The translator must have an excellent,up-to-date knowledge of his 11 languages, full facility in the handlingof his target language, which will be his mother tongue or language of habitualuse, and knowledge and understanding of the 12 subject-matter i

共用题干 Why Is the Native Language Learnt So Well?How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well?When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language,we often find this interesting fact.A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery(精通）of the language,A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers,in most cases,may end up with a faulty and inexact command（掌握）.What accounts for this difference?Despite other explanations,the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself,partly in the behavior of thle people around him.In the first place,the time of learning the mother tongue is the most fa- vorable of all,namely,the first years of life.A child hears it spoken from morning till night and,what is more important,always in its genuine form,wirth the right pronunciation,right intonation,right use of words and right structure. He drinks in（吸收）all the words and expressions, which come to him in a flash, ever-bubbling( 冒泡的）spring. There is no resistailce: there is perfect assimilation.Then the child has,as it were,private lessons all the year round，while an adult language-student haseach week a limited number of hours,which he generally shares with others.The child has another advan-tage:he hears the language in all possible situations,always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expiessiotis.Here there is nothing unnatural,such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when noe talks aboult ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January.And what a child hears is generallywhat immediately interests him.Again and again,when his attempts at speech are successful,his desires are understood and fulfilled.Finally,though a child's"teachers"may not have been trained in language teaching,their relations with him are always close and personal.They take great pains to make their lessons easy.A child learning his native language has the advantage of having private lessons all the year round.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned

Apart from a mastery of a foreign language, what other knowledge should a foreign language teacher have in order to do his/her job well?

共用题干 The Day a Language DiedWhen Carlos Westez died at the age of 76,a language died,too.Westez,more commonly known as Red Thunder Cloud,was the last speaker of the Native American language,Catawba.Anyone who wants to hear various songs of the Catawba can contact the Smithsonian Institution in Washington,D.C.,where, back in the 1940s,Red Thunder Cloud recorded a series of songs for future generations.______(46) They are all that is left of the Catawba language.The language that people used to speak is gone forever.We are all aware of the damage that modern industry can do to the world's ecology（生态）.However, few people are aware of the impact that widely spoken languages have on other languages and ways of life.English has spread all over the world.Chinese,Spanish,Russian,and Hindi have become powerful languages,as well.______(47)When this happens,hundreds of languages that are spoken by only a few people die out.Scholars believe there are about 6 ,000 languages around the world,but more than half of them could die out within the next 100 years.There are many examples.Araki is a native language of the island of Vanuatu,located in the Pacific Ocean.It is spoken by only a few older adults,so like Catawba,Araki will soon disappear.Many languages of Ethiopia will have the same fate because each one has only a few speakers.______(48)In the Americas,100 languages,each of which has fewer than 300 speakers,also are dying out.Red Thunder Cloud was one of the first to recognize the threat of language death and to try to do something about it.He was not actually born into the Catawba tribe,and the language was not his mother tongue.______(49)The songs he sang for the Smithsonian Institution helped to make Native American music popular.Now he is gone,and the language is dead.What does it mean when a language disappears? When a plant or insect or animal species dies,it is easy to understand what we've lost and to appreciate what this means for the balance of the natural world.However,language is only a product of the mind.To be the last remaining speaker of a language,like RedThunder Cloud,must be a lonely destiny,almost as strange and terrible as being the last surviving member of a dying species.______(50)_______(48)A:Some people might want to try to learn some of these songs by heart.B:Papua New Guinea is an extremely rich source of different languages,but more than 100 of them are in danger of extinction（灭绝）.C:However,he was a frequent visitor to the Catawba reservation in South Carolina,where he learned the language.D:These languages don't have many native speakers.E:For the rest of us,when a language dies,we lose the possibility of a unique way of seeing and describing the world.F:As these languages become more powerful,their use as tools of business and culture increases.

