 456 include driving a train or steering a ship）. Others stop women from working in entire sectors, at night or in “morally inappropriate” jobs （in Kazakhstan women cannot bleed or stun cattle, pigs or small ruminants）. In four countries women cannot register a business. In 18 a husband can stop his wife working. A（2）
The aim is often to protect the “weaker sex”. Some laws put women in the same category as children; they concern jobs seen as physically tough, such as mining, construction and manufacturing. Others relate to broader safety fears. In Mumbai, for example, female shopkeepers cannot work as late as male ones. Other laws are intended to protect capacity to bear children. “Such policies often have demographic motivations, especially in countries with low birth rates,” says Ms Iqbal. （3）
Restrictions on night work originated in England during the Industrial Revolution. B In 1948 the International Labour Organisation （ILO） still sought to keep women away from mines and industrial nightwork. Spain did not lift restrictions on female workers in mining, electricity and some construction jobs until 1995. Some bans on women’s work still in place in former colonies are remnants of the 1960 Spanish Civil Code, the Napoleonic Code or Commonwealth laws. （4）
Some laws are of surprisingly recent origin: Vietnam’s ban on women driving tractors of 50 horsepower or more came into force in 2013. But on balance, the trend is towards liberalisation. In recent years Bulgaria, Kiribati and Poland have removed all restrictions; Colombia and Congo have got rid of some. Other countries have changed laws in light of technological advances that have made many jobs safer and less reliant on brute force, or have seen courts overturn bans as discriminatory. C（5）
Labour shortages are also leading to change. When many male miners left Marmato, in Colombia, to find better pay elsewhere, female replacements were tolerated, even though hiring them broke the law. Similarly, when male truckers in eastern European countries that joined the European Union left for western ones, pressure to let women replace them increased. And the end of a ban on women working nights in the Philippines in 2011 was cheered on by call-centres, which need staff during daytime in America and Europe. （6）
Some sex-specific restrictions are called for, says the ILO, particularly in the case of pregnant and breast-feeding women, for example when working with chemicals.（Such temporary and specific precautions are not counted in the World Bank’s study.） But, concludes the ILO, blanket protective prohibitions are “increasingly obsolete”. D（7）

Read the whole passage and decide in which place the following sentence should be put: “They were based on the idea that women not only were weaker and more vulnerable to exploitation than men, but also lacked competence to make valid choices.”

