Whenever you make an overly general statement about another person or about yourself,you are likely to be distorting the facts and conveying very little useful information.This is because most generalizations fail to differentiate between states and trait

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Whenever you make an overly general statement about another person or about yourself,you are likely to be distorting the facts and conveying very little useful information.This is because most generalizations fail to differentiate between states and traits.A state is a temporary way of being while a trait tends to be a more stable and enduring characteristic or pattern of behavior.So,someone with a character trait of calmness and composure can,under certain circumstances,act agitated and angry because of being in a temporary state that is quite uncharacteristic of his regular style.Hence,"You are selfish"is vague generalization.Indeed,"You are selfish"implies that is quite uncharacteristic of his regular style.Hence,"You are selfish"is vague generalization.Indeed,"You are selfish"implies that the person almost always makes inconsiderate or self-centered choices that disregard the needs and wishes of others.But an occasional selfish act does not make someone selfish across the board because even a very generous person can occasionally be in a state during which he is anything but generous.

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第1题：

Having acknowledged receipt of the interview letter，you must prepare for the interview. Firms usually take a good deal of trouble over interviews，and there may be three or more people present，which can be a little frightening. Very often the personnel officer will begin by some words of welcome and an invitation to you to tell them a little about yourself. This is really inviting you to repeat the information you have already supplied on the application form，and which they have already read，but it does have some point. It will put you at your ease，because at least you know all about your own level of achievement and can speak about it confidently. It helps them assess your ability to communicate and your serf-esteem. Some people have too high an opinion of themselves，some take an unduly pessimistic view of their achievements，while others have a nicely balanced assessment of their own abilities.

正确答案：
在你表明收到面试函以后，就要为面试做准备了。一般说来，公司在面试上不怕麻烦，往往有两三个人员在场，这可能会有点让人害怕。多数情况下，管人事的会以欢迎一类的话作为开场白，然后就请你谈一些自己的情况。这实际上是让你把申请表里已经提供的，而且他们已经看过的情况再陈述一遍。但它却有一定的用处。它会使你放松，因为至少你对自己的水平很熟悉，可以很自信地侃侃而谈。他们也可以此来评定你的交流能力和是否自负。因为有些人对自己评价过高，有些人却无端自卑，有的人则能对自己的能力有一个中肯的判断。

第2题：

SMALL TALK BEFORE A MEETING This is a situation you’ve probably experienced many times: you arrive for a meeting ten minutes early. There are several people already there. You say hello and then … What do you talk about What do you say In this situation, you need to be able to make small talk. Small talk is an informal conversation. We use the term “small talk” because it is not about exchanging information or making decisions or having a serious discussion. It’s a way to avoid uncomfortable silences and build stronger relationships. Small talk might seem to be about nothing important, but it is important in itself. Being able to make small talk will allow you to make yourself part of a group. It will set the stage for more serious types of communication.

1.Small talk is a kind of formal dialog.()

2.The term “small talk” means there are only two persons in the dialog.()

3.Small talk is a useful ice-breaker and can build stronger relationships.()

4.Small talk is not at all important. ()

5.Making small talk will allow you to be a member of a group.()

参考答案：子问题 1:F; 子问题 2:F; 子问题 3:T; 子问题 4:F; 子问题 5:T

第3题：

186. Do you sometimes argue about what seems to you to be simple fact? Do you argue whether it’s cold outdoors or whether the car in front of you is going faster than the speed limit? If you get into such arguments, try to think about the story about the six blind men and the elephant. The first blind man who felt the elephant’s trunk said it was like a snake. The second who felt the elephant’s side said it was like a wall, while the third said it was like a spear as he touched the animal’s tusk. The fourth, who had hold of the elephant’s tail insisted that it was like a rope. The fifth man said it looked like a tree as he put his arms around one of the elephant’s legs. The sixth, who was tall and got hold of the elephant’s ears, said it was like a huge fan. Each man’s idea of the animal came from his own experience. So if someone disagrees with you about a “simple fact”, it’s often because his experience in the matter is different from yours. To see how hard it is for even one person to make up his mind about a “simple fact”, try this simple experiment. Get three large bowls. Put ice water in one. Put hot water in the second. Put lukewarm water in the third. Now put your left hand in the ice water. Put your right hand in the hot water. After thirty seconds, put both hands in the lukewarm water. Your right hand will tell you the water is cold. You left hand will tell you it’s hot! [共5题]

(1) What makes people think about simple facts differently?

(A) The fact that simple facts differ from one another.

(B) The fact that people have different experience in the same simple fact.

(D) The fact that it’s hard to make up one’s mind about simple facts.

(2) Which of the following temperature is the closest to the meaning of the word “lukewarm” in the last paragraph?

(A) Above 0℃. (B) Above 40℃. (C) Above 20℃. (D) Below 0℃.

(3) The writer’s advice is ________.

(A) we should never think about simple facts

(B) we should never judge something with a one-sided view

(D) we must learn from the six blind men

(4) After reading the last paragraph, we may think of ________.

(A) Newton’s law

(B) Crallilao’s theory of falling objects

(D) Marx’s On Capital

(5) The main idea of this passage is ________.

