The purpose of non‐REM sleep is even more mysterious.The new experiments,such as those（ ）for the first time at a recent meeting or the society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis,suggest fascinating ex

共用题干
第二篇

Sleep Necessary for Memories

Burning the midnight oil before an exam or interview does harm to the performance
according to a recent research which found that sleep is necessary for memories to be taken
back into the brain.A good night's sleep within 30 hours of trying to remember a new task is
a required condition of having good recall in the weeks ahead,scientists have found.
The research,published in the December issue of Nature Neuroscience,showed that
it was the act of sleep,rather than the simple passage of time,that was critical for long-
term memory formation.
"We think that getting that first night's sleep starts the process of memory consolidation
（巩固）,"said Robert Stickgold , a sleep researcher at Harvard Medical School who
conducted the latest study.
"It seems that memories normally wash out of the brain unless some process nails them
down.My suspicion is that sleep is one of those things that does the nailing down,"
Professor Stickgold said.
With about one in five people claiming that they are so chronically short of sleep that it
affects their daily activities,the latest work emphasizes the less well-understood side effect-
serious memory impairment（损害）.
Volunteers in an experiment found it easier to remember a memory task if they were
allowed to sleep that night.But for those kept awake,no amount of subsequent sleep
made up for the initial loss.
Professor Stickgold's team trained 24 people to identify the direction of three diagonal
（斜线形的）bars flashed for a sixtieth of a second on a computer screen full of horizontal
（水平的）stripes.
Half of the subjects were kept awake that night,while the others slept.Both groups
were allowed to sleep for the second and third nights to make up for any differences in
tiredness between the volunteers.
Those who slept the first night were significantly and consistently better at remembering
the task while the second group showed no improvement despite enjoying two nights of
catch-up sleep.

In Stickgold's experiment,those who were kept awake on the first night
A:could very well remember the direction of the diagonal bars.
B:didn't do any better after two nights' sleep.
C:were as tired as those who were not.
D:could recall the direction of more bars than those who were not.

共用题干
More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing
1 Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known,new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.
2 Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep,as well as a number of other sleep problems,than people who sleep 8 hours a night. People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night's sleep than 8-hour sleepers.
3 These findings,which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine,demonstrate that people who want to get a good night's rest may not need to set aside, more than 8 hours a night.He added that“it might be a good idea”for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed,but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this.
4 Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep一for instance,one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.
5 For the current report,Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionaires,in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems.Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night,arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep,and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning.
6 Kridke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more like-ly to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours.In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed. As evidence,he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed.“It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed,then they'll spend a higher percentage of time awake.”he said.

Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to______.
A: fall asleep again
B: become more energetic the following day
C: sleep less than 7 hours
D: confirm those serious consequences
E: suffer sleep problems
F: sleen more than 8 houlrs

共用题干
第二篇

Sleep Necessary for Memories

Burning the midnight oil before an exam or interview does harm to the performance
according to a recent research which found that sleep is necessary for memories to be taken
back into the brain.A good night's sleep within 30 hours of trying to remember a new task is
a required condition of having good recall in the weeks ahead,scientists have found.
The research,published in the December issue of Nature Neuroscience,showed that
it was the act of sleep,rather than the simple passage of time,that was critical for long-
term memory formation.
"We think that getting that first night's sleep starts the process of memory consolidation
（巩固）,"said Robert Stickgold , a sleep researcher at Harvard Medical School who
conducted the latest study.
"It seems that memories normally wash out of the brain unless some process nails them
down.My suspicion is that sleep is one of those things that does the nailing down,"
Professor Stickgold said.
With about one in five people claiming that they are so chronically short of sleep that it
affects their daily activities,the latest work emphasizes the less well-understood side effect-
serious memory impairment（损害）.
Volunteers in an experiment found it easier to remember a memory task if they were
allowed to sleep that night.But for those kept awake,no amount of subsequent sleep
made up for the initial loss.
Professor Stickgold's team trained 24 people to identify the direction of three diagonal
（斜线形的）bars flashed for a sixtieth of a second on a computer screen full of horizontal
（水平的）stripes.
Half of the subjects were kept awake that night,while the others slept.Both groups
were allowed to sleep for the second and third nights to make up for any differences in
tiredness between the volunteers.
Those who slept the first night were significantly and consistently better at remembering
the task while the second group showed no improvement despite enjoying two nights of
catch-up sleep.

