资料：The federal government on Wednesday recommended an endangered-species listing for the loggerhead turtles in U.S. Waters, a decision that could lead to tighter restrictions on fishing and other mar

On a five to three vote,the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration.But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v.United States,the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law.The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to“establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial.Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy,joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals,ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun.On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately“occupied the field”and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as“a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”.The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.In effect,the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government,and control of citizenship and the borders is among them.But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status,it could.It never did so.The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes,no state should be allowed to do so either.Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.
Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they

A.deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.
B.disturbed the power balance between different states.
C.overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.
D.contradicted both the federal and state policies.

资料：The federal government on Wednesday recommended an endangered-species listing for the loggerhead turtles in U.S. Waters, a decision that could lead to tighter restrictions on fishing and other maritime trades.Environmental groups who’ d been pushing an endangered listing said the proposal was a “turning point”they hope will lead to greater turtle protections.
“I think it’ s huge day for loggerhead sea turtles, ”said Beth Riff, a marine wildlife scientist at Oceana.“it really draws attention to the fact these turtles are not doing well and more needs to be done to protect them.”With all that attention to paid to them, you’d think these creatures would at least have the gratitude not to go extinct, but Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness.No one really knows how many loggerhead there are, or how many are being killed by fishing gear or other activities. Riff cites a 40 percent drop in the number of nesting females in Florida over the last decade as evidence of trouble.
Loggerheads are named for their large heads, which contain potent jaws that can crush the hard shells of prey such as conch. The turtles are about the size of a fist when they hatch and make a frenzied dash to the surf. But they typically grow to more than three feet in length and 250 pounds. The animal can log thousands of miles as it travels across oceans.
Barbara Schoder，national sea turtle coordinator for NOAA’s fisheries division, said the biggest threats to the North Pacific loggerhead include damage to primary nesting sites, which are mainly in Japan，as well as accidental snaring of the turtles in fishing gear. Andrea Tee of San Francisco-based Center for Biological Diversity said the turtles get hooked by Hawaiian longline fishermen targeting swordfish and tuna and can be injured or drowned. On the East Coast, the main threat to turtles is gear from the region’s various fishenes Schoder said.
A primary benefit of the endangered status would be increased public pressure on protecting the species, Riff said. But the government would also have to determine“critical habitats，”such as where the turtles reproduce or forage. Such places could be subject to additional protections for the turtles, including restrictions on maritime development or fishing.
Like every other environmental issue today, this is playing out against the background of global warming and human interference with natural ecosystems, The narrow strips of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are being squeezed on one side by development and on the other by threat of rising sea levels as the oceans warm. Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as well, or a creature that outlived the dinosaurs will meet its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendants to wonder how creature so ugly could have won so much affection.

How does global warming affect the survival of turtles?

A.It threatens the sandy beaches on which sea turtles lay eggs
B.The rising climate makes it difficult for their eggs to hatch
C.The rising sea levels make it harder for their hatchlings to grow
D.It takes them longer to adapt to the high temperature in the beach

资料：The federal government on Wednesday recommended an endangered-species listing for the loggerhead turtles in U.S. Waters, a decision that could lead to tighter restrictions on fishing and other maritime trades.Environmental groups who’ d been pushing an endangered listing said the proposal was a “turning point”they hope will lead to greater turtle protections.
“I think it’ s huge day for loggerhead sea turtles, ”said Beth Riff, a marine wildlife scientist at Oceana.“it really draws attention to the fact these turtles are not doing well and more needs to be done to protect them.”With all that attention to paid to them, you’d think these creatures would at least have the gratitude not to go extinct, but Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness.No one really knows how many loggerhead there are, or how many are being killed by fishing gear or other activities. Riff cites a 40 percent drop in the number of nesting females in Florida over the last decade as evidence of trouble.
Loggerheads are named for their large heads, which contain potent jaws that can crush the hard shells of prey such as conch. The turtles are about the size of a fist when they hatch and make a frenzied dash to the surf. But they typically grow to more than three feet in length and 250 pounds. The animal can log thousands of miles as it travels across oceans.
Barbara Schoder，national sea turtle coordinator for NOAA’s fisheries division, said the biggest threats to the North Pacific loggerhead include damage to primary nesting sites, which are mainly in Japan，as well as accidental snaring of the turtles in fishing gear. Andrea Tee of San Francisco-based Center for Biological Diversity said the turtles get hooked by Hawaiian longline fishermen targeting swordfish and tuna and can be injured or drowned. On the East Coast, the main threat to turtles is gear from the region’s various fishenes Schoder said.
A primary benefit of the endangered status would be increased public pressure on protecting the species, Riff said. But the government would also have to determine“critical habitats，”such as where the turtles reproduce or forage. Such places could be subject to additional protections for the turtles, including restrictions on maritime development or fishing.
Like every other environmental issue today, this is playing out against the background of global warming and human interference with natural ecosystems, The narrow strips of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are being squeezed on one side by development and on the other by threat of rising sea levels as the oceans warm. Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as well, or a creature that outlived the dinosaurs will meet its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendants to wonder how creature so ugly could have won so much affection.

What does the author mean by “nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness”（ ）.

A.Nature is quite fair regarding the survival of turtles
B.Turtles are by nature indifferent to human activities
C.Course of nature will not be changed by human interference
D.The turtle population has decreased in spite of human protection

The index is the government's chief gauge of future economic activity.

A:measure
B:opinion
C:evaluation
D:decision

资料：The federal government on Wednesday recommended an endangered-species listing for the loggerhead turtles in U.S. Waters, a decision that could lead to tighter restrictions on fishing and other maritime trades.Environmental groups who’ d been pushing an endangered listing said the proposal was a “turning point”they hope will lead to greater turtle protections.
“I think it’ s huge day for loggerhead sea turtles, ”said Beth Riff, