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问答题Passage 1　　Historians of the war can be 1 into two schools. The 2 considers that it was the unavoidable outcome of conflicting interests between Northern and Southern states. The second blames it 3 political leaders for __4__ to avert an unnecessar

题目
问答题
Passage 1　　Historians of the war can be  1 into two schools. The  2 considers that it was the unavoidable outcome of conflicting interests between Northern and Southern states. The second blames it  3  political leaders for __4__ to avert an unnecessary war.　　Analysts are also divided on whether the issue of slavery was the primary cause of the war,  5 a symptom of other more critical differences—especially sectional interests and the doctrine of states’ rights—between the North and South  6 had been developing since the formation of the American republic.　　The fundamental distinction was economic. In the early 1840s the Northern states began the process of industrialization, modernizing their society to  7 the demands of economic change. 8 conclusion, the slogan of Abraham Lincoln’s Republican party, “free labor, free land, free man” encapsulated the ideology of valuing the freedom of individuals to grasp the opportunity 9 economic self-advancement in a booming, expanding society.　　The Southern states remained stubbornly agricultural 10 economically and socially. It was a backward-looking way of life of tall white mansions on great plantations dependent on a labour system which made slaves of approximately 4 million black Americans.　　America was thus divided by economic structure, and was led into fratricidal (杀同胞的) warfare by  11 series of political clashes. The most common cause was the future of the West. The crises  12 California’s admission in 1850 and over Kansas-Nebraska in 1854 were typical of the divergent economic interests of North and South in relation to the  13 .　　The North wanted free land for independent labour in the same new territories  14 the South sought to perpetuate its traditional way of life by extending slavery. The issue was not the slavery already practised, but the prospect of its extension  15 the West.
参考答案和解析
正确答案： 1. divided 本段主要讨论了关于美国南北战争两个不同派别的观点。be divided into被分为。这里指关于战争的历史学家被分为两个派别。
2. first 由后文中的the second可知,这里是介绍第一个派别的观点,因此填入first。
3. on 惯用衔接题。本题考查固定搭配。blame sth. on sb.,意为“责备、归咎(某事于某人)”。
4. failing/unable 第二种观点是责备政治领导者们没能避免一场根本没有必要的战争。根据语意可知,政治领导者在避免战争方面应该是没有成功的,因此填入动名词failing。failing to do sth,“没能做成某事”,符合题意。
5. or whether…or…“是……还是……”,在这里连接两种不同的观点。
6. which/that 分析句子结构可知,空格后面为定语从句,修饰前面的differences between the North and South,因此需要填入关系词which或者that引导从句。
7. meet 这里指北方已经开始工业化(industrialization)和社会的现代化(modernization)进程,来满足经济转变的需要。meet the demands满足需要,满足要求。
8. In in conclusion表示“总之”,为固定词组。
9. for opportunity意为“机会”,后面接for表示目的。
10. both 分析句子结构,economically and socially修饰agricultural。both…and…连接两个并列的成分,强调“两者都……”。
11. a a series of“一系列的;一连串的”。为固定表达。
12. over 根据后文中的over Kansas-Nebraska可知,此处应该使用over,构成并列。
13. West 根据上下文可知,南北方主要的矛盾在于美国西部。这里是对美国西部出现的危机进行具体的阐述。因此此处填入West。
14. where 分析句子结构,空格后面为territories的定语从句。由于空格部分在后面的定语从句中作状语,因此填入where。
15. into/to extension to/into…延伸到……。
解析： 暂无解析
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相似问题和答案

第1题：

Leaders of the two countries hold the view that the national visit will ( ) understanding between their people.

A、foster

B、raise

C、educate

D、civilize


参考答案：A

第2题：

It seemed inevitable that there will be a war between the two countries.

