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Over eight months the scientists tested 20 drugs, all with negative results. Finall

题目

Over eight months the scientists tested 20 drugs, all with negative results. Finally they tested the anticonvulsant drug ethosuzimide. Researchers found that the drug extended the life span of roundworms from 16. 7 days to 19. 6 days, a 17 percent increase。

A. But Komfeld said scientists will not know about the applicability of the drugs in humans until a similar study is done on humans. “What’s very encouraging is that these drugs were developed to treat humans, and they are well understood, because they’ve been used for a long time, ” he said。

B. Later the scientists discovered that two related anticonvulsant drugs also lengthened the lives of the worms-in the case of one drug, by almost 50 percent. “This was a big surprise to use, Komfeld said. ”“We didn’t think anticonvulsant drugs had any particular relationship to aging. That connection was completely unexpected. ”

C. Roundworms are a poor subject for experiments, because they are not like humans, even though their molecules are similar. For example, they have no bones, nor do they show emotions, making it difficult to know how exactly human subjects would react to these drugs in large quantities. However, using the worms allows experiments to be conducted quickly, because they do not live for long。

D. “Somehow the neural activity seems to regulate the aging of all of the body the skin, musculature, and reproductive tract, ” Kornfeld said. “Somehow the nervous system coordinates the progress of all these tissues, evidently, though the life stages. But we don’t know how it does that. ”

E. The discovery may also shed light on the little-understood aging process. Since the drugs act on the neuromuscular systems of both humans and worms, the findings hint at a link between neural activity and aging。

F. Unlike vertebrates, the worms are ideal subjects for the study of aging because of their short life spans, which last only a couple of weeks in a laboratory. The worm is well known in genetics, and the worm’s genome has been sequenced。

G. Use of this drug has been permitted by law since 1998 and wider use is now expected as a result of the studies. “We can clearly link this drug with human aging, but we still need to find proof, says Kornfeld optimistically. ”

参考答案和解析
正确答案：F
空前文字概括介绍了Evason的实验，只有选项F非常清楚地描述了实验对象，并说明为什么使用这个实验对象的原因。这实际上都是介绍实验的一部分。
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相似问题和答案

第1题：

How long has Katy been in Nepal?

A. eight months B. six months C. four months D. one moth


正确答案：C

第2题：

One important factor that affects the correctness of the results is that_________．

A． the old men tested may not have shown such cognitive decline

B． people surveyed are all old

C． people taking part in this test came from all over the world

D． women live longer than men


正确答案：A
A[解析]由第四段的“Those results could be improper because the studies in-volved older people，and women Iive longer than men.”可以推出A项正确。

第3题：

A negative cost variance and positive schedule variance means:

A The project is under budget and ahead of schedule

B The project is over budget and behind schedule

C The project is over budget and ahead of schedule

D The project will be overrun but ahead of schedule at completion


正确答案：C

第4题：

共用题干
第一篇

New Attempts to Eradicate AIDS Virus

A high-profile attempt to eradicate the AIDS virus in a few patients continues to show promise.
But researchers won't know for a year or more whether it will work,scientist David Ho told journalists
here Wednesday for the Fourth Conference on Viruses and Infections.
"This is a study that's in progress,"says Ho,head of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center,
New York.
The study involves 20 people who started combinations of anti-HIV drugs very early in the course of the
disease,within 90 days of their infections.They'ye been treated for up to 18 months.Four others have
dropped out because of side effects or problems complying with the exacting drug system.
The drugs have knocked the AIDS virus down to undetectable levels in the blood of all remaining
patients.And,in the latest development,scientists have now tested lymph nodes and semen from a few
patients and found no virus reproducing there,Ho says."Bear in mind that undetectable does not equal
absent,"Ho says.
Ho has calculated that the drugs should be able to wipe out remaining viruses一at least from known
reservoirs throughout the body—in two to three years.But the only way to prove eradication would be to stop
the drugs and see if the virus comes back.On Wednesday,Ho said he wouldn't ask any patient to consider
that step before 2(1/2)years of treatment.
And he emphasized that he is not urging widespread adoption of such early,aggressive treatment outside
of trials.No one knows the long-term risks.
But other scientists are looking at similar experiments.A federally funded study will put 300 patients on
triple-drug treatments and then see if some responding well after six months can continue to suppress the
virus on just one or two drugs,says researcher Douglas Richman of the University of California,San Diego.
Some patients in that study also may be offered the chance to stop therapy after 1 8 months or more,he says.