(A) people often judge something according to his own experience

(B) people often agree about simple facts

(D) don’t care too much about simple facts

正确答案：B C B C A

第4题：

The process of perceiving others is rarely translated(to ourselves or others) into cold,objective terms．"She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt．" More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations,abilities, ideas, and characters． Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly--perhaps with a two-second glance．
We try to obtain information about others in many ways． Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others; who are known to you so you can compare the observed person's behavior with the known others' behavior, observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for,deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the person's responses to specific stimuli, asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person about himor her, and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person--question, self-disclosures, and so on．
Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly
changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise． You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him． If we accept the idea that we won't ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions． It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior． Ironically, those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e． g． secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of a satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e． g． disclosures and truthful statement)．
According to the passage, if we perceive a person, we are likely to be interested in__________．

A.what he wears
B.how tall he is
C.how happy he is
D.what color he dyes his hair

答案：C

解析：

根据第一段可知，我们很少根据多高、染什么颜色的头发、穿什么衣服去认识一个人，而更多的是通过他的内在去判断，“More often，we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint his or her attitudes．emotions，motivations，abilities，ideas，and characters．”因此，答案为C。

第5题：

A.the relationship between people
B.the perception of other people
C.secrets and deceptions of people
D.people's attitudes and characters

答案：B

解析：

本文分别讲了how to perceive others，methods of perceiving others，factors preventing us from knowing others。因此答案为B。

第6题：

You don’t like buying things online, do you?()

A、 Yes、I don’t like it much

B、 No、I’m a little worried about security

C、 No、It’s very convenient

参考答案：A

第7题：

Just as in face-to-face communication, there are some basic rules of behavior(行为) that should be followed on the Internet. The basic rule is simple: treat others in the same way you would want to be treated. ①Imagine how you’d feel if you were in the other person’s shoes.

For anything you’re about to send: ask yourself, “ Would I say that to the person’s face?” If the answer is no, rewrite and reread. If someone in the chat room is rude to you, you needn’t to fire back. You should either ignore(不理睬) the person, or use your chat software to block their messages. Remember to respect the beliefs and opinions of others in the chat room.

②Offer advice when asked by newcomers, as they may not be sure what to do or how to communicate. When someone makes a mistake, be kind about it. If you do decide to tell someone about the mistake, point it out politely. At the same time, if you find you are wrong, be sure to correct yourself and apologize to those that you have offended(冒犯).③询问别人诸如年龄、性别和家庭情况等隐私问题是不礼貌的。Unless you know the person very well, and you are both comfortable with sharing personal information, or don’t ask such questions.

76. In the chat room we must respect others’ ____________ and __________.

正确答案：

beliefs, opinions

第8题：

What are you recommended to answer the question tell me about yourself, if you are seeking for your first job?

A.Speak much about how that job appeals to you and caused you to apply for it.

B.Speak much about how your enthusiasm about an area has driven you to want that job.

C.Speak much about how a book you’ve read or a person you’ve known motivated you to get that job.

D.Speak much about how your past experiences made you decide to compete for that job.

参考答案：B

第9题：

The process of perceiving others is rarely translated(to ourselves or others) into cold,objective terms．"She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt．" More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations,abilities, ideas, and characters． Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly--perhaps with a two-second glance．
We try to obtain information about others in many ways． Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others; who are known to you so you can compare the observed person's behavior with the known others' behavior, observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for,deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the person's responses to specific stimuli, asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person about himor her, and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person--question, self-disclosures, and so on．
Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly
changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise． You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him． If we accept the idea that we won't ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions． It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior． Ironically, those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e． g． secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of a satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e． g． disclosures and truthful statement)．
?We may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him because__________．

A.we don't accept the idea that we might never fully know another person
B.we often get information in a casual and inexact way
C.we pay more attention to other people's motivations and emotions
D.we often have face-to-face conversation with him

答案：B

解析：

由第三段可知，我们可能认识一个人十年了但是还对他所知甚少，“because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise”因为我们获取信息的方式通常是不准确的，B项是对imprecise的同义转述。

第10题：

The process of perceiving others is rarely translated(to ourselves or others) into cold,objective terms．"She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt．" More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations,abilities, ideas, and characters． Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly--perhaps with a two-second glance．
We try to obtain information about others in many ways． Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others; who are known to you so you can compare the observed person's behavior with the known others' behavior, observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for,deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the person's responses to specific stimuli, asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person about himor her, and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person--question, self-disclosures, and so on．
Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly
changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise． You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him． If we accept the idea that we won't ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions． It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior． Ironically, those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e． g． secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of a satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e． g． disclosures and truthful statement)．
Some people are often surprised by what other people do． According to Berger, that is mainly because__________．

A.some people are more emotional than others
B.some people are not aware of the fact that we will never completely know another person
C.some people are sensitive enough to sense the change of other people's attitudes
D.some people choose to keep to themselves

答案：B

解析：

结合第二段和第三段内容可知，有一些人总是为他人的所作所为吃惊，这是因为他们没有意识到我们永远不可能完全了解一个人。

Whenever you make an overly general statement about another person or about yourself,you are likely to be distorting the facts and conveying very little useful information.This is because most genera

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