A:certain
B:strange
C:predictable
D:unexpected

答案：A
解析：
本句意思是：两国之间的一场战争是无法避免的。句中inevitable意为 “无法避免的”，例如：Most agree that change is inevitable.大部分人认为改变是不可避免的。四个选项中：certain意为“一定的”，例如：It's certain that every effect must have a cause.无疑，每个结果必定有其原因。strange意为“奇怪的”。 predictable意为“可预测的”，例如：The only thing predictable about life is its unpredictability.生活唯一可预知的便是它的不可预知性。unexpected意为“意料之外的”，例如：Their unexpected arrival threw our plan into confusion.他们的突然到来打乱了我们的计划。只有选项A同句中画线单词含义接近。

第3题：

As can be gathered from the passage, before 1910 the normal running time of a film was probably ______.

A．15 minutes or less

B．between 15 and 30 minutes

C．between 30 and 45 minutes

D．1 hour or more


正确答案：A

第4题：

The two main islands of the British Isles are( ).

A.Great Britain and Northern Ireland
B.Great Britain and Northern Scotland
C.Great Britain and Southern Wales
D.Great Britain and Southern England

答案：A
解析：
考查英国国家概况。英国的全称为the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland，观察选项可知，A项符合题意。

第5题：

资料：In a survey,people were asked to choose between treatments to save 600 people from dying a disease.
Participants,including physicians,were asked to choose between a certain outcome that 200 people will be saved and a risky choice where there is a one-third probability that 600 people will be saved and a two-thirds probability that no people will be saved.
In a second example,the group were asked to choose between allowing 400 people to die or a one-third probably that nobody will die and two-thirds probability that 600 people will die.
In both examples,the first choices have an identical outcome as do their second alternatives.But faced with such a grave choice people did not spot the similarities. In the first example people opted to save 200 people over the gamble of losing people and in the second example people preferred the gamble over the certain outcome of killing 400 people.
What the experiment shows is that wording can have potentially dangerous consequences.Most of people tend to feel losses much more strongly than the pleasure of making a comparable gain.

What is the difference between the two examples mentioned in the passage？

A.The participants
B.The wording
C.The background
D.The contents

答案：B
解析：
本题考查细节理解。
【关键词】difference；between the two examples
【主题句】What the experiment shows is that wording can have potentially dangerous consequences。实验表明，措辞可能会带来潜在的危险后果。
【解析】本题问的是“文章中提到的两个例子，有哪些不同”。文章开头提到一项调查，人们被要求在治疗方法之间做出选择，以拯救600人免于死于一种疾病。举出两种问答方式示例，并以此展开描述。示例一“Participants，including physicians，were asked to choose between a certain outcome that 200 people will be saved and a riskychoice where there is a one-third probability that 600 people will be saved and a two-thirds probability that no people will be saved.”意为“参与者，包括医生，被要求在确定结局及风险选择之间进行选择， 200人将被拯救，或有三分之一的可能性有600人被拯救，三分之二的可能性是没有人会被拯救。”示例二“In a second example，the group were asked to choose between allowing 400 people to die or a one-third probably that nobody will die and two-thirds probability that 600 people will die.”意为“在第二个例子中，这组人同样被要求做出选择，400人会死，或者有三分之一的可能没有人会死，三分之二的可能是600人会死。”选项A意为“参与者”，选项B意为“措辞”，选项C意为“背景”，选项D意为“内容”，结合文章及主题句，故选B。

第6题：

One cause of the Civil War was economic and political rivalry between the（ ）South and the industrial North.

A.agrarian
B.prosperous
C.old‐fashioned
D.poorly organized

答案：A
解析：
A选项意为“农业的，土地的”；B选项为“繁荣的，顺利的”；C选项为“不流行的，保守的”；D选项意为“组织力差的”。根据题意答案为A。

第7题：

资料：In a survey,people were asked to choose between treatments to save 600 people from dying a disease.
Participants,including physicians,were asked to choose between a certain outcome that 200 people will be saved and a risky choice where there is a one-third probability that 600 people will be saved and a two-thirds probability that no people will be saved.
In a second example,the group were asked to choose between allowing 400 people to die or a one-third probably that nobody will die and two-thirds probability that 600 people will die.
In both examples,the first choices have an identical outcome as do their second alternatives.But faced with such a grave choice people did not spot the similarities. In the first example people opted to save 200 people over the gamble of losing people and in the second example people preferred the gamble over the certain outcome of killing 400 people.
What the experiment shows is that wording can have potentially dangerous consequences.Most of people tend to feel losses much more strongly than the pleasure of making a comparable gain.

