Which was NOT originally one of the Nobel Prizes?A The medicine prize. B The literature prize. C The peace prize. D The economics prize.

题目

Which was NOT originally one of the Nobel Prizes?

A The medicine prize. B The literature prize. C The peace prize. D The economics prize.

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相似问题和答案

第1题：

An overtaking situation at night would be one in which one vessel sees which light(s) of a vessel ahead ?______.

A.Masthead lights and sidelights

B.One sidelight, the masthead lights and stern-light

C.Both sidelights

D.Stern-light

正确答案：D
在夜间处于追越中，一船将看到其前方船的哪个号灯？尾灯

第2题：

The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment,as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March.And it is far from the only one of its type.As a News Feature article in Nature discusses,a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years.Many,like the Fundamental Physics Prize,are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs.These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields,they say,and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like?Quite a lot,according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature.You cannot buy class,as the old saying goes,and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels,The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them,say scientists.They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research.They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research.They do not fund peer-reviewed research.They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism.Some want to shock,others to draw people into science,or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before,there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed.The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences,launched this year,takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include.But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize,each of whom must still be living,has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson.The Nobels were,of course,themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money.Time,rather than intention,has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards,two things seem clear.First,most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one.Second,it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere,It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research,after all—but it is the prize-givers’money to do with as they please.It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.
The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as

A.a symbol of the entrepreneurs’wealth.
B.a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes.
C.an example of bankers’investments.
D.a handsome reward for researchers.

答案：C

解析：

事实细节根据题干中关键词专有名词“The Fundamental Physics Prize”，我们可以迅速定位到文章第一段。选项A“企业家财富的象征”，以entrepreneurs为关键词定位对应的原文“Many,like the Fundamental Physics Prize,are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs.”也就是说像基础物理学奖一样的许多奖项，是由银行账户如电话号码一般长的互联网企业家提供资金设立的，而不是企业家财富的象征，故选项A错误；选项B“可能替代诺贝尔奖的奖项”，以“the Nobel Prizes”为关键词定位对应原文“a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years.”就是说“一系列报酬丰厚的奖项加入了诺贝尔奖行列。”很明显原文是“join（加入）”而并非选项中的“replacement（代替）”，故排除B；选项C“对研究者的慷慨奖励”对应原文“they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science”即他们想通过自己的财富让人们关注那些在科学领域有所成就的人，因此C为正确选项；而选项D“银行家投资的一个例子”，原文并未提及这是一个example的相关信息，故排除。

第3题：

A Nobel Prize is considered by most people one of the highest international honors a person can receive. As you know, the prizes were started by a Swede called Alfred Nobel. Alfred Nobel was born in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, and lived from 1833 to1896. Alfred Nobel was a chemist and inventor. He made two important inventions. And so he became very rich. Although he was rich, Nobel was not a happy man. He never married nor had children. Also, he was a sick man in a large part of his life. Nobel died at the age of sixty-three. When he died, he left a fund 基金) of $9,000, 000. The money was to be used in giving prizes to those who made outstanding achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and the promotion 促进)of world peace. The first Nobel Prizes were given on December 10th, 1901, five years after Nobel’s death. Many famous people from all over the world have been given Nobel Prizes for their achievements. Albert Einstein was one of them. Each Prize has three parts. The first part is a gold medal. Second, a winner of a Nobel Prize is given a diploma(证书)saying that he has been given the Prize. The third part of the prize is a large amount of money—about $40, 000. Often a Prize is given to just one person, but not always. Sometimes, a Prize is shared. It may be given to two or three people who have worked together. Sometimes a Prize is not given at all if there is no outstanding achievement. In 1972, for example, no Nobel Peace Prize was given. It is the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm that decides whether to give the Prize or not

1.Most people think that the Nobel Prize is __________ a person can receive.

A、 the highest honor in the world

B、 one of the highest international honors

C、 a higher honor than others

D、 as high as any other honor

2.Alfred Nobel who started the Nobel Prize was __________

A、 a rich, happy and lucky man

B、 a poor, unhappy and unlucky man

C、 a poor, but happy and lucky man

D、 a rich, unhappy and unlucky man

3.A Nobel Prize is made up of _________

A、 a gold medal and a large amount of money

B、 a gold medal and a diploma

C、 a gold medal and a diploma and a large amount of money

D、 a diploma and a large amount of money

4.A Nobel Prize is given to __________ each year.

