scholars in the Renaissance period
Jill Kerr Conway
scholars in the Dark Ages
Plato
第1题：
Text 4
Jill Ker Conway ,president of Smith ,echoes the prevailing view of contemporary technology when she says that " anyone in today's world who doesn't understand data processing is not educated. " But she insists that the mcreasing emphasis on these matters leave certain gaps. Says she: "The very strongly utilitarian emphasis in education ,which is an effect of man-made satellites and the cold war, has really removed from this culture something that was very profound in its 18th and 19th century roots ,which was a sense that literacy and learning were ends in themselves for a demo- cratic republic. "
In contrast to Plato's claim for the social value of education,a quite different idea of intellectu-al purposes was advocated by the Renaissance humanists. Ovejoyed with their rediscovery of the classical leaming that was thought to have disappeared during the Dark Ages,they argued that the imparting of knowledge needs no justification-religious ,social ,economic ,or political. Its purpose,to the extent that it has one ,is to pass on from generation to generation the corpus of knowledge that constitutes civilization. "What could man acquire ,by virtuous striving ,that is more valuable than knowledge?" asked Erasmus ,perhaps the greatest scholar of the early 16th century. That idea has acquired a tradition of its own. "The educational process has no end beyond itself," said John Dewey. "It is its own end. "
But what exactly is the corpus of knowledge to be passed on? In simpler times ,it was all included in the medieval universities' Quadrivium ( arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music ) and Trivium( grammar, thetoric ,logic). As recently as the last century ,when less than 5% of Americans went to college at all, students in New England establishments were compelled mainly to memorize and recite various Latin texts,and crusty professors angrily opposed the introduction of any new scientific discoveries or modern European languages. "They felt," said regretfully Charles Francis Adams, Jr. ,the Union Pacific Railroad president who devoted his later years to writing history ,"that a classical education was the important distinction between a man who had been to college and a man who had not been to college ,and that anything that diminished the importance of this distinction was essentially revolutionary and tended to anarchy. "
56. The first paragraph shows that Jill Ker Conway accepts utilitarian emphasis in education
[A] wholeheartedly.
[B] with reservation.
[C] against her own will.
[D] with contempt.
第2题：
The idea that education transmits knowledge is dated back to
[A] the Renaissance humanists.
[B ] the medieval universities.
[C] the 18th century's American scholars.
[D] the cold war period.
第3题：
(A)in
(B) about
(C) with
(D) for
正确答案：C
解答参考：C此题考察词组搭配be concerned about 关心，担心;be concerned with 与……有关，忙于 【译文】有四个人在管儿童教育方面的事。
第4题：
Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph?
［A］ Democratic ideas started with education.
［B］ Federalists were opposed to education.
［C］ New education helped confirm people’s social status.
［D］ Old education had been in tune with hierarchical society.
本题是推理引申题。文章第一段第一句指出，随着19世纪上半叶民主权利的扩展以及随之而来的联邦主义机构的削弱，一种新的教育观念出现了。接下来的内容主要是围绕这种新的教育观念展开论述。从第一句话中可以得知，是民主权利的扩展带来了新的教育观念的产生，［A］项颠倒了二者的先后顺序，应排除。文中提到“新”的教育观念是在联邦主义机构削弱的情况下产生的。由此只能得出，新的教育观念与联邦主义有些冲突，并不能得出联邦主义者反对整个教育即［B］项的结论。第二句作者指出，教育不再是对人们先前存在的地位的确定，而成了获得更高地位的手段。［C］项与文意相悖，因此不正确。通过该句“不再”（no longer）可以推断出，从前的教育可以确定人们的社会地位，因此［D］项为正确答案。
第5题：
A、classmate
B、offer
C、ripe
D、role
第6题：
Education for education's sake was probably opposed by
[A] scholars in the Renaissance period.
[B] Jill Ker Conway.
[C] scholars in the Dark Ages.
[D] Plato.
第7题：
Despite scholars’ study, the () of human beings is still unclear.
A、origin
B、cause
C、begin
D、initiate
第8题：
Text2With the extension of democratic rights in the first half of the nineteenth century and the ensuing decline of the Federalist establishment, a new conception of education began to emerge.Education was no longer a confirmation of a preexisting status, but an instrument in the acquisition of higher status.For a new generation of upwardly mobile students, the goal of education was not to prepare them to live comfortably in the world into which they had been born, but to teach them new virtues and skills that would propel them into a different and better world.Education became training; and the student was no longer the gentlemaninwaiting, but the journeyman apprentice for upward mobility.
In the nineteenth century a college education began to be seen as a way to get ahead in the world.The founding of the landgrant colleges opened the doors of higher education to poor but aspiring boys from nonAngloSaxon, workingclass and lowermiddleclass backgrounds.The myth of the poor boy who worked his way through college to success drew millions of poor boys to the new campuses.And with this shift, education became more vocational: its object was the acquisition of practical skills and useful information.
For the gentlemaninwaiting, virtue consisted above all in grace and style, in doing well what was appropriate to his position; education was merely a way of acquiring polish.And vice was manifested in gracelessness, awkwardness, in behaving inappropriately, discourteously, or ostentatiously.For the apprentice, however, virtue was evidenced in success through hard work.The requisite qualities of character were not grace or style, but drive, determination, and a sharp eye for opportunity.While casual liberality and even prodigality characterized the gentleman, frugality, thrift, and selfcontrol came to distinguish the new apprentice.And while the gentleman did not aspire to a higher station because his station was already high, the apprentice was continually becoming, striving, struggling upward.Failure for the apprentice meant standing still, not rising.
第26题：Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph?
［A］ Democratic ideas started with education.
［B］ Federalists were opposed to education.
［C］ New education helped confirm people’s social status.
［D］ Old education had been in tune with hierarchical society.
第9题：
According to the passage, one important change in United States education by the 1920's was that ______.
A) most places required children to attend
B) the amount of time spent on formal education was limited
C) new regulations were imposed on nontraditional education
D) adults and children studied in the same classes
第10题：