共用题干 Why is the Native Language Learnt So Well?How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well?When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language,we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery（精通）of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers,in most case,may end up with a faulty and inexact command（掌握）.What accounts for this differ- ence?Despite other explanations,the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself,partly in the behavior of the people around him.In the first place,the time of learning the mother tongue is the most fa-vorable of all,namely,the first years of life.A child hears it spoken from morning till night and,what is more important,always in its genuine form,with the right pronunciation,right intonation,right use of words and right structure. He drinks in（吸收）all the words and expressions , which come to him in a flash, ever-bubbling（冒泡的）spring. There is no resistance : there is perfect assimilation.Then the child has,as it were,pnvate lessons all the year round,while an adult language-student has each week a limited number of hours,which he generally shares with others.The child has another advan- tage:he hears the language in all possible situations,always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions.Here there is nothing unnatural,such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January.And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him.Again and again,when his attempts at speech are successful,his desires are understood and fulfilled.Finally,though a child's "teachers" may not have been trained in language teaching,their relations with him are always close and personal.They take great pains to make their lessons easy.Adults'knowledge and mental powers hinder their complete mastery of a foreign language.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned

问答题Apart from a mastery of a foreign language, what other knowledge should a foreign language teacher have in order to do his/her job well?

The translator must have an excellent,up-to-date knowledge of his 11 languages, full facility in the handlingof his target language, which will be his mother tongue or language of habitualuse, and knowledge and understanding of the 12 subject-matter in his field ofspecialization. This is, as it were, his professional equipment. In addition tothis, it is desirable that he should have an 13 mind, wide interests, a good memory and the ability to grasp quicklythe basic principles of new developments. He should be willing to work on hisown, often at high speeds, but should be humble enough to 14 othersshould his own knowledge not always prove adequate to the task in hand. He shouldbe able to type fairly quickly and accurately and, if he is working mainly forpublication, should have more than a nodding 15 with printing techniques andproof-reading. If he is working basically as an information translator, let ussay, for an industrial firm, he should have the flexibility of mind to enablehim to 16 rapidly from one sourcelanguage to another, as well as from one subject-matter to another, since thisability is frequently required of him in such work. Bearing in mind the natureof the translator′s work, i.e. the processing of the written word, it is,strictly speaking, 17 that he should be able to speak the languages heis dealing with. If he does speak them, it is an 18 rather than a hindrance, but this skillis in many ways a luxury that he can do away with. It is, however, desirablethat he should have an approximate idea about the pronunciation of his sourcelanguages even if this is restricted to 19 how proper names and placenames are pronounced. The same applies to an ability to write his sourcelanguages. If he can, well and good; if he cannot, it does not matter. Thereare many other skills and 20 that are desirable in a translator. 第12题选A.last B.later C.latest D.latter

共用题干 Why Is the Native Language Learnt So Well?How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well?When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language,we often find this interesting fact.A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery(精通）of the language,A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers,in most cases,may end up with a faulty and inexact command（掌握）.What accounts for this difference?Despite other explanations,the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself,partly in the behavior of thle people around him.In the first place,the time of learning the mother tongue is the most fa- vorable of all,namely,the first years of life.A child hears it spoken from morning till night and,what is more important,always in its genuine form,wirth the right pronunciation,right intonation,right use of words and right structure. He drinks in（吸收）all the words and expressions, which come to him in a flash, ever-bubbling( 冒泡的）spring. There is no resistailce: there is perfect assimilation.Then the child has,as it were,private lessons all the year round，while an adult language-student haseach week a limited number of hours,which he generally shares with others.The child has another advan-tage:he hears the language in all possible situations,always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expiessiotis.Here there is nothing unnatural,such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when noe talks aboult ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January.And what a child hears is generallywhat immediately interests him.Again and again,when his attempts at speech are successful,his desires are understood and fulfilled.Finally,though a child's"teachers"may not have been trained in language teaching,their relations with him are always close and personal.They take great pains to make their lessons easy.So far as language teaching is concerned,the teacher's close personal relationship with the student is more important than the professional language teaching training he has received.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned

Chomsky defines “competence” as the ideal user’s k（）of the rules of his language.

单选题According to Chomsky, ________refers to the actual realization of user's knowledge of the rules of his language in utterances.A competenceB performanceC paroleD langue

单选题Stoke’s argument is based on his belief that _____.A language is a product of the brainB language is a system of meaningful codesC sign language is derived from natural languageD sign language is as efficient as any other language

The translator must have an excellent,up-to-date knowledge of his 11 languages, full facility in the handlingof his target language, which will be his mother tongue or language of habitualuse, and

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