In the second example，more people choose the option（ ）？

A.with a one-third probability that nobody will die
B.with a two-thirds probability that nobody will be saved
C.allowing 400 people to die
D.that 200 people will be saved

答案：A
解析：
本题考查的是细节理解。
【关键词】second example；more people choose the option
【主题句】in the second example people preferred the gamble over the certain outcome of killing 400 people.在第二个例子中，人们更倾向于冒险，而不是杀死400人的特定结果。
【解析】本题的问题是“在第二个例子中，人们更倾向于哪个选择？”。根据原文可知，选项B以及选项D为第二个例子中的措辞，故排除B、D。（In a second example，the group were asked to choose between allowing 400 people to die or a one-third probably that nobody will die and two-thirds probability that 600 people will die.）结合主题句，“in the second example people preferred the gamble over the certain outcome of killing 400 people.在第二个例子中，人们更倾向于冒险，而不是杀死400人的特定结果。”故选A。

第8题：

"The pen is more powerful than the sword (剑)." There have been many writers who used their pens to fight things that were wrong. Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe was one of them. She was born in the USA in 1811. One of her books not only made her famous but has been described as one that excited the world, and was helpful in causing a civil war and freezing the slaves. The civil war was the American Civil War of 1861, in which the Northern States fought the Southern States and finally won. This book was named "Uncle Toms Cabin". There was time when every English-speaking man, woman, and child has read this novel that did so much to stop slavery. Not many people read it today, but it is still very interesting. The book has shown us how a warm-hearted writer can arouse (唤起) peoples sympathies (同情). The writer herself had neither been to the Southern States nor been a slave. The Southern Americans were very angry at the novel, which they said did not at all represent (代表) true state of affairs,

1、According to the passage ( ).

A、every English-speaking person had read "Uncle Tom's Cabin"

B、"Uncle Tom's Cabin" was not very interesting

C、those who don''t speak English can not have read "Uncle Tom's Cabin"

D、the book "Uncle Tom's Cabin" did a great deal in the American Civil War

2、How old was Mrs. Stowe when her world famous book was published? ( )

A、About 60 years old.

B、Over 50 years old.

C、In her forties.

D、Around 30 years old.

3、What do you learn about Mrs. Stowe from the passage? ( )

A、She had been living in the north of America before the American Civil War.

B、She herself encouraged the northern Americans to go to war and set the slaves free.

C、She was better as writing as using a sword.

D、She had once been a slave.

4、Why could Mrs. Stowe's book cause a civil war in America? ( )

A、She wrote so well that Americans loved her very much.

B、She disclosed (揭露) the terrible wrongs that had been done to the slaves in the Southern States.

C、The Southern Americans hated the book while the Northern Americans like it.

D、The book had been read by many Americans.

5、What can we learn from the passage? ( )

A、We needn't use weapons (武器) to fight things that are wrong.

B、 writer is more helpful in a war than a soldier.

C、We must understand the importance of literature and art.

D、No war can be won without such a book as "Uncle Tom's Cabin".


正确答案：1D 2C 3A 4B 5C

第9题：


Which part of the European is still Catholic？( )

A.The southern and eastern two-thirds.
B.The northern and western one-third.
C.The Spanish-ruled Netherlands.
D.The northern part approximating to modern Holland.

