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Text 3 Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions,if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react,we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of ou

题目
Text 3 Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions,if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react,we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick,hardwired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms;if we are judging whether someone is dangerous,our brains and bodies are hardwired to react very quickly,within milliseconds.But we need more time to assess other factors.To accurately tell whether someone is sociable,studies show,we need at least a minute,preferably five.It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality,like neuroticism or openmindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren't exclusive to the interpersonal realm.Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fastfood logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster,even though reading has little to do with eating.We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we're doing.Subjects exposed to fastfood flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences.If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face（one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling）,we can take a moment before buying.If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants,we can help screeners understand their biases—or hire outside screeners.John Gottman,the marriage expert,explains that we quickly“thin slice”information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in“thick sliced”longterm study.When Dr.Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together,he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation;two days,not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hardwired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals:doges can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes.But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term.Although technology might change the way we react,it hasn't changed our nature.We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the highspeed trend.
The time needed in making decisions may_____

A.vary according to the urgency of the situation
B.prove the complexity of our brain reaction
C.depend on the importance of the assessment
D.predetermine the accuracy of our judgment
参考答案和解析
答案：D
解析：
细节题【命题思路】本题主要考查考生对于段落具体信息的把握和理解，考生应能精准掌握与题相关内容，选出对原文相关内容同义置换的正确选项，并能排除无中生有，偷换概念和张冠李戴等干扰选项。【直击答案】根据题干关键词time定位到第一段if we take a moment…hardwired responses处。该处说明我们做决定所花的时间决定了我们判断的准确性。第二段第二句话以But这一转折连词引导，为重点关注信息，“但是，我们需要更多的时间来评估其他要素。”而本段的第三、四句，也很明显地揭示出本题正确答案，尤其是第三句中的“accurately”一词和D项中的“accuracy”为同词异形，故此项为正确答案。【排除干扰】A项无中生有，本文并没有出现类似信息，也不能从文章中总结得出。B项无中生有，本文主要在讲快速决定，而非大脑的复杂性。C项与原文不符，排除。
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相似问题和答案

第1题：

-Can you tell us why you think this makes good business sense to you? -We've been doing quite well on our own and we could probably survive like this for quite a few more years to come, but if we really want to take it to the next level, ____________.

：A the board of directors needn't take the present economic situation into consideration ;

B it's not necessary for us to develop the company any more ;

C we are going to have to consider finding more investors


参考答案:C

第2题：

By the end of this term,() a lot about Britain.

A we'll learn

B.we are learning

C.we have learnt

D.we'll have learnt


参考答案：D

第3题：

We laugh at jokes，but seldom about how they work．

A．we think

B．think we

C．we do think

D．do we think


正确答案：D

第4题：

共用题干
Pain

All of us have felt pain.We have cut ourselves.We have been burned.Or we have had headaches.
Some of us suffer pain rarely. ________(46)
Pain can take complete control of our body and mind,making it impossible to move and even to think.
Yet we need pain.Without it,we would not know if we have hurt ourselves.It is our body's warning sys-
tem.________（47)
Pain is the most common reason we go to a doctor. It is the most common reason we take medicines.
Until recently,however,most doctors knew of only a few drugs that stopped some pains.________(48)
But new knowledge about the process of pain is helping them to control pain better.
Scientists have learned that the sense of pain is made up of both chemical and electrical signals.
________(49)Scientists also have learned that the nervous system sends two different kinds of pain
messages to the brain:one very fast,the other slow. The first message is the warning signal.It moves at a
speed of 30 meters a second.In less than a second,the brain understands that part of the body is hurt and
how badly it is injured.________(50)It tells us not to use the injured part until it heals.

____________(47)
A:And others have painful attacks all the time.
B: These signals travel from nerve cells in the injured area,up the spinal cord（脊髓）to the brain,and back down again.
C:It tells us that we are injured and should do something about it.
D:They knew little about the process of pain itself.
E:The other message moves at a speed of only one meter a second.
F: And they send the second,slower message of pain to the brain.

答案：C
解析：
文章第一段提到，我们都曾感觉过疼痛。从空格前一句的内容，即“有些人很少遭受疼 痛之苦”，可以推断出空格处句子的内容应当与这一句的内容相反，即“另外一些人却总是遭 受疼痛的袭击”。
空格前的句子讲到，疼痛是我们身体的警报系统。因此接下来的句子应该说明这样说 的原因。
空格后一句讲到：然而，有关疼痛过程的新知识使医生得以更好地控制疼痛。由此可 见，空格处句子的内容应与疼痛过程有关，只有D项提到了“process"，由此可见，只有D项正 确，即医生对疼痛过程了解得很少。
空格前一句中的“chemical and electrical signals”等词语是对空格处句子的提示。
文章第四段第二句提到“two different kinds of pain messages"，紧接着又用了“The first message"，显然，空格处的句子应以“The other message”开始。

第5题：

Only when we hurried to the airport __________the fight was canceled.

A．we found
B．did we find
C．have we found
D．we have found

答案：B
解析：
考查倒装句。0nly和所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时，要用倒装语序，因此排除A和D。根据句意“当我们匆忙赶到机场时才发现航班已经取消了”．可知句子是在陈述过去的事实，故选B。

第6题：

We are interested in the weather because it ______ us so directly — what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel.

A.benefits

B.affects

C.affects

D.effects


正确答案：B

第7题：

We should respect food and think about the people who don’t have we have here and treat food nicely.

