问答题Most Americans have great vigor and enthusiasm. They prefer to discipline themselves rather than be disciplined by others. They pride themselves on their independence, their right to make up their own minds. They are prepared too take the initiative, e

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问答题

Most Americans have great vigor and enthusiasm. They prefer to discipline themselves rather than be disciplined by others. They pride themselves on their independence, their right to make up their own minds. They are prepared too take the initiative, even when there is a risk in doing so. They have courage and do not give in easily. They will take any sort of job anywhere rather than be unemployed. They do not care to be looked after by the government. The average American changes his or her job nine or ten times during his or her working life.

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第1题：

III．阅读理解（20分）

Every country has its own way of cooking． American people have their way of cooking，don’t they?

Most people in the United States like fast food． But if you think that American people don’t like cooking， you are not right． It’s true that most Americans take fast food as their breakfast and lunch． But they also think cooking is interesting． Parents see the importance of teaching their daughters how to cook． And most Americans say that home cooked meal is the best．Americans have their own way of cooking． For example， baking(烘烤) is the most popu’lar way of cooking in America． We can see ovens in most American families． American cooks． pay attention to the balance of food． In planning a big meal， they try to cook meat， a few vege’ tables， some bread and often some sweet food．They also like to make the meal look beautiful．There are many kinds of food in different colors on the plate， so the meal is healthy and looks beautiful， too．

( )21．Most Americans ________．

A． don't like cooking

B． cook food in the morning

C． like home cooked meal

正确答案：C
21.C【解析】从第二段前两句可知。

第2题：

Disciplined actions — less drinking, and more exercise have gradually become my lifestyle. rather than hard work. (翻译)

参考答案：有节制的行为，如少饮酒和多锻炼，已逐渐成为我的生活方式而不是要花力气去做的事。

第3题：

190. Bullying (欺凌弱小) is a big problem that affects lots of kids. Three-quarters of all kids say they have been bullied or teased. Being bullied can make kids feel really bad. The stress of dealing with bullies can make kids feel sick. Bullying can make kids not want to play outside or go to school. It’s hard to keep your mind on schoolwork when you’re worried about how you’re going to deal with the bully near your locker. Bullying bothers everyone—and not just the kids who are getting picked on. Bullying can make school a place of fear and can lead to more violence and more stress for everyone. Some bullies are looking for attention. They might think bullying is a way to be popular or to get what they want. Most bullies are trying to make themselves feel more important. When they pick on someone else, it can make them feel big and powerful. Sometimes bullies know that what they are doing or saying hurts other people. But other bullies may not really know how hurtful their actions can be. Most bullies don’t understand or care about the feelings of others. Bullies often pick on someone they think they can have power over. They might pick on kids who get upset easily or who have trouble sticking up for themselves. Sometimes bullies pick on someone who is smarter than they are or different from them in some way. Sometimes bullies just pick on a kid for no reason at all. [共5题]

(1) According to paragraphs 1 and 2, which of the following is NOT TRUE?

(A) Bullying makes kids frightened.

(B) Bullying usually happens in school.

(D) Bullying is not a serious problem.

(2) Bullying happens because bullies ________.

(A) want people to pay attention to them

(B) feel they are unimportant

(D) both A and C

(3) We can infer from paragraph 4 that ________.

(A) most bullies just care for themselves

(B) most bullies don’t know they are hurting people

(D) most bullies conduct hurtful actions

(4) Bullies usually pick on someone who is ________.

(A) more powerful than themselves

(B) weaker than themselves

(D) as clever as themselves

(5) The author writes the passage in order to ________.

(A) describe bullying (B) argue about bullying

正确答案：D D A B C

第4题：

共用题干
American Families
1 Despite social and economic differences among Americans,many American families have certain characteristics in common.Both the husband and wife were born in the United States,and their forefathers came from Europe.They have completed high school,and they belong to the middle class.They have a car, a television set,a washing machine,a refrigerator,a telephone,etc.They own their own home and spend about 55%of their income for housing and food.Clothing accounts for almost 10%of their income,medical care 6%,transportation 8%and taxes 15%.The rest of their income is used for such items as insurance, savings,gifts,and recreation.
2 Most families consist of a mother,a father,and,at most,two children living at home.There may be relatives-grandparents,aunts,uncles,cousins living in the same community,but American families usually maintain separate households.This family structure is known as the"nuclear family".It is unusual. for members of the family other than the husband,wife,and children to live together.
3 Marriage in the United States is considered a matte,r of individual responsibility and decision.Young people frequently fall in love and many even if their parents disagree.American marriages are usually based on romantic love,rather than on social class,education,or religion.
4 After their marriage the young couple is free to decide where to live and when to start a family.Most young couples set up their own household immediately.In the early 1970s only 15%of all married couples were not living on their own-independently and by themselves.Most married people practise some kind of birth control.They plan the number of children they are going to have and when their children will be born. The practice of limiting the size of families has general approval.The birth rate has been declining steadily in recent years.