The research published in Nature Neuroscience showed that what was essential to the formation of long-term memory was
A:intelligence.
B:time.
C:food.
D:sleep.

共用题干
第二篇

Sleep Necessary for Memories

Burning the midnight oil before an exam or interview does harm to the performance
according to a recent research which found that sleep is necessary for memories to be taken
back into the brain.A good night's sleep within 30 hours of trying to remember a new task is
a required condition of having good recall in the weeks ahead,scientists have found.
The research,published in the December issue of Nature Neuroscience,showed that
it was the act of sleep,rather than the simple passage of time,that was critical for long-
term memory formation.
"We think that getting that first night's sleep starts the process of memory consolidation
（巩固）,"said Robert Stickgold , a sleep researcher at Harvard Medical School who
conducted the latest study.
"It seems that memories normally wash out of the brain unless some process nails them
down.My suspicion is that sleep is one of those things that does the nailing down,"
Professor Stickgold said.
With about one in five people claiming that they are so chronically short of sleep that it
affects their daily activities,the latest work emphasizes the less well-understood side effect-
serious memory impairment（损害）.
Volunteers in an experiment found it easier to remember a memory task if they were
allowed to sleep that night.But for those kept awake,no amount of subsequent sleep
made up for the initial loss.
Professor Stickgold's team trained 24 people to identify the direction of three diagonal
（斜线形的）bars flashed for a sixtieth of a second on a computer screen full of horizontal
（水平的）stripes.
Half of the subjects were kept awake that night,while the others slept.Both groups
were allowed to sleep for the second and third nights to make up for any differences in
tiredness between the volunteers.
Those who slept the first night were significantly and consistently better at remembering
the task while the second group showed no improvement despite enjoying two nights of
catch-up sleep.

Those who slept the first night
A:couldn't remember the task.
B:could not sleep the second and third nights.
C:performed slightly better than those who did not.
D:did much better than those who did not.

共用题干
第二篇

Sleep Necessary for Memories

Burning the midnight oil before an exam or interview does harm to the performance
according to a recent research which found that sleep is necessary for memories to be taken
back into the brain.A good night's sleep within 30 hours of trying to remember a new task is
a required condition of having good recall in the weeks ahead,scientists have found.
The research,published in the December issue of Nature Neuroscience,showed that
it was the act of sleep,rather than the simple passage of time,that was critical for long-
term memory formation.
"We think that getting that first night's sleep starts the process of memory consolidation
（巩固）,"said Robert Stickgold , a sleep researcher at Harvard Medical School who
conducted the latest study.
"It seems that memories normally wash out of the brain unless some process nails them
down.My suspicion is that sleep is one of those things that does the nailing down,"
Professor Stickgold said.
With about one in five people claiming that they are so chronically short of sleep that it
affects their daily activities,the latest work emphasizes the less well-understood side effect-
serious memory impairment（损害）.
Volunteers in an experiment found it easier to remember a memory task if they were
allowed to sleep that night.But for those kept awake,no amount of subsequent sleep
made up for the initial loss.
Professor Stickgold's team trained 24 people to identify the direction of three diagonal
（斜线形的）bars flashed for a sixtieth of a second on a computer screen full of horizontal
（水平的）stripes.
Half of the subjects were kept awake that night,while the others slept.Both groups
were allowed to sleep for the second and third nights to make up for any differences in
tiredness between the volunteers.
Those who slept the first night were significantly and consistently better at remembering
the task while the second group showed no improvement despite enjoying two nights of
catch-up sleep.

Which of the following statements about the research is NOT true?
A:It was done within 30 hours.
B:It was headed by Professor Stickgold.
C:It focused on long-term memory formation.
D:There were'altogether 24 subjects in the experiment.

