Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
An understanding of man's effect on the balance of nature is crucial (关键的) to being able to find the appropriate remedial action. It is a very common belief that the problems of the population explosion are caused mainly by poor people living in poor countries who do not know enough to limit their reproduction. This is not true. The actual number of people in an area is not as important as the effect they have on nature. Developing countries do have an effect on their environment, but it is the populations of richer countries that have a far greater impact on the earth as a whole.
For example, tropical forests are known to be essential to the balance of nature, yet we are destroying them at a great rate. They are being cleared not to benefit the natives of that country, but to satisfy the needs of rich countries. Central American forests are being destroyed for grassland to make pet food in the United States cheaper; in Papua slew Guinea, forests are destroyed to supply cheaper cardboard packaging for Japanese electronic products; in Burma and Thailand, forests have been destroyed to produce more attractive furniture in Singapore and Hong Kong. Therefore, a rich person living thousands of miles away may cause more tropical forest destruction than a poor person living in the forest itself.
In short, it is everybody's duty to safeguard the future of mankind—not only through population control, but by being more aware of the effect his actions have on nature. Nature is both fragile and powerful. It is very easily destroyed; on the other hand, it can easily destroy its most dangerous enemy—man.
31.According to the first paragraph, people usually believe that .
A.poor people in poor countries contribute to the imbalance of nature
B. rich people know how to protect the environment by taking actions
C. people in poor areas know a lot about the birth control
D. rich people in rich countries have done a lot to balance nature
第1题：
(b) Prepare the balance sheet of York at 31 October 2006, using International Financial Reporting Standards,
discussing the nature of the accounting treatments selected, the adjustments made and the values placed
on the items in the balance sheet. (20 marks)
Gow’s net assets
IAS36 ‘Impairment of Assets’, sets out the events that might indicate that an asset is impaired. These circumstances include
external events such as the decline in the market value of an asset and internal events such as a reduction in the cash flows
to be generated from an asset or cash generating unit. The loss of the only customer of a cash generating unit (power station)
would be an indication of the possible impairment of the cash generating unit. Therefore, the power station will have to be
impairment tested.
The recoverable amount will have to be determined and compared to the value given to the asset on the setting up of the
joint venture. The recoverable amount is the higher of the cash generating unit’s fair value less costs to sell, and its value-inuse.
The fair value less costs to sell will be $15 million which is the offer for the purchase of the power station ($16 million)
less the costs to sell ($1 million). The value-in-use is the discounted value of the future cash flows expected to arise from the
cash generating unit. The future dismantling costs should be provided for as it has been agreed with the government that it
will be dismantled. The cost should be included in the future cash flows for the purpose of calculating value-in-use and
provided for in the financial statements and the cost added to the property, plant and equipment ($4 million ($5m/1·064)).
The value-in-use based on a discount rate of 6 per cent is $21 million (working). Therefore, the recoverable amount is
$21 million which is higher than the carrying value of the cash generating unit ($20 million) and, therefore, the value of the
cash generating unit is not impaired when compared to the present carrying value of $20 million (value before impairment
test).
Additionally IAS39, ‘Financial Instruments: recognition and measurement’, says that an entity must assess at each balance
sheet date whether a financial asset is impaired. In this case the receivable of $7 million is likely to be impaired as Race is
going into administration. The present value of the estimated future cash flows will be calculated. Normally cash receipts from
trade receivables will not be discounted but because the amounts are not likely to be received for a year then the anticipated
cash payment is 80% of ($5 million × 1/1·06), i.e. $3·8 million. Thus a provision for the impairment of the trade receivables
of $3·2 million should be made. The intangible asset of $3 million would be valueless as the contract has been terminated.
Glass’s Net Assets
The leased property continues to be accounted for as property, plant and equipment and the carrying amount will not be
adjusted. However, the remaining useful life of the property will be revised to reflect the shorter term. Thus the property will
be depreciated at $2 million per annum over the next two years. The change to the depreciation period is applied prospectively
not retrospectively. The lease liability must be assessed under IAS39 in order to determine whether it constitutes a
de-recognition of a financial liability. As the change is a modification of the lease and not an extinguishment, the lease liability
would not be derecognised. The lease liability will be adjusted for the one off payment of $1 million and re-measured to the
present value of the revised future cash flows. That is $0·6 million/1·07 + $0·6 million/(1·07 × 1·07) i.e. $1·1 million. The
adjustment to the lease liability would normally be recognised in profit or loss but in this case it will affect the net capital
contributed by Glass.