A.B
B.C
C.D
D.D

答案：A

解析：

本题考查的是细节理解。
【关键词】in which place; the following sentence should be put
【主题句】
第2自然段“Gender equality in labour law is associated with more women working and earning more relative to men,” says Sarah Iqbal of the Bank. Yet some countries publish lists of jobs deemed too dangerous for women （Russia’s 456 include driving a train or steering a ship）. Others stop women from working in entire sectors, at night or in “morally inappropriate” jobs （in Kazakhstan women cannot bleed or stun cattle, pigs or small ruminants）. In four countries women cannot register a business. In 18 a husband can stop his wife working. A
“劳动法中的性别平等与更多的工作且薪资高于男性的女性相关，”世行的Sarah Iqbal说。然而，一些国家公布了认为女性不宜从事的过于危险工作清单（俄罗斯的456包括驾驶火车或驾驶船只）。其他国家阻止妇女在整个行业工作，晚上工作或“道德上不合适”的工作（在哈萨克斯坦妇女不能将牛、猪或小反刍动物放血或者致晕）。在四个国家，妇女无法注册企业。18岁的丈夫可以阻止他的妻子工作。A
第4自然段Restrictions on night work originated in England during the Industrial Revolution.B In 1948 the International Labour Organisation （ILO） still sought to keep women away from mines and industrial nightwork. Spain did not lift restrictions on female workers in mining, electricity and some construction jobs until 1995.
夜间工作的限制起源于工业革命期间的英格兰。B 1948年，国际劳工组织（劳工组织）仍试图让妇女远离采矿和工业夜间工作。西班牙直到1995年才解除女工在采矿、电力和一些建筑工作的限制。
第5自然段Some laws are of surprisingly recent origin: Vietnam’s ban on women driving tractors of 50 horsepower or more came into force in 2013. But on balance, the trend is towards liberalisation. In recent years Bulgaria, Kiribati and Poland have removed all restrictions; Colombia and Congo have got rid of some. Other countries have changed laws in light of technological advances that have made many jobs safer and less reliant on brute force, or have seen courts overturn bans as discriminatory. C
有些法律竟然起源于近期：越南禁止女性驾驶50马力或更高的拖拉机于2013年生效。但总的来说，趋势是走向自由化。近年来，保加利亚、基里巴斯和波兰取消了所有限制；哥伦比亚和刚果已经摆脱了一些禁令。其他国家基于技术进步使得许多工作更安全，更少依赖蛮力已经改变了法律，或者法院推翻有歧视性的禁令。C
第7自然段Some sex-specific restrictions are called for, says the ILO, particularly in the case of pregnant and breast-feeding women, for example when working with chemicals.（Such temporary and specific precautions are not counted in the World Bank’s study.） But, concludes the ILO, blanket protective prohibitions are “increasingly obsolete”. D
国际劳工组织称，需要一些针对性别的限制要求，打比方说，特别是妇女在怀孕和哺乳的情况下从事化工工作（这种临时和具体的预防措施不计入世界银行的研究中）。但是，国际劳工组织总结说，全面保护性禁令“越来越过时”。
【解析】本题的问题是“阅读整篇文章并决定下列句子‘他们基于这样的想法——女性不仅比男性更弱，更容易受剥削，而且缺乏做出有效选择的能力’应放在哪个位置？” 根据主题句，A选项主要描述一些国家对于女性工作的诸多限制，而插入的句子具体阐释为什么限制女性工作的原因，因此题意吻合，故选A。

第6题：

According to the American linguist, Deborah Tannen, communication habits vary depending on individual personality, culture, and among other factors, gender(性别). Since male ways of communicating are standard in business, women’s ways of talking are often ignored or misunderstood in the workplace. Tannen emphasizes that female and male style. are both valid(有效的). Here are some of Tannen’s main points:

Conversational styles in boys and girls show up(显现)early. Even 5-year-old boys care about their ranks in the group, while 5-year-old girls care more about being in or out of the group. Therefore, men’s conversational styles often use competition(竞争), while women try to keep the appearance of equality(平等).

Women tend to apologize more than men, as an attempt(试图)to restore(恢复)the power balance (权力平衡) in conversation. When men simply accept the apology rather than part of the responsibility, women feel unjustly (不公正地)blameD.Western women favor indirect ways of speaking, which is interpreted(理解)by Western men as showing insecurity(局促不安) and lack of confidence(缺乏自信). However, this gender difference is also a cultural difference: Japanese business culture demands indirectness, and direct approach used by Western businessmen is often seen as rude by the Japanese.

1. Communication habits vary depending on individual personality, culture and diet.()

A.True

B.False

2. Business people normally act according to how men communicate with each other.()

A.True

B.False

3. Kids are concerned about similar things when they are about 5.()

A.True

B.False

4. Women tend to feel that it is not fair to be blamed when men don’t think they are also responsible for certain thing.()

