资料：Demystifying how social and human-like robots work is vital so that we can understand and shape how they will affect our future, Dr Hatice Gunes will tell the Hay Festival next week. (1)Fear mongering and myth-making about human-like and social robots

题目

资料：Demystifying how social and human-like robots work is vital so that we can understand and shape how they will affect our future, Dr Hatice Gunes will tell the Hay Festival next week. (1)
　　Fear mongering and myth-making about human-like and social robots is stopping us from engaging with the technology behind them and having an input into how they—and we—evolve, says Hatice Gunes, Associate Professor at University of Cambridge's Computer Laboratory. (2)
　　Dr Gunes will be speaking about her research at the Hay Festival on 1st June and says we need to move beyond sensationalist portrayals of human-like robot. Her Hay talk will centre on human robot interaction [ HRI] and how it can be used for our benefit, for instance, for helping children with autism learn how to read expressions and to stimulate the senses of elderly people in care. (3)
　　Dr Gunes will outline how HRI works. She says it has to be believable in order to be effective. That means robots’ appearance is very important. This is what has driven the development of humanoid robots with arms and aspects of a human face which can behave in a human-like way, for instance, moving their arms, legs and eyes. However, more important than appearance is their behaviour and emotional expressivity. Dr Gunes refers to the way we relate to Disney’s animated characters. “People believe in them because they can portray emotion,” she says. (4)
　　To achieve expressivity requires an understanding of how human emotions are portrayed and triggered. Scientists have been working on artificial emotional intelligence which enables new technology such as embodied agents and robots to both express and detect emotions, understanding non-verbal cues. Dr Gunes cites the work of Charles Darwin on the visual nature of emotions and how they can be mapped to various changes in facial expressions. (5)
　　Her research investigates how humanoids can be programmed not only to extract and respond to facial clues to emotions, but also to understand the context in which those emotions are expressed. That means they will be able to offer a response that is sensitive to specific contexts. (6)
　　Will robots ever be able to have emotions themselves though? Dr Gunes says there is no reason why not and questions what emotions are. The process of working with robots on artificial emotional intelligence unpicks the nature of our emotions, showing them to be a layering of different goals, experiences and stimuli. (7)
　　 Another area which scientists are looking at in their quest to improve humanoids’ believability is personality. Dr Gunes has done a lot of work on personality in telepresence robotics, robots controlled remotely by a human—a kind of 3D avatar. These can be used in many ways, for instance, by medical staff to offer remote home care. The medical person can be based anywhere and operate the robot through a virtual headset. Dr Gunes is interested in how people react to the teleoperator (the human controlling the robot remotely) who is present in robot form. Once again, both the robot’s physical appearance and behaviour are important and research shows that their personality needs to be task dependent. (8)
　　Dr Gunes says there remain some big challenges for scientists working on HRI, including how to process and combine all the different data they are gathering, how to modify their appearance and behaviour dynamically, and how to keep their power going 24/7. The major challenges, however, are to do with breaking down some of the myths and fears people have about humanoids. (9)
　　 Part of this is because they don’t understand the benefits humanoid robots can bring and why, for instance, they need to take on a human form and understand emotions. She says humanoids can be positive in terms of increasing trust and engagement among certain groups, such as the elderly; that humans tends to anthropomorphise technology in any event; and that robots can be programmed to be limited to positive emotions that promote altruism. (10)
　　“People tend to love or hate robots, but they don’t really know a lot abou

A.it is not meaningful for robots to have the appearance of human
B.people who make the appearance of robots very human-like should be blamed
C.people need to pay more attention to the development of robots’functions
D.the appearance of robots has become more and more emotional

参考答案和解析

答案：C

解析：

本题考查的是细节理解。
【关键词】Dr Gunes says“…”；believes，paragraph 3
【主题句】第3自然段However, more important than appearance is their behaviour and emotional expressivity. 然而，比外表更重要的是他们的行为和情感表达能力。Her Hay talk will centre on human robot interaction [ HRI] and how it can be used for our benefit…她的讲话将着重于人工智能机器人的互动和机器人如何使用才能有益于我们……
【解析】本题问的是：Gunes博士说“我们需要超越对类人机器人的感性描述”（第3段），因为她相信_______________。选项A意为“机器人拥有人类的外表是没有意义的”。选项B意为“应当谴责那些使机器人看起来很像人类的人”。选项C意为“人们需要更多地关注机器人功能的发展”。选项D意为“机器人的外观变得越来越有情感”。根据关键词，找到主题句，可知，Gunes博士之所以这么说，是因为人类需要关注机器人的使用以有益于人类发展，结合题意，故选C。

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相似问题和答案

第1题：

Water is the __46___ of all the things we eat and drink . Not many people understand this but __47____ quite true . The human body can go without ___48___ for a long time . We’ve got many examples for this . Yet two __49___ three days without water can usually make people __50____ . Man can’t live __51____ water .

Many people don’t understand how ___52__ water the human body needs __53___ work well , and many people , especially young people , do not drink enough , ___54__ in very hot weather . Our body has mostly water , about 65% to 75% . That is to say about two thirds of our body is water . When we do sports , some of the water will get away from our body . __55 _ we don’t drink some water , we won’t have enough water． And if we don’t have enough water , we’ll feel tired and many of us will get ill . So you know how important water is to us .