The termination cost of the contract cannot be treated as an intangible asset. It is similar to redundancy costs paid to terminate
a contract of employment. It represents compensation for the loss of future income for the agency. Therefore it must be
removed from the balance sheet of York. The recognition criteria for an intangible asset require that there should be probable
future economic benefits flowing to York and the cost can be measured reliably. The latter criterion is met but the first criterion
is not. The cost of gaining future customers is not linked to this compensation.
IAS18 ‘Revenue’ contains a concept of a ‘multiple element’ arrangement. This is a contract which contains two or more
elements which are in substance separate and are separately identifiable. In other words, the two elements can operate
independently from each other. In this case, the contract with the overseas company has two distinct elements. There is a
contract not to supply gas to any other customer in the country and there is a contract to sell gas at fair value to the overseas
company. The contract has not been fulfilled as yet and therefore the payment of $1·5 million should not be taken to profit
or loss in its entirety at the first opportunity. The non supply of gas to customers in that country occurs over the four year
period of the contract and therefore the payment should be recognised over that period. Therefore the amount should be
shown as deferred income and not as a deduction from intangible assets. The revenue on the sale of gas will be recognised
as normal according to IAS18.
There may be an issue over the value of the net assets being contributed. The net assets contributed by Glass amount to
$21·9 million whereas those contributed by Gow only total $13·8 million after taking into account any adjustments required
by IFRS. The joint venturers have equal shareholding in York but no formal written agreements, thus problems may arise ifGlass feels that the contributions to the joint venture are unequal.
第2题：
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent，notions of superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality，and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home，the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the “battle of sexes”.
If the process goes too far and man's role is regarded as less important-and that has happened in some cases-we are as badly off as before. only in reverse. It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of “Momism” -but we don't want to exchange it for a “neo-Popism” . What we need，rather，is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that psychiatrists，psychologists，social workers，and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credits-nor all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman's place is in the home. We are beginning，however，to analyze man's place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child. The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules，because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems. Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences，whether it wears skirts or trousers，and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is pertinent(与……有关)not only to a healthy family but also to a healthy democracy.
Sharing tasks and decisions in a family leads to______.
A. monism
B. neo-popism
C. inequality
D. further sharing
第3题：
35 To determine what causes the majority of quality problems in a process, a very useful tool is the: A. cause and effect diagrams.
B. flow chart.
C. control chart.
D. pareto chart.
E. trend chart
第4题：
第5题：
The man was very surprised because________。
A． he thought the child's father was dead
B． the child didn't ask him to sit down
C． the child gave him a cup of tea
D． he couldn't find that piece of paper
第6题：
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
What are the specific traits that will assist executives to climb the ladder of success? Opinions vary widely. Given approximately equal qualifications and circumstances，some claim the success factor is largely a matter of luck-being in the right place at the right time. Others speak of an almost crazy devotion to work，combined with a degree of ruthlessness. One “expert” maintains that it's undoubtedly a matter of how much education your mother had.
To make it big，executives must possess four basic skills：
First，drive. Business success takes an unusual amount of energy. A successful executive-almost by definition-is a striver. He will get tense when he is not striving.
Second，people sense. Some say being able to judge people is more important than a high IQ. The skill can be instinctual(本能的)，but in most cases it is painstakingly learned.
Third，communications ability. Different executives make themselves understood in different ways. Some transmit ideas best face to face；others are masters of the telephone call；still others are persuasive writers. One way or another，they all communicate clearly.
Fourth，calm under pressure. No businessman will get very far if he chokes up.
Some people claim that besides hard work，the success also requires______.
A. equal qualifications
B. specific traits
C. much education
D. a degree of cruelty
第7题：
A.Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
B.Dreiser's Sister Carrie
C.Copper's Leather-Stocking Tales
D.Thoreau's Walden
第8题：
It is not stated but implied in the passage that ______.
A. Ellsworth Huntington is a fortune-teller rather than a scientist
B. cool weather is more effective on man's creative thinking
C. certain elements in nature are more active in one season than in other seasons
D. summer is a good season for vacation
第9题：
第10题：