We prove that the drugs have wiped out the remaining viruses by________.
A:using up all the drugs at once
B:waiting for the virus to die slowly
C:asking the patients'feeling about the disease
D:stopping the drugs to see if the virus comes back

答案：D
解析：
由文章第一段可知，消灭艾滋病病毒的努力依然有着乐观的前景，故选C。
由文章第四段最后一句“Four others have dropped out because of side effects or problems complying with the existing drug system.”可知，有4位病人从治疗计划中退出，因为当前的治疗 计划对他们产生了副作用或者其他问题，故选C。
由文章第五段的内容可知，检测不到艾滋病病毒并不等于它不存在，即艾滋病病毒可 能是检测不到，但是它还可能隐藏在人体中，故选A。
由文章第六段第二句“But the only way to prove eradication would be to stop the drugs and see if the virus comes back.”可知，证明所用的药物确实消灭了艾滋病病毒的唯一方法就是先 停药一段时间，然后看病毒是否会重新肆虐，故选D。
由文章的最后三段内容可知，在David Ho的研究中，要确认残余的艾滋病病毒已被药 物消灭的话，需要2一3年的时间。在最后一段中一项由联邦政府资助的研究将测试时间限定 在6个月；一些病人可能在约18个月后停止治疗，故选D。第二篇 本篇文章主要讲述的是不丹王国的国王采用国民幸福指数（GNH）来衡量国家的进步，以及 此举带来的影响。

第5题：

How long will the ship stay in the Caribbean?

A.Eight days
B.About two weeks
C.One month
D.About three months

答案：B
解析：
第一段第一句明确指出了15天的加勒比海乘船旅行，选项中和此时间长度最接近的B为正确答案。

第6题：

________ they are observing can be tested in a practical way, scientists will use experiments.

A、If

B、All that

C、What

D、If what


正确答案:D

第7题：

共用题干
Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is Found
The World Health Organization estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis（结核病）.Most times , the infection remains inactive（不活跃
的）.But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB,usually in their lungs. Two million people die of it.The disease has increased with the spread of AIDS and drug-resist-ant forms of tuberculosis.
Current treatments take at least six months.Patients have to take a combination of several antibiotic（抗生素）drugs daily. But many people stop as soon as they feel better. Doing that can lead to an infection（传染病）that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-act-ing cure for tuberculosis would be more effective.Now a study estimates just how effective it might be .A professor of international health at Harvard University led the study.Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients cured.It would also mean fe- wer infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.
The researchers developed a mathematical（数学的）model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan.They tested the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia.The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases.And it might prevent about twenty-five percent of TB deaths.The model shows that these reductions would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty.That is,if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.
The World Health Organization developed the DOTS program in nineteen ninety.DOTS（短期直接观察治疗）is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tubercu- losis patients take their daily pills to make sure they continue treatment.
Earlier this year,an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program.The ten-year plan also aims to finance research into new TB drugs.The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old.The Global Alliance for TB Drug De- velopment（全球结核病药物开发联盟）says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.

Which of the following statements is NOT right in Paragraph 2?
A: Current treatments of TB take at least six months.
B: Shorter treatment program would likely mean more patients cured,and fewer infectious patients.
C:The patients have to take a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily.
D: The patients should stop taking antibiotic drugs as soon as they feel better.

答案：D
解析：
根据文章首段“The World Health Organization estimates that about one-third of all peo-ple are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis（结核病）…each year about eight mu- lion people develop active cases of TB… Two million people die of it.”可知，大约有三分之一的人会感染上结核病细菌，每年约有800万人在肺部转变为活性细菌，大约有二百万人死于结核病。故选C。
由第三段的最后两句“The model shows that these reductions would take place between 2020 and 2030. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by 2020”可知，一种又快又广的治疗方法大约在2020年至2030年，最快也得在2020年。故选B。
由最后一段“The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old”可知，现在最常用的四种治疗结核病的药已有四十多年的历史了。所以要加大投资金额用于研发新药品。
根据题干，我们可以直接定位到第二段。由首句“Current treatments take at least six months”可知目前的治疗肺结核的疗程至少是六个月，故A项正确；根据Joshua Salomon 所说的话可知疗程较短的计划可能意味着更多病人被治好，也意味着将感染传递给别人的病人也会更少，故B、C两项正确。由“But many people stop as soon as they feel bet-ter. Doing that can lead to an infection（传染病）that resists treatment.”可知，结核病患者不能感觉好一点就停止吃药，这样容易发展成抗药性的传染性肺结核。故选D。
由文章最后一句话“The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development（全球结核病药物开发联盟）says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.”可知全球结核病药物开发联盟的目标是研制出一种最好是喝10剂就能治愈结核的药物。 dose剂量，药量；一服（药），一剂（药）。故选C。

第8题：

The law requires all cars () for safety and efficiency.