46.___________

( )46. A. important

B. most important

C. more important

D. different

正确答案：B

第2题：

It iS not possible to _________exactly how our actions will affect the future．

A．expect

B．forbid

C．foresee

D．inspect

正确答案：C
题干的意思是：“要准确预知我们的行为将怎样影响未来，那是不可能的。”expect的意思是“预料，期待”，后接不定式或从句作宾语；forbid的意思是“禁止．不许”；foresee的意思是“预知，预见”，后可接名词和宾语从句；inspect的意思是“检查，审视。”

第3题：

Date: 3rd July, 2006

To:All staff

From: Terry Theacher

Subject: Lecture on New Technology

Content:

① a lecture on the latest technology and how we can expect it to affect our work given by Dr. Rhodes

② attendance will be counted toward staff development points required for the end of year uation

③ to sign up before Wednesday if you plan to come.

正确答案：
Memo
Date: 3rd July, 2006
To:All staff
From: Terry Theacher
Subject: Lecture on New Technology

This month’s staff improvement meeting will be held next Thursday, July 13, at 1:30 p. m. in the Conference Room. Dr. Rhodes will give a lecture on the latest technology and how we can expect it to affect our work.
The meeting will count toward your staff development points required for your end of year uation.
Please sign up with me before Wednesday if you plan to come to the meeting.

评分标准：
格式布局占5分，语法和意义占15分，共20分。阅卷的标准可分为6档：18分、15分、12分、9分、6分和0分。阅卷人员先确定短文档次，然后则上下浮动1分。
(1) 18分标准：格式布局准确，切题，语言表达清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。
(2) 15分标准：格式布局准确，切题，语言表达清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。
(3) 12分标准：格式布局准确，切题，语言表达基本清楚，文字基本连贯，但语言错误较多。
(4) 9分标准：格式布局准确，基本切题，语言连贯性差，有较多的严重语言错误。
(5) 6分标准：格式布局基本准确，基本切题，但大部分句子都有严重错误。
(6) 0分标准：白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想。

第4题：

I’m trying to ________my work so that I can have a couple of days off next week. .

A. arrange

B. find

C. look for

D. care

参考答案：A

第5题：

This is not the world we know. This world is controlled by computers. Men and women can be seen, but they are following the orders given to them by machines. The machines were designed by mad scientists, but at some point even the mad scientists were taken over by their super-inventions.

Does this sound familiar? You have probably read something like it in magazines or books, or seen it in a film. Why is it so popular? One of the reasons is that it reflects the fears of many people; fear of the unknown fear of what is not understood or, at least, fear of something that is not completely understood.

The fact is that every day it seems that computers take control of another area of our lives. Some

factory jobs are now done by robots and the robots are controlled by computers. Our bank accounts are managed by computers. At the airport, our tickets are sold by a computer. Certainly, many of these operations are made more

efficient by computers, but our admiration is sometimes mixed with unsafe feelings. And this lack of safety is caused by the fact that we do not know how computers do these things, and we really don't know what they might do next. But we can find out how computers work, and once we understand them, we can use computers instead of worrying about being used by them. Today, there is a new generation of computer wizards who know exactly how computers get things done. These young men and women, usually university students, are happy to sit for hours, sometimes for days, designing programs, not eating, not sleeping, but discovering what can be done by these wonderful slaves which they have learned to control. These computer wizards have learned to use the computer and search for new tasks for their machines.

(1)、According to the passage, our present world is under the control of ______ .

A：mad scientists

B：men and women

C：the unknown fear

D：some super-inventions

(2)、The reason why many people are afraid of computers is that ______ .

A：they don't know anything about computers

B：they haven't really understood computers

C：there are so many computer games

D：computers are often down

(3)、The author mentions computer wizards in order to point out that ______ .

A：computers can be controlled by man

B：there should be more people devoted to computers

C：only young people are interested in computers

D：more time and energy is required to control computers

(4)、This passage is probably written to suggest that ______ .

A：some day computers can deal with all human problems

B：computers can be used in place of traveling to our jobs

C：people should not fear computers

D：computer technology will not meet people's needs in various situations

(5)、The author's attitude towards widely used computers is __.

A：positive

B：anxious

C：worried

D：serious

正确答案：D、B、A、C、A

第6题：

Joe: We haven't got together for a long time. How about lunch next week? Nancy: I'm pretty tied up all next week. How about we plan on two weeks from today? ______. Joe: OK. Wednesday in two weeks.

A．I can reach it on that Wednesday

B．I can make it on that Wednesday

C．I can get it on that Wednesday

D．I can assure it on that Wednesday

正确答案：B
解析：make it表示“能够做到，行”，符合对话语境，其他词语义不恰当。

第7题：

10． Computers are so popular in our country that every pupil knows________ e-mails．

A． how can he send

B． how does he send

C． how to send

D． how sending

正确答案：C
10．C【解析】宾语从句应为陈述语序，排除A和B；D 为错误选项．how to send为“疑问词十不定式”结构，在句中作know的宾语。故答案为C。

第8题：

Can you tell me __________ you are going to do next week?

A. if B. what C. how D. where

正确答案：B

第9题：

–– Frank: We haven't got together for a long time. How about lunch next week?

–– Nick: I' m pretty tied up all next week. How about we plan on two weeks from today?____.

–– Frank: OK Wednesday in two weeks.

A: I can reach it on that Wednesday

B: I can get it on that Wednesday

C: I can assure it on that Wednesday

D: I can make it on that Wednesday

参考答案：D

第10题：

How can we best_______ our limited resources?

A、employ

B、utilize

C、enforce

D、enlarge

参考答案：B

资料：Demystifying how social and human-like robots work is vital so that we can understand and shape how they will affect our future, Dr Hatice Gunes will tell the Hay Festival next week. (1)

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