A、 just one person

B、 one person

C、 not always one person

D、 three persons

5.When he died, Nobel left an amount of money __________

A、 to his wife and his children

B、 to the university he used to study in

C、 to his parents and his students

D、 to be spend on setting five prizes

参考答案：BDCCD

第4题：

共用题干
Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel
Prize Announcements
Two scientists who have won praise for research into the growth of cancer cells could be candidates for the Nobel Prize in medicine when the 2008 winners are presented on Monday,kicking off six days of Nobel announcements.
Australian-born U.S.citizen Elizabeth Blackburn and American Carol Greider have already won a series of medical honors for their enzyme research and experts say they could be among the front-runners for a Nobel.
Only seven women have won the medicine prize since the first Nobel'Prizes were handed out in 1901 .The last female winner was U .S .researcher Linda Buck in 2004,who shared the prize with Richard Axel.
Among the pair's possible rivals are Frenchman Pierre Chambon and Americans Ronald Evans and Elwood Jensen,who opened up the field of studying proteins called nuclear hormone receptors.
As usual,the award committee is giving no hints about who is in the running before presenting its decision in a news conference at Stockholm's Karolinska Institute.
Alfred Nobel,the Swede who invented dynamite,established the prizes in his will in the categories of medicine,physics,chemistry,literature and peace.The economics prize is technically not a Nobel but a 1968 creation of Sweden's central bank.
Nobel left few instructions on how to select winners,but medicine winners are typically awarded for a specific breakthrough rather than a body of research.
Hans Jornvall,secretary of the medicine prize committee,said the 10 million kronor(US$ 1.3 million)prize encourages groundbreaking research but he did not think winning it was the primary goal for scientists.
“Individual researchers probably don't look at themselves as potential Nobel Prize winners when they're at work,”Jornvall told The Associated Press.“They get their kicks from their research and their interest in how life functions.”
In 2006,Blackburn,of the University of California,San Francisco,and Greider,of Johns
Hopkins University in Baltimore,shared the Lasker prize for basic medical research with Jack
Szostak of Harvard Medical School. Their work set the stage for research suggesting that cancer cells use telomerase to sustain their uncontrolled growth.

The word“kicks”in line 6 from the bottom probably means_______.
A: knowledge
B: motivation
C: income
D: excitement

答案：D

解析：

从短文的前四段可以看出，只有2004年获得诺贝尔医学奖的Linda Buck不在今年的候选人范围内。

短文的第七段说到，对于如何选拔获奖者诺贝尔并没有多少交代。

短文的第六段说到，诺贝尔奖在设立时并没有经济学奖项。

从上下文不难看出，科学家搞研究的主要目的不是为了获奖，他们从其所从事的研究以及生命运行的兴趣中获得很大快感。

短文的最后一句话表明，研究显示癌细胞利用端粒酶来支持其无限增殖，而这几位科学家的工作为这种研究打下了基础。

第5题：

You don't know what you've got till it's gone,Joni Mitchell rold us.So now that the 2018 Nobel Prize in Literature will be postponed-it seems worth asking what,exactly,the prize gives us.For decades,the choices of the Swedish Academy have failed to provoke much interest from American publishers and readers.This i.s not just because American readers are resistant to fiction in translation,as publishers often complain.On the contrary,over the last two decades,many foreign writers have made a major impact on American literature.But then,the failure of the Swedish Academy to reflect the actual judgment of literary history is nothing new.If you drew a Venn diagram showing the winners of the Nobel Prize in one circle and the most influential and widely read 20th-century writers in the other,their area of overlap would be surprisingly small.Does this mean that a different group of critics and professors in a bigger,more diverse country woulcl have done a better job at picking the winners?Very possibly.In the mind of the general public,the Nobel basically descends from the sky to bless the winner.But it is nothing more or less than the decision of a particular group of readers,with their own strengths and weaknesses.And the problem with the Nobel Prize in Literature goes deeper.No matter who is in the room where it happens,the Nobel Prize is based on the idea that merit can best be determined by a small group of specialists.This may make sense for the prizes in the sciences,since those fields are less than penetrable to anyone but fellow practitioners.Even in the sciences,however,there is a growing sense that the tradition of awarding the prize to just one or two people distoris the way modern science is actually practiced today:Most important discoveries are the work of teams,not of individual geniuses brooding in isolation.Literature is at least produced by individual authors;but in this case,the Nobel's reliance on seemingly expert judgment runs into a different problem.For literature is not addressed to an audience of experts;it is open to the judgment of every reader.Nor is literature proZressive,with new discoveries replacing old ones:Homer is just as groundbreaking today as he was 2,500 years ago.This makes it impossible to rank literary works according to an objective standard of superiority.Good criticism helps people to find the books that will speak to them,but it doesn't attempt to simply name"the most outstanding work,"in the way the Nobel Prize does.A book earns the status of a classic,not because it is approved by a committee or put on a syllabus,but simply because a lot of people like it for a long time.Literary reputation can only emerge on the free market,not through central planning.
The author mentioned science prizes to support the view that

A.scientific reputation should depend on expert opinion.
B.science prizes should not ignore the work of teams.
C.literary writers should be judged by fellow writers.
D.literary merit should not rely on specialist judgment.