A.being tested regularly

B.to be regularly tested

C.be regularly tested

D.regularly tested


参考答案：B

第9题：

How long will the ship stay in the Caribbean?

A.Eight days
B.About two weeks
C.One month
D.About three months

答案：B
解析：
第一段第一句明确指出了15天的加勒比海乘船旅行，选项中和此时间长度最接近的B为正确答案。

第10题：

共用题干
Pregnant Women Warned About ACE Inhibitor
Some of the most commonly used medicines for high blood pressure are drugs called ACE in-hibitors.Doctors have given these drugs to patients for twenty-five years.A government study in the United States found that the use almost doubled between 1995 and 2000.
Doctors have known for years that women should not take ACE inhibitors during the last six months of pregnancy.The medicine can injure the baby.ACE inhibitors,though,have been con-sidered safe when taken during the first three months. But a new study has found that women who take these drugs early in their pregnancy still increase the risk of birth disorders. The study shows that,compared to others,their babies were almost three times as likely to be born with major problems .These included problems with the formation of the brain and nervous system and holes in the heart.
The researchers say they found no increased risk in women who took other blood pressure medicines during the first three months.Researchers at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and Boston University did the study.The New England Journal of Medicine published the results. The researchers studied the records of almost thirty thousand births between 1985 and 2000.Two hun-dred nine babies were born to women who took ACE inhibitors during the first three months of their pregnancies.Eighteen of the babies,or almost nine percent,had major disorders.
ACE inhibitors are often given to patients with diabetes. But diabetes during pregnancy can result in birth defects.So the study did not include any women known to be diabetic.ACE inhibi- tors suppress a protein called angiotensin-converting enzyme or ACE.This enzyme produces a chemical in the body that makes blood passages narrow.The drugs increase the flow of blood so pressure is reduced.
New drugs are tested on pregnant animals to see if they might cause birth defects in humans. But experts say these tests are not always dependable.The United States Food and Drug Adminis- tration helped pay for the study .The F. D.A.says women who might become pregnant should talk with their doctor about other ways to treat high blood pressure.

Evidence showed only a small percentage of babies suffered major disorders______.
A: that may cause our blood vessels to become more and more narrow
B: for pregnant women to take during their last six months of pregnancies
C: that their likelihood to suffer major problems is two times higher than other babies
D: with their doctors about how to treat their problems
E: because diabetes during pregnancy may sometimes lead to birth defects
F: though their mothers took ACE inhibitors during their first three months of pregnancies

答案：F
解析：
第二段说的是孕妇在孕期最后六个月服用ACE抑制剂会给未来婴儿带来伤害，婴儿患大病的可能性几乎是其他婴儿的三倍，包括大脑和神经系统发育缺陷及心脏出现空洞等。


第三段说患高血压的孕妇在孕期头三个月服用其他降压药，她们的危险性并没有增加,即使服用ACE抑制剂，其婴儿也只有大约9%患大病。故妊振头三个月相对安全。


第四段说，ACE抑制剂可以抑制一种叫ACE的蛋白质，ACE可以使血管变窄，而 ACE抑制剂则可增加血流使血压下降。


第五段说到，虽然目前正在妊娘动物上试验新药，但其结果也不一定可靠，因此患高血压的妊娘妇女还是要去咨询医生。


本题答案在文章的最后一句talk with与consult with的意思相同，都是“咨询、商量” 的意思。


第二段第一句说到，多年来医生已经知道，妇女在妊娘的后六个月不应该服用ACE 抑制剂。


第三段后半部说到，研究人员研究了大约30,000个婴儿，其中209个婴儿的母亲在妊娘的头三个月服用过ACE抑制剂，但只有18个婴儿患有大病，大约占9%。


本题答案在第四段倒数第二句，该句说，这种酶（即ACE）可使血管变窄。

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