A.that

B.which

C.what

D.whether


正确答案：C

第8题：

B

The world is not only hungry，it is also thirsty for water． this may seem strange to you，since nearly 75% of the earth is covered with water． But about 97% of this water is sea water．Man can only drink and use the other 3% fresh water that comes from rivers，lakes，under-ground and other places． And we cannot even use all of that，because some of this fresh water has been made dirty．

At the moment，this small amount(数量) of fresh water is still enough for us． However，our need for water is getting greater and greater． Only if we take steps to solve this problem now，we can get away from a serious world water shortage later on． The people of the world cannot have an enjoyable life without enough clean water．

On one hand we should stop wasting this little water of ours，on the other hand we should find ways to reuse it，but this has not been done widely．

Today，in most large cities，water is used only once and it then returns to the sea or runs into underground places．lf we can make it clean again，it can be used once more just as if it were fresh from a spring．

But even if large cities reuse its water，we still would not have enough in the future． Where．could we turn to next for water? To the ocean! How can we do to make use of this great a-mount of sea water? We can take the salt from the water to make it fresh．

So if we take all these steps，we'll be in no danger of drying up!

( )26． Why does the writer say that the world is thirsty for water?

A． The amount of fresh water is really very small．

B． The people of the world waste too much water．

C． The people of the world have to drink a lot of water every day．

D． There are too many people in the world needing water．


正确答案：A
26．A【解析】由第一段的描述可知，人类只有3%的、 淡水可以利用。

第9题：

共用题干
Pain
All of us have felt pain.We have cut ourselves.We have been burned.Or we have had headaches. Some of us suffer pain rarely.______(46)
Pain can take complete control of our body and mind,making it impossible to move and even to think. Yet we need pain.Without it,we would not know if we have hurt ourselves.It is our body's warning system.______(47) Pain is the most common reason we go to a doctor.It is the most common reason we take medicines.
Until recently,however,most doctors knew of only a few drugs that stopped some pains.______(48)But new knowledge about the process of pain is helping them to control pain better.
Scientists have learned that the sense of pain is made up of both chemical and electrical signals.______(49)Scientists also have learned that the nervous system sends two different kinds of pain messages to the brain:one very fast,the other slow.The first message is the warning signal.It moves at a speed of 30 meters a second.In less than a second,the brain understands that part of the body is hurt and
how badly it is injured.______(50)It tells us not to use the injured part until it heals.

______(48)
A:And others have painful attacks all the time.
B:These signals travel from nerve cells in the injured area , up the spinal cord（脊髓）to the brain , and back down again.
C:It tells us that we are injured and should do something about it.
D:They knew little about the process of pain itself.
E:The other message moves at a g peed of only one meter a second.
F:And they send the second,slower message of pain to the brain.

答案：D
解析：
文章第一段提到，我们都曾感受过疼痛。从空格前一句的内容，即“有些人很少遭受疼痛之苦”，可以推断出空格处句子的内容应当与这一句的内容相反，即“另外一些人却总是遭受疼痛的折磨”。
空格前的句子讲到，疼痛是我们身体的警报系统。因此接下来的句子应该说明这样说的原因。
空格后一句讲到，然而，有关疼痛过程的新知识使医生得以更好地控制疼痛。由此可见，空格处句子的内容应与疼痛过程有关，只有D项提到了“process"，即医生对疼痛过程了解得很少。由此可见，D项正确。
空格前一句中的“chemical and electrical signals”等词语是对空格处句子的提示。
文章第四段第二句提到“two different kinds of pain messages"，紧接着又用了“The first message"，显然，空格处的句子应以“The other message”开始。

第10题：

Text 3 Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions,if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react,we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick,hardwired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms;if we are judging whether someone is dangerous,our brains and bodies are hardwired to react very quickly,within milliseconds.But we need more time to assess other factors.To accurately tell whether someone is sociable,studies show,we need at least a minute,preferably five.It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality,like neuroticism or openmindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren't exclusive to the interpersonal realm.Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fastfood logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster,even though reading has little to do with eating.We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we're doing.Subjects exposed to fastfood flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences.If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face（one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling）,we can take a moment before buying.If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants,we can help screeners understand their biases—or hire outside screeners.John Gottman,the marriage expert,explains that we quickly“thin slice”information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in“thick sliced”longterm study.When Dr.Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together,he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation;two days,not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hardwired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals:doges can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes.But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term.Although technology might change the way we react,it hasn't changed our nature.We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the highspeed trend.
To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions,we should_____

A.trust our first impression
B.do as people usually do
C.think before we act
D.ask for expert advice

答案：C
解析：
细节题【命题思路】本题主要考查考生对于段落具体信息的把握和理解，了解要扭转快速决定带来的影响，我们应采取的措施，并且能够识别出选项信息和原文信息的关键词发生的同义替换，排除偷换概念以及无中生有等的干扰选项。【直击答案】根据题干关键词“reverse the negative influences”定位到第四段。第四段主要通过两个例子：“consumer products or housing options”和“female job screeners”，说明我们应该怎样克服负面影响。即可说明我们应该在行动之前先思考来消除负面影响，因此选择答案C项。【排除干扰】A项“相信我们的第一印象”；B项“按照人们通常所做的去做”；D项“寻求专业建议”均属于无中生有，故排除。

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