A.True

B.False

5. Women in the west like indirect ways of speaking, which is taken by men as confident.()

A.True

B.False

正确答案：1.B2.A3.B4.A5.B

第7题：

资料：Even as rich countries seek to rid workplaces of subtle gender bias, in many developing ones discrimination remains overt. According to the World Bank, women are barred from certain jobs in 104 countries.（1）
“Gender equality in labour law is associated with more women working and earning more relative to men,” says Sarah Iqbal of the Bank. Yet some countries publish lists of jobs deemed too dangerous for women （Russia’s 456 include driving a train or steering a ship）. Others stop women from working in entire sectors, at night or in “morally inappropriate” jobs （in Kazakhstan women cannot bleed or stun cattle, pigs or small ruminants）. In four countries women cannot register a business. In 18 a husband can stop his wife working. A（2）
The aim is often to protect the “weaker sex”. Some laws put women in the same category as children; they concern jobs seen as physically tough, such as mining, construction and manufacturing. Others relate to broader safety fears. In Mumbai, for example, female shopkeepers cannot work as late as male ones. Other laws are intended to protect capacity to bear children. “Such policies often have demographic motivations, especially in countries with low birth rates,” says Ms Iqbal. （3）
Restrictions on night work originated in England during the Industrial Revolution. B In 1948 the International Labour Organisation （ILO） still sought to keep women away from mines and industrial nightwork. Spain did not lift restrictions on female workers in mining, electricity and some construction jobs until 1995. Some bans on women’s work still in place in former colonies are remnants of the 1960 Spanish Civil Code, the Napoleonic Code or Commonwealth laws. （4）
Some laws are of surprisingly recent origin: Vietnam’s ban on women driving tractors of 50 horsepower or more came into force in 2013. But on balance, the trend is towards liberalisation. In recent years Bulgaria, Kiribati and Poland have removed all restrictions; Colombia and Congo have got rid of some. Other countries have changed laws in light of technological advances that have made many jobs safer and less reliant on brute force, or have seen courts overturn bans as discriminatory. C（5）
Labour shortages are also leading to change. When many male miners left Marmato, in Colombia, to find better pay elsewhere, female replacements were tolerated, even though hiring them broke the law. Similarly, when male truckers in eastern European countries that joined the European Union left for western ones, pressure to let women replace them increased. And the end of a ban on women working nights in the Philippines in 2011 was cheered on by call-centres, which need staff during daytime in America and Europe. （6）
Some sex-specific restrictions are called for, says the ILO, particularly in the case of pregnant and breast-feeding women, for example when working with chemicals.（Such temporary and specific precautions are not counted in the World Bank’s study.） But, concludes the ILO, blanket protective prohibitions are “increasingly obsolete”. D（7）

Which statement is true about the restrictions on work?

A.In developing countries, the gender discrimination in work field is spreading to more countries.
B.Due to work restrictions, women cannot work in some tough industries.
C.Women appreciate being treated as weaker sex in some countries so as to bear children.
D.Lifting restrictions on a list of dangerous jobs can help to solve the problem of inequality in work.

答案：B

解析：

本题考查的是细节理解。
【关键词】true; about the restrictions on work
【主题句】第1自然段Even as rich countries seek to rid workplaces of subtle gender bias, in many developing ones discrimination remains overt. According to the World Bank, women are barred from certain jobs in 104 countries. 即使富裕国家试图摆脱工作场所微妙的性别偏见，但在许多发展中国家，歧视仍然存在。根据世界银行的统计，104个国家的妇女被禁止从事某些工作。
第3自然段The aim is often to protect the “weaker sex”. Some laws put women in the same category as children; they concern jobs seen as physically tough, such as mining, construction and manufacturing. 目的通常是保护“弱势性”。有些法律规定妇女与儿童同属一个类别；它们涉及到看起来体力要求高的工作，例如采矿、建筑和制造业。
第3自然段Others relate to broader safety fears. In Mumbai, for example, female shopkeepers cannot work as late as male ones. Other laws are intended to protect capacity to bear children. “Such policies often have demographic motivations, especially in countries with low birth rates,” says Ms Iqbal. 其他涉及更多的安全问题的担忧。例如，在孟买，女店主不能和男子一样营业得那么晚。其他法律旨在保护女性繁衍后代的能力。 “这些政策往往具有人口动机，特别是在出生率低的国家，”伊克巴尔女士说。
第4自然段Restrictions on night work originated in England during the Industrial Revolution. In 1948 the International Labour Organisation （ILO） still sought to keep women away from mines and industrial nightwork. Spain did not lift restrictions on female workers in mining, electricity and some construction jobs until 1995.夜间工作的限制起源于工业革命期间的英格兰。1948年，国际劳工组织（劳工组织）仍试图让妇女远离采矿和工业夜间工作。西班牙直到1995年才解除女工在采矿、电力和一些建筑工作的限制。第5自然段But on balance, the trend is towards liberalisation. 但总的来说，趋势是走向自由化。
【解析】本题的问题是“哪个关于工作限制的说法是正确的？”A选项“在发展中国家，工作领域的性别歧视正在蔓延到更多国家”；B选项“由于工作限制，女性不能在一些体力要求高的行业工作”；C选项“妇女对于在一些国家被视为性别弱势好来繁衍后代很欣慰”；D选项“取消对一系列危险工作的限制有助于解决工作中的不平等问题”。根据主题句，许多发展中国家存在性格歧视，但并没有体现蔓延趋势，A选项错误；结合上下文，由于法律限制，女性不能涉及采矿、建筑等工作，B选项正确；根据被采访者伊克巴尔女士的说法，不能推断女性群体对此持肯定态度，故C选项错误；取消对一系列危险工作的限制有助于解决不平等，文中未提及，故D选项错误。

