What does the author imply by "Until now such bonds have largely been the preserve of rich-country is-suers" ( Line 3-4, Para.2) ?（ ）
[A] The catastrophe bonds are mainly reserved by rich countries.
[B] Only rich countries have the ability to issue the catastrophe bonds.
[C] Rich countries seldom issue the catastrophe bonds.
[D] Most of the catastrophe bonds are raised in rich countries.
第1题：
The principal factor depressing life expectancy in developing countries has always been the high death rate for infants and children. The World Bank studies suggest that as much as two thirds of the difference in life-spans between people in developed countries and those in developing ones can be traced to differences in survival rates for children under five. It is here where the most improvement has come. According to UN estimates, significant regional drops in infant mortality - ranging from 25 percent to 60 percent and centering near 40 percent - appear to have taken place between the late 1950s and the late 1970s in northern Africa, Latin America, and Asia. Although sub-Saharan Africa' s mortality trends cannot be quantified with confidence, there is reason to believe that life expectancy has risen and infant mortality has declined in that region as well. There is little doubt that population growth has accelerated in sub-Saharan Africa since the 1950s; in fact, sub-Saharan Africa is widely thought to have the highest rate of population growth of any major region in the world. Only a small portion of that acceleration is likely to have been caused by increases in fertility (and increases in fertility, insofar as they have occurred, may also imply improvements in health and nutrition).
Mortality, of course, is not a perfect measure of nutritional change. Improved nutrition is only one of a number of forces that have been pushing down death rates in developing countries. Others include the upgrading of hygiene and sanitation; the extension of public health services; medical innovations; improvements in education, communications, transportation, and, in some areas, civil order. Even so, the extent to which improvements innutrition—both direct and indirect—have reduced mortality in developing countries has frequently been underestimated. For example, Sri Lanka experienced an abrupt jump in life expectancy shortly after the Second World War. Whereas this was long described as a "technical fix"—a triumph of DDT over the anopheles mosquito—years later researchers realized that abrupt and rapid drops in mortality had also taken place in Sri Lanka' s highlands, or "dry zones", where malaria had never been a serious problem. In both highlands and lowland regions health improved in tandem with access to food.
According to the author, life expectancy in developing countries is not high mainly because developing countries______.
A．have a low standard of living
B．have no public health services
C．have no public and private hygiene and sanitation
D．have low survival rates for infants and children
第2题：
A、rarely have not
B、have rarely not
C、have rarely
D、have not rarely
第3题：
A.We shouldn’t eat too much fast food because it’s rich in fat.
B.A healthy diet should contain all the essential nutrients.
C.A lot of food safety issues have been exposed in the food industry.
第4题：
Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
An understanding of man's effect on the balance of nature is crucial (关键的) to being able to find the appropriate remedial action. It is a very common belief that the problems of the population explosion are caused mainly by poor people living in poor countries who do not know enough to limit their reproduction. This is not true. The actual number of people in an area is not as important as the effect they have on nature. Developing countries do have an effect on their environment, but it is the populations of richer countries that have a far greater impact on the earth as a whole.
For example, tropical forests are known to be essential to the balance of nature, yet we are destroying them at a great rate. They are being cleared not to benefit the natives of that country, but to satisfy the needs of rich countries. Central American forests are being destroyed for grassland to make pet food in the United States cheaper; in Papua slew Guinea, forests are destroyed to supply cheaper cardboard packaging for Japanese electronic products; in Burma and Thailand, forests have been destroyed to produce more attractive furniture in Singapore and Hong Kong. Therefore, a rich person living thousands of miles away may cause more tropical forest destruction than a poor person living in the forest itself.
In short, it is everybody's duty to safeguard the future of mankind—not only through population control, but by being more aware of the effect his actions have on nature. Nature is both fragile and powerful. It is very easily destroyed; on the other hand, it can easily destroy its most dangerous enemy—man.
31.According to the first paragraph, people usually believe that .
A.poor people in poor countries contribute to the imbalance of nature
B. rich people know how to protect the environment by taking actions
C. people in poor areas know a lot about the birth control
D. rich people in rich countries have done a lot to balance nature
第5题：
The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries______.
A) heavy industry becomes mare energy-intensive
B) income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil. prices
C) manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed
D) oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP
第6题：
The author holds that______.
A．mortality rates in developing countries have been brought down by a number of forces
B．medical innovations are the only way to reduce mortality rates in developing countries
C．the upgrading of hygiene and sanitation has played a crucial role in reducing mortality rates in developing countries
D．improved nutrition is the only one factor that reduces mortality rates in developing countries
第7题：
The technological advances made it possible for the middle classes to enjoy what had once been()only to the very rich.
A. manageable
B. measurable
C. affordable
第8题：
听力原文：M: So, Jane, how long have you been an author?
W: Well, Tom, I didn't start writing until I was in my thirtieth, and I'm over seventy now. So goodness, I must have been writing for about forty years.
How long has the woman been an author?
A．About 30 years.
B．About 40 years.
C．About 60 years.
D．About 70 years.
第9题：
The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries
A heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive.
B income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices.
C manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed.
D oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP.
第10题：