Most married couple don't______.
A:live with their parents
B:their own decisions
C:most American families are usually small
D:the family structure
E:some similar features
F:has been dropping

答案：A

解析：

第一段的主旨句是第一句：" Despite social and economic differences among Americans,many American families have certain characteristics in common." D项中的“features”是主旨句中" characteristics”的同义转换。
第二段主要讲的是美国家庭是由哪些成员组成的，即常见的美国家庭的结构。
第三段第一句是主旨句，根据其中的“Marriage”把答案圈定在A.玖F三项，又由第三段最后一句可知，美国婚姻基于真爱而非基于社会阶级、教育和宗教，排除F项。本段主要讲的是婚姻观念而非婚姻生活，因此选择E项。
第四段的主旨句是第一句，主要讲的是美国年轻夫妻的婚后生活。A项中的“post-marriage"甲是第四段第一句中“After their marriage”的同义转换。
根据第一段第一句可知，美国很多家庭都有一定的相似之处。E项中的“some similarfeatures”是第一段第一句中“certain characteristics in common”的同义转换。
根据第三段第一句“Marriage in the United States is considered a matter of individualresponsibility and decision.”可知，美国年轻人自己负责和决定他们的婚姻。B项中的“theirown decisions”是第三段第一句中“individual responsibility and decision”的同义转换。
根据第四段第二句“Most young couples set up their own household immediatily.”可知，许多年轻人在婚后立即建立自己的家庭，不再与他们的父母住在一起。
根据第四段最后一句“The birth rate has been declining steadily in recent years.”可知，出生率近年来持续下降。F项中的“dropping”是对第四段最后一句中“declining”的同义改写。

第5题：

Most covered lifeboats will right themselves after capsizing if the ______.

A.lower ballast tanks are filled with water

B.sea anchor is deployed to windward

C.fuel tanks are not less than half full

D.passengers are strapped to their seats

正确答案：D

第6题：

22． Which is similar to the sentence "It's true that most Americans take fast food as their breakfast and lunch"?

A. Most Americans don’t eat fast food for their breakfast or lunch．

B． Most Americans have fast food for their breakfast and lunch．

C． Most Americans like to eat fast food for dinner．

正确答案：B
22.B【解析】句子的意思是“大部分美国人以速食作为他们的早餐或午餐”，与B项意思相符。

第7题：

Most Americans would prefer to keep their problems ________ themselves, and solve their problems ______ themselves.

A. to; by B. by; to C. for; to D. in; on

正确答案：A

第8题：

Most Americans see themselves as separate individuals, not as () of a family, community or other group.

A、independence

B、representatives

C、customers

D、cultures

参考答案：B

第9题：

共用题干
第三篇

"Clean your plate!"and"Be a member of the clean-plate club!"Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often,it's accompanied by an appeal:"Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!"Sure,we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately,many people in the US take too many bites.Instead of staying"clean the plate",perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.
According to news reports,US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies.A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer,with two to four times the amount recommended by the government,according to a USA Today story.Americans traditionally associate quantity with, value and most restaurants try to give them that.They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.
Barbara Rolls,a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University,told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s,the same time that the American waistline began to expand.
Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions.Now,apparently, some customers are calling for this too.The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large;23 percent had no opinion;20 percent disagreed.But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can't afford fine dining still prefer large portions.Seventy percent of those earning at least ￥150,000 per year prefer smaller portions;but only 45 percent of those earning less than ￥25,000 want smaller.
It's not that working class Americans don't want to eat healthy.It's just that,after long hours at lowpaying jobs,getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal.They live from paycheck to paycheck,happy to save a little money for next year's Christmas presents.

Why do American restaurants serve large portions?
A:Because Americans associate quantity with value.
B:Because Americans have big bellies.
C:Because Americans are good eaters.
D:Because Americans are greedy.

答案：A

解析：

文章第一段开头就讲了，美国父母会让孩子吃光盘子里的食物，不要浪费。因此只有选项C是正确的。
第二段告诉我们传统上美国人会把数量同价值联系在一起，也就是说量越大就越划算，因此饭店给顾客的饭菜量大。饭店宁愿让顾客抱怨饭菜给的过多也不愿让他们觉得饭菜过少。因此选项A是正确的。
文章第三段提到：芭芭拉·罗尔斯教授说20世纪70年代美国饭馆给的饭量开始增加，同时美国人的腰围也粗了。因此选项D是正确的。
文章第四段对调查的结果进行了详尽的解释，选项B、C、D的数据都不正确，只有选项A的表述是正确的。
选项C说“他们不想做吃的健康的人”，这一表述是错误的。文章最后一段明确讲了美国工人不是不想做吃得健康的人，他们只是工作强度大，觉得饭菜量少会不划算。因此选项C。

第10题：

Young Americans make on marriage______.
A:live with their parents
B:their own decisions
C:most American families are usually small
D:the family structure
E:some similar features
F:has been dropping

答案：B

解析：

问答题Most Americans have great vigor and enthusiasm. They prefer to discipline themselves rather than be disciplined by others. They pride themselves on their independence, their right to make up their own minds. They are prepared too take the initiative, e

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