第8题：

Traditional Japanese families take women as a piece of property, which is subjected to men’s disposal.()

参考答案：正确

第9题：

资料：Even as rich countries seek to rid workplaces of subtle gender bias, in many developing ones discrimination remains overt. According to the World Bank, women are barred from certain jobs in 104 countries.（1）
“Gender equality in labour law is associated with more women working and earning more relative to men,” says Sarah Iqbal of the Bank. Yet some countries publish lists of jobs deemed too dangerous for women （Russia’s 456 include driving a train or steering a ship）. Others stop women from working in entire sectors, at night or in “morally inappropriate” jobs （in Kazakhstan women cannot bleed or stun cattle, pigs or small ruminants）. In four countries women cannot register a business. In 18 a husband can stop his wife working. A（2）
The aim is often to protect the “weaker sex”. Some laws put women in the same category as children; they concern jobs seen as physically tough, such as mining, construction and manufacturing. Others relate to broader safety fears. In Mumbai, for example, female shopkeepers cannot work as late as male ones. Other laws are intended to protect capacity to bear children. “Such policies often have demographic motivations, especially in countries with low birth rates,” says Ms Iqbal. （3）
Restrictions on night work originated in England during the Industrial Revolution. B In 1948 the International Labour Organisation （ILO） still sought to keep women away from mines and industrial nightwork. Spain did not lift restrictions on female workers in mining, electricity and some construction jobs until 1995. Some bans on women’s work still in place in former colonies are remnants of the 1960 Spanish Civil Code, the Napoleonic Code or Commonwealth laws. （4）
Some laws are of surprisingly recent origin: Vietnam’s ban on women driving tractors of 50 horsepower or more came into force in 2013. But on balance, the trend is towards liberalisation. In recent years Bulgaria, Kiribati and Poland have removed all restrictions; Colombia and Congo have got rid of some. Other countries have changed laws in light of technological advances that have made many jobs safer and less reliant on brute force, or have seen courts overturn bans as discriminatory. C（5）
Labour shortages are also leading to change. When many male miners left Marmato, in Colombia, to find better pay elsewhere, female replacements were tolerated, even though hiring them broke the law. Similarly, when male truckers in eastern European countries that joined the European Union left for western ones, pressure to let women replace them increased. And the end of a ban on women working nights in the Philippines in 2011 was cheered on by call-centres, which need staff during daytime in America and Europe. （6）
Some sex-specific restrictions are called for, says the ILO, particularly in the case of pregnant and breast-feeding women, for example when working with chemicals.（Such temporary and specific precautions are not counted in the World Bank’s study.） But, concludes the ILO, blanket protective prohibitions are “increasingly obsolete”. D（7）

“But on balance, the trend is towards liberalization” （Paragraph 5） indicates that ____________.