共用题干
More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing
1 Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known,new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.
2 Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep,as well as a number of other sleep problems,than people who sleep 8 hours a night. People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night's sleep than 8-hour sleepers.
3 These findings,which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine,demonstrate that people who want to get a good night's rest may not need to set aside, more than 8 hours a night.He added that“it might be a good idea”for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed,but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this.
4 Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep一for instance,one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.
5 For the current report,Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionaires,in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems.Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night,arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep,and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning.
6 Kridke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more like-ly to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours.In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed. As evidence,he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed.“It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed,then they'll spend a higher percentage of time awake.”he said.

One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night,unable to______.
A: fall asleep again
B: become more energetic the following day
C: sleep less than 7 hours
D: confirm those serious consequences
E: suffer sleep problems
F: sleen more than 8 houlrs

共用题干
More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing
1 Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known,new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.
2 Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep,as well as a number of other sleep problems,than people who sleep 8 hours a night. People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night's sleep than 8-hour sleepers.
3 These findings,which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine,demonstrate that people who want to get a good night's rest may not need to set aside, more than 8 hours a night.He added that“it might be a good idea”for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed,but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this.
4 Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep一for instance,one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.
5 For the current report,Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionaires,in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems.Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night,arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep,and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning.
6 Kridke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more like-ly to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours.In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed. As evidence,he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed.“It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed,then they'll spend a higher percentage of time awake.”he said.

Paragraph 6______
A: Kripke's Research
B: Dangers of Habitual Shortages of Sleep
C: Criticism on Kripke's Report
D: A way of Overcoming Insomnia
E: Sleep Problems of Long and Short Sleepers
F: Classification of Sleep Problems

共用题干
More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing
1 Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known,new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.
2 Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep,as well as a number of other sleep problems,than people who sleep 8 hours a night. People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night's sleep than 8-hour sleepers.
3 These findings,which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine,demonstrate that people who want to get a good night's rest may not need to set aside, more than 8 hours a night.He added that“it might be a good idea”for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed,but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this.
4 Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep一for instance,one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.
5 For the current report,Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionaires,in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems.Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night,arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep,and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning.
6 Kridke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more like-ly to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours.In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed. As evidence,he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed.“It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed,then they'll spend a higher percentage of time awake.”he said.

To get a good night's rest,people may not need to______.
A: fall asleep again
B: become more energetic the following day
C: sleep less than 7 hours
D: confirm those serious consequences
E: suffer sleep problems
F: sleen more than 8 houlrs

共用题干
第二篇

Sleep Necessary for Memories

Burning the midnight oil before an exam or interview does harm to the performance
according to a recent research which found that sleep is necessary for memories to be taken
back into the brain.A good night's sleep within 30 hours of trying to remember a new task is
a required condition of having good recall in the weeks ahead,scientists have found.
The research,published in the December issue of Nature Neuroscience,showed that
it was the act of sleep,rather than the simple passage of time,that was critical for long-
term memory formation.
"We think that getting that first night's sleep starts the process of memory consolidation
（巩固）,"said Robert Stickgold , a sleep researcher at Harvard Medical School who
conducted the latest study.
"It seems that memories normally wash out of the brain unless some process nails them
down.My suspicion is that sleep is one of those things that does the nailing down,"
Professor Stickgold said.
With about one in five people claiming that they are so chronically short of sleep that it
affects their daily activities,the latest work emphasizes the less well-understood side effect-
serious memory impairment（损害）.
Volunteers in an experiment found it easier to remember a memory task if they were
allowed to sleep that night.But for those kept awake,no amount of subsequent sleep
made up for the initial loss.
Professor Stickgold's team trained 24 people to identify the direction of three diagonal
（斜线形的）bars flashed for a sixtieth of a second on a computer screen full of horizontal
（水平的）stripes.
Half of the subjects were kept awake that night,while the others slept.Both groups
were allowed to sleep for the second and third nights to make up for any differences in
tiredness between the volunteers.
Those who slept the first night were significantly and consistently better at remembering
the task while the second group showed no improvement despite enjoying two nights of
catch-up sleep.

Stickgold's research focused on the side effect produced by
A:memory impairment.
B:lack of sleep.
C:low work efficiency.
D:memory recall.