糖尿病(diabetes mellitus)

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第1题：

diabetes mellitus

答案：

解析：

diabetes mellitus：是一组以慢性高血糖为特征的代谢性疾病，是由于胰岛素分泌和（或）作用缺陷所引起。

第2题：

共用题干
第二篇

Diabetes（糖尿病）and Eye Damage

Over 2 million Canadians have diabetes.It is the leading cause of blindness in North
Americans under 65 years of age.Diabetes is a condition where the body either cannot
produce enough insulin（胰岛素）or cannot respond properly to insulin. Insulin is important
because it moves glucose（葡萄糖）,a simple sugar, into the body's cells from the blood.
The food people eat provides the body with glucose,which is used by the cells as a source
of energy.If insulin isn't available or doesn't work correctly to move glucose from the blood
into the cells,glucose will stay in the blood,leading to high blood sugar levels.
High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels,including the tiny blood vessels in
the eye．This leads to an eye disease known as diabetic retinopathy（糖尿病型视网膜病）.
The retina（视网膜）is an area at the back of the eye that changes light into nerve signals.
With diabetic retinopathy,some blood vessels in the retina are lost,and some of the other
blood vessels begin to"leak"blood.This causes the retina to swell,and gradually cuts off
its supply of oxygen and nutrients（滋养物）.Eventually , the retina starts to grow new
blood vessels to replace the damaged ones.Unfortunately,these new vessels are not as
strong as the old ones.They are more likely to break,causing bleeding in the eye.
At first,people with diabetic retinopathy will not notice any symptoms.As the disease
gets worse , they may notice blurred（模糊的）vision, black spots or flashing lights. As
time goes on,it can progress to blindness.Everyone with diabetes is at risk for diabetic
retinopathy,and the risk increases the longer you've had diabetes.
Fortunately,you can reduce your risk.If you do not have diabetes,but think you may
be at risk for this condition,visit your doctor to be screened for diabetes.If you do have
diabetes:
Have frequent eye check-ups.
Make sure that you monitor your blood sugar frequently and use your medications as
recommended by your doctor. There is evidence to show that keeping your blood sugar
under tight control can slow down eye damage.
If you have high blood pressure,follow your recommended diet and medications to
keep it under control.If you are not sure whether you have high blood pressure,or whether
your blood pressure is under control,discuss this with your doctor.

The word"its"in the second paragraph refers to
A: the nerve's.
B:the blood's.
C:the eye's.
D: the retina's,

答案：D

解析：

第3题：

The last paragraph suggests that Thomas ______.

A. works full-time in a diabetes charity

B. employs 22 people for his website

C. helps diabetics in his own way

D. ties to find a cure for diabetes

正确答案：C
推理判断题。根据But Christopher is the only person I know saying people need help now.可知Thomas在用自己的方式帮助糖尿病人，所以C项正确。A项与Thomas often devotes up to 50 hours a week to his cause, while still doing his full-time job waiting tables不符；B项与Even with a staff of 22 volunteers；D项与"Of the diabetes charities out there, most are putting money into finding a cure," says Bentley Gubar, one of Rockstar's original members. "But Christopher is the only person I know saying people need help now."不符。

第4题：

非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(non-insulin-independent diabetes mellitus，NIDDM)

正确答案: 又称Ⅱ型糖尿病。发病年龄多在40岁以上，无胰岛炎症，早期胰岛数目正常，后期B细胞轻度减少，胰岛淀粉样变性。血中胰岛素开始不降低，甚至增高，无抗胰岛细胞抗体，与自身免疫无关。一般认为其与肥胖有关的胰岛素相对不足及组织对胰岛素不敏感有关。不依赖胰岛素治疗。

第5题：

To slow down eye damage,people with diabetes should try to
A: use as many medications as they can.
B: eat as little as possible.
C: wear glasses as often as possible.
D: keep their blood sugar under tight control.