A.Vietnam’s ban is a reflection of reform responding to the gender bias in job markets
B.making laws about restrictions on women’s work has led to liberalisation
C.more countries have taken measures to abrogate work restrictions on women
D.the ILO has led a movement to eliminate work restrictions on women

答案：C

解析：

本题考查的是推理判断。
【关键词】“But on balance, the trend is towards liberalization” （Paragraph 5）; indicates
【主题句】第5自然段Some laws are of surprisingly recent origin: Vietnam’s ban on women driving tractors of 50 horsepower or more came into force in 2013. But on balance, the trend is towards liberalisation. In recent years Bulgaria, Kiribati and Poland have removed all restrictions; Colombia and Congo have got rid of some. Other countries have changed laws in light of technological advances that have made many jobs safer and less reliant on brute force, or have seen courts overturn bans as discriminatory. 有些法律竟然起源于近期：越南禁止女性驾驶50马力或更高的拖拉机于2013年生效。但总的来说，趋势是走向自由化。近年来，保加利亚、基里巴斯和波兰取消了所有限制；哥伦比亚和刚果已经摆脱了一些禁令。其他国家基于技术进步使得许多工作更安全，更少依赖蛮力已经改变了法律，或者法院推翻有歧视性的禁令。
【解析】本题的问题是““但总的来说，趋势是走向自由化”（第5段）表明_______ ”。 A选项“越南的禁令是应对就业市场中的性别偏见的改革体现”；B选项“制定关于限制妇女工作的法律导致了自由化”；C选项“更多国家已采取措施废除对妇女的工作限制”；D选项“国际劳工组织领导了一项消除对妇女工作限制的运动”。根据主题句，自由化的表现主要是保加利亚、基里巴斯、波兰等国家纷纷取消妇女工作限制或禁令，故C选项正确。

第10题：

共用题干
第三篇

Food for Learning

In Eritrea,a small country in northeast Africa,approximately 80 percent of the population is illiterate.
That percentage is even higher for women.As in many developing countries,most Eritreans have traditional
ideas about the role of women.They believe that women should stay home and take care of the family and
should not get an education or look for a job.
These beliefs are one of the factors that prevent Eritrea and other developing countries from improving
their economic situation. Experience in many countries has shown that educated women have fewer children
and have more opportunities for improving their lives and the lives of their families.In Eritrea,in fact,there is
great need for improvement.It is one of the poorest countries in the world.For many Eritrean families,getting
enough food is a daily problem.
To deal with these problems,the Eritrean government,together with the World Food Program,has a new
program that offers food as a reward for learning. In primary schools,all the children receive food packages to
take home to their families.However,with the new program,the girls receive 50 percent more food than the
boys.This way,parents are encouraged to send their daughters to school rather than keeping them at home.
Another government program that aims to educate women is Food for Training. Managed by the National
Union of Eritrean Women,this pro缪m offers food rewards(also from the World Food Organization)to women
and older girls who are willing to join the program.Because of the war with Ethiopia,many women are bring-
ing up their families on their own.They often live in refugee camps,with no land of their own and no way to
earn money. Most of these women are illiterate and have no skills to find a job.They spend most of their day
looking for food and preparing it for their families.
The Food for Training program helps the teenagers and women change their lives.If they agree to join
he program,they receive a large package of food each month.In return,the women are required to attend free
literacy classes for two卜ours every day. When Food for Training started with classes in two regions of Eritrea,
5,000 girls and women joined in the first two months.It is especially popular with teenage girls,aged fourteen
to sixteen,who have never had a chance to go to school before.
The organizers of Food for Training also plan to offer other kinds of courses for women,using the same
system of food rewards.In these courses,they will teach women job skills and crafts,such as basket weaving.
These women will not only learn to read and write,but also become aware of what is going on in their coun-
try，and they will be able to have a voice in their future.

The new literacy programs are an example of__________.
A:the work of 5,000 women and teenage girls
B:the problems with international aid organizations
C:local and international organizations working together
D:the Eritrean government working to keep its power

答案：C

解析：

短文第二段第一句提到，是对妇女的传统观点影响了经济的发展，故选C。
从短文第三段中间可知，政府此举在于改变对妇女的传统观念。
从短文第五段第三句可知，只要她们参加免费的识字课就可以领到食物，所以选A。
从短文第三段第一句可知，这一项目是厄立特里亚政府和国际组织合作的结果。因此，选项C正确。
从短文第五段的第一句可知，该项目旨在改善妇女的生活条件。

单选题According to the speaker, ______ .A the Japanese imported industrial silicon for breast implants after World War II.B the invading forces sold silicon to Japanese women working in factories.C plastic surgery is also very popular with women in Western c

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