答案：D

解析：

由题干关键词saence prizes定位至第四段。该段首句概括指出“诺贝尔文学奖存在深层问题”，随后指出“诺贝尔奖的基本理念‘价值可以由一小组专家很好地决定”’，紧接着以科学类奖项说明这一理念存在一定程度的合理性：除了同行，其他人恐怕无法通晓，故而可以由一小部分专家来决定；第五段进而对比指出文学类奖项与科学类奖项的不同之处：文学并非面向专家读者而作，而是面向普通大众而作。借此不难得知，作者提及科学奖只是为了对比指出文学作品价值不可依赖专家评判。故D.正确。[解题技巧]A.、B.均侧重“科学”，属写作事实本身，而非写作目的。C.直接将第五段②句“文学作品应该由读者评判”篡改为“文学作家应由其他作家评判”。

第6题：

The correct meaning of a lexical item in a given context is__________

A．the one provided in a dictionary
B．the one which best fits the context
C．the central or core meaning of the item
D．the one which is assumed to be correct

答案：B

解析：

第7题：

You don't know what you've got till it's gone,Joni Mitchell rold us.So now that the 2018 Nobel Prize in Literature will be postponed-it seems worth asking what,exactly,the prize gives us.For decades,the choices of the Swedish Academy have failed to provoke much interest from American publishers and readers.This i.s not just because American readers are resistant to fiction in translation,as publishers often complain.On the contrary,over the last two decades,many foreign writers have made a major impact on American literature.But then,the failure of the Swedish Academy to reflect the actual judgment of literary history is nothing new.If you drew a Venn diagram showing the winners of the Nobel Prize in one circle and the most influential and widely read 20th-century writers in the other,their area of overlap would be surprisingly small.Does this mean that a different group of critics and professors in a bigger,more diverse country woulcl have done a better job at picking the winners?Very possibly.In the mind of the general public,the Nobel basically descends from the sky to bless the winner.But it is nothing more or less than the decision of a particular group of readers,with their own strengths and weaknesses.And the problem with the Nobel Prize in Literature goes deeper.No matter who is in the room where it happens,the Nobel Prize is based on the idea that merit can best be determined by a small group of specialists.This may make sense for the prizes in the sciences,since those fields are less than penetrable to anyone but fellow practitioners.Even in the sciences,however,there is a growing sense that the tradition of awarding the prize to just one or two people distoris the way modern science is actually practiced today:Most important discoveries are the work of teams,not of individual geniuses brooding in isolation.Literature is at least produced by individual authors;but in this case,the Nobel's reliance on seemingly expert judgment runs into a different problem.For literature is not addressed to an audience of experts;it is open to the judgment of every reader.Nor is literature proZressive,with new discoveries replacing old ones:Homer is just as groundbreaking today as he was 2,500 years ago.This makes it impossible to rank literary works according to an objective standard of superiority.Good criticism helps people to find the books that will speak to them,but it doesn't attempt to simply name"the most outstanding work,"in the way the Nobel Prize does.A book earns the status of a classic,not because it is approved by a committee or put on a syllabus,but simply because a lot of people like it for a long time.Literary reputation can only emerge on the free market,not through central planning.
Which of the following is true of the Nobel Prize in Literature according to Para.3?

A.Its judges are narrow-minded.
B.lts value is overstated by the public.
C.Its decision is interfered by amateurs.
D.Its rewards for the winners are falling.

答案：B

解析：

第三段③句先指出公众对诺贝尔文学奖的看法“犹如一道圣光”，④句随后做出点评“事实上，该奖项不过是某一特定读者群的决定，这些读者各有其优缺点”。可见，作者意欲指出该奖项的评委能力有限，其价值（含金量）被公众高估,B.正确。[解题技巧]A.由①②句“要是换做来自一个更大、更多元化的国家的评委，决定可能更好”主观臆断出“当前评委（因背景不够多元而）目光狭隘”，而但却忽视文意中的不确定性“未必如此”。C.将④句“特定读者（指代评委这类有专业资质的读者）”曲解为“业余人士”，进而得出“奖项决定受到业余人士的干扰”。D.由③句单个词汇bless、descends捏造，原文并未谈及诺奖对获奖者的好处／回报是否减少。

第8题：

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21~30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，

Alfred Nobel became a millionaire and changed the ways of mining，construction，and warfare as the inventor of dynamite（炸药）. On April 12，1888，Alfred's brother Ludwig died of heart attack. A major French newspaper _21_ his brother for him and carried an article _22_ the death of Alfred Nobel. “The merchant of death is dead.” The article read. “Dr. Alfred

Nobel，who became _23_ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before，died yesterday. ”Nobel was _24_ to find out not that he had died，but that，when his time was up， he would be thought of only as one who profited from _25_ and destruction.