答案：D

解析：

第6题：

With diabetic retinopathy,the damaged blood vessels in the retina
A:are stronger than what they used to be.
B: cannot be properly replaced.
C:are more likely to break than the new ones.
D: may return to normal again.

答案：B

解析：

第7题：

The worst eye damage induced by diabetes is
A:blurred vision.
B: black spots,
C: blindness.
D: flashing lights.

答案：C

解析：

第8题：

Small molecules hold the ____ for convenient diabetes treatment.

A: profits

B: promise

C: wish

D: future

参考答案：B

第9题：

共用题干
What Is Insulin-dependent Diabetes?
When you eat,your body takes the sugar from food and turns it into fuel.______(46)Your body uses glucose for energy,so it can do everything from breathing air to playing a video game.But glucose can't be used by the body on its own-it needs a hormone called insulin to bring it into the cells of the body.
Most people get the insulin they need from the pancreas,a large organ near the stomach?The pancreas makes insulin;insulin brings glucose into the cells;and the body gets the energy it needs.When a person has insulin一dependent diabetes,it's because the pancreas is not making insulin.So someone could be eating lots of food and getting all the glucose he needs,but without insulin,there is no way for the body to use the glucose for energy.______(47)
You may have heard older people talk about having diabetes,maybe people of your grandparents'age.Usually,this is a different kind of diabetes called non一insulin一dependent diabetes.It can also be called Type 2 diabetes,or adult-onset diabetes.______(48)
When a kid is diagnosed with juvenile(insulin-dependent)diabetes,he will have that type of diabetes for his whole life.It won't ever change to non-insulin-dependent diabetes when he gets older.
Scientists now think that a person who has juvenile diabetes was born with a certain gene or genes that made the person more likely to get the illness.______(49)
Many scientists believe that along with having certain genes,something else outside the person's body, like a viral infection,is necessary to set the diabetes in motion by affecting the cells in the pancreas that make insulin.
But the person must have the gene(or genes)for diabetes to start' out with一this means you can't get diabetes just from catching a flu,virus,or cold.And this type of diabetes isn't caused by eating too many sugary foods,either.Diabetes can take a long time to develop in a person's body-sometimes months or years?Another important thing to remember is that diabetes is not contagious.______(50)

______(47)
A:Genes are something that you inherit from your parents,and they are in your body even before you're born.
B:This sugar-fuel is called glucose?
C:It may be possible to beat insulin resistance through lifestyle changes.
D:You can't catch diabetes from people who have it,no matter how close you sit to them or if you kiss them.
E:The glucose can't get into the cells of the body without insulin.
F:When a person has this kind of diabetes,the pancreas usually can still make insulin,but the person's body needs more than the pancreas can make?

答案：E

解析：

文章第一句所讲的内容是当人进食时，身体会从食物中摄取糖分，并把它转化为燃料。B项是对这种燃料的解释，且空白处后的句子中又出现了B项中的名词glucose。故此处选B。
此空处之前的内容提到，如果一个人患上了胰岛素依赖型糖尿病，虽然其通过大量进食获取了所需的全部葡萄糖，但如果没有胰岛素的参与，身体就不能通过利用这些葡萄糖来获得能量。选项E的内容和此处为顺承关系，故选E。
上一段指出胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者的胰腺无法分泌胰岛素，本段此空处之前的内容提到了非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病，并指出它不同于胰岛素依赖型糖尿病。故此空处应详细介绍此种类型的糖尿病。F项符合文意。
此空处之前的内容是患有青少年糖尿病的人带有先天性的易患此病的基因。A项介绍基因的概念，比较各个选项，可知本题选A。
此空处之前陈述的内容是糖尿病不具有传染性。D项的内容和此处是承接关系，进一步说明其不具有传染性。故本题选D。

第10题：

特发性尿崩症(idiopathic diabetes insipidus)

正确答案: 是由于视上核及室旁核神经细胞退行性变性所致，大多数为散发性。少数为家族性，一般为常染色体显性遗传，为精氨酸加压素的神经垂体素II基因突变。

糖尿病(diabetes mellitus)

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