答案：A
解析：
细节题。根据第二段第一句“东南部三分之二的人仍然信奉天主教，西北部三分之一的人信奉后来被称作新教的教派。英国统治的爱尔兰坚持信奉天主教，而西班牙统治的荷兰，特别是靠近现代荷兰的北部地区越来越多的人信奉基督教”可知，A项“东南部三分之二仍然是天主教”符合题意。故本题选A。参考译文：一千多年来，欧洲人虽然为许多事情斗争过，但是在信仰上团结一致，都信奉神圣的天主教和罗马教皇的教会。那里的罗马大主教称为教皇，是继圣·彼德之后被公认的领袖。可是，1517年德国僧侣马丁·路德向某些天主教教义发起挑衅，拒绝服从罗马教皇，其他人追随他，其中包括亨利八世。就这样欧洲四分五裂，东南部三分之二人仍然信奉天主教，西北部三分之一的人信奉后来被称作新教的教派。英国统治的爱尔兰人仍坚持信奉天主教，而西班牙统治的荷兰，特别是靠近现代荷兰的北部地区越来越多的人信奉基督教。事实上，在每个国家，无论是官方声称的天主教还是基督教，信仰不同的人都非常想让他们的邻居改变信仰，而同样强烈地抵制他们的邻居试图使他们改变信仰。为此，在和平共处的原则上无法形成简单、友好的解决方案。每一教派都相信自己掌握了真理，唯一重要的真理，是通向永恒救赎的真理，而它的对手则执着于谬误，而谬误必然会走向永恒的诅咒：不仅是为了他们自己，也是为了所有想要生存下来并将他们的错误观念传递给他人的人。宽容，甚至是合理的讨论都是不可能的，。上帝和魔鬼不能混为一谈。就像对狂热的天主教徒来说伊丽莎白是个荡妇，对基督教徒来说罗马教皇是那个残忍的吸血鬼。天主教徒这类疯狗、蟾蜍和其他类似的恶魔，应从地球上消失。这些感情本身就很危险，地理和金钱问题更是如此。与地中海接壤的天主教国家迄今为止最为富有。从中世纪开始，威尼斯共和国就控制了通往东方的贸易路线，用骆驼把从波斯、中国和印度运来的货物运往它在叙利亚的仓库，并重新装载进漆得华丽的高筒船里，再转运到意大利或更远的地方。自十五世纪末以来，首先是葡萄牙绕过非洲航行到印度，接着西班牙发现了美洲，同样将欧洲所渴望的一切稀有而美妙的东西带到欧洲去卖，包括丝绸、珍贵的木材、糖、香料、金银、精美的艺术品，以及从孔雀到老虎等奇怪的动物。在哥伦布第一次航行到美国两年后的1494年，教皇亚历山大六世为了奖励西班牙和葡萄牙的冒险精神并阻止他们打仗，把大洋彼岸未开发的世界一分为二。其他国家只要仍然信奉天主教，就要尊重这种分割。欧盟是一个多国政体，既不是国家也不是联邦，但随着欧盟掌握政治权力，并充分意识到其民主缺陷，它试图遵守三权分立原则。欧盟有七个机构。在政府事务中，大多数权力集中在欧盟理事会，赋予其正常国际组织的特征。在这里，欧盟层面的所有权力都集中在一个部门。欧洲委员会作为一个独立的执行机构，由理事会与欧洲议会共同任命，但作为欧盟立法的唯一发起者，欧盟委员会也具有立法职能。早期的格言是“委员会提议，理事会处理”。尽管现在欧盟的立法程序要复杂得多，但这个简单的格言仍然有些道理。除了执行和立法这两项职能外，委员会还可以根据《贸易协定》第101条和102条(竞争法)行使第三个准司法职能，欧洲法院仍然是最终的仲裁者。欧洲议会是欧盟最重要的立法机构之一，由直接选举产生。理事会是另一个立法机构，也具有一些行政职能(其中一些由相关的欧洲理事会在实践中行使)。欧洲法院作为独立的司法部门，拥有欧盟法律和条约的解释权。其余的机构，即欧洲审计法院，是一个独立的审计机构(因欧盟对欺诈的敏感性而成立)。

第10题：

Ireland is divided into two political parts:（）.

ANorthern Ireland and Southern Ireland

BSouthern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland

CThe Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland

DNorthern Ireland and Britain


C
略

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