To make sure that he was _26_ with love and respect. Nobel arranged in his _27_ to give the largest part of his money to _28_ the Nobel prizes，which would be awarded to people who made great _29_ to the causes of peace，literature，and the sciences. So _30_ ，Nobel had to die before he realized what his life was really about.

21. A. found B. misunderstood C. mistook D. judged

正确答案：C
【解析】因mistake A for B （将A误以为B）是固定搭配。

第9题：

共用题干
Teaching and Learning Medicine Award
Two scientists who have won praise for research into the growth of cancer cells could be candidates for the Nobel Prize in medicine when the 2008 winners are presented on Monday,kicking off six days of Nobel announcements.
Australian-born U.S.citizen Elizabeth Blackburn and American Carol Greider have already won a Series of medical______(51)for their enzyme（酶）research and experts say they could be among the front-runners for a Nobel.
Only seven women have______(52)the medicine prize since the first Nobel Prizes were______(53) out in 1901.The last female winner was U.S.researcher Linda Buck in 2004,who______(54)the prize with Richard Axel.
Among the pair's possible______(55)are Frenchman Pierre Chambon and Americans Ronald Evans and Elwood Jensen,who______(56)up the field of studying proteins called nuclear hormone receptors（核激素受体）.
As usual,the award committee is giving no______(57)about who is in the running before presenting its decision in a news conference at Stockholm's Karolinska Institute.
Alfred Nobel,the Swede who______(58)dynamite（炸药）,established the prizes in his will in the ______(59)of medicine,physics,chemistry,literature and peace.The economics prize is technically not a Nobel but a 1968 creation of Sweden's central bank.
Nobel left few instructions on how to______(60)winners,but medicine winners are typically______(61)for a specific breakthrough rather than a body of research.
Hans Jornvall , secretary of the medicine prize committee , said the 10 million kronor（瑞典克朗）prize encourages______(62)research but he did not think winning it was the primary goal for scientists."Individual researchers probably don't______(63)at themselves as potential Nobel Prize winners when they,re______(64)work,"Jornvall told the Associated Press-They get their kicks from their research and their interest in how life______(65)."

60._________
A:find
B:select
C:locate
D:search

答案：B

解析：

由此空之前的动词won可知，此处应填与奖项、荣誉等有关的内容，故选D。
由此空之后的宾语prize可知，此处的谓语应用动词win，故选C。
handout意思是“分发”，符合句意。shoutout大声宣布；readout读出；deliver不能和out搭配。
该句的内容是表示两个人共同获得了一个奖项，用share…with…结构，表示“和……分享”。
此处表示诺贝尔奖项的两组竞争者，故用单词rival，意思是“竞争者”。match相配的人，对手；counterpart职位或作用相当的人或物；partner搭档。
backup意为“支持”;openup意为“开发，打开”;pickup意为“捡起”;workup意为“逐步发展”。此处表示开发了一项对新领域的研究，故选B。
hint的意思为“线索”，符合文意。proposal提议，建议；suggestion建议，意见；idea主意，想法。
诺贝尔是炸药的发明者。故本题选C。
此空之后的内容列举的是诺贝尔奖项的几种类型，故此处应填category，意为“类型”。
select的意思为“选择”，此处指选出获奖者，符合文意。find发现，找出；locate定位；search搜索。
根据前文内容可知，此处表达的是获得医学诺贝尔奖的条件，故选award，意为“授予，判定”。send发送，派遣；invite邀请；demand要求，需要。
groundbreaking意为“开创性的，突破性的”，诺贝尔奖奖励的是有突破性的研究，符合文意。ordinary一般的；historical历史的；ongoing不间断的，进行的。
lookat除了有“看”的意思外，还可以表示“看待，考虑”，在此处符合文意。regard不能和at搭配使用;laughat嘲笑；smileat朝……微笑。
表达“在工作中”要用atwork的搭配，故选D。
本句话的意思为“他们从研究以及对生命如何运转的好奇中得到乐趣，此处用function符合文意。mean意味着；pass穿过，过去；rise上升。

第10题：

Who is NOT a likely candidate for this year's Nobel Prize in medicine?
A:Pierre Chambon.
B: Linda Buck.
C: Carol Greider.
D: Elizabeth Blackburn.

答案：B

解析：

Which was NOT originally one of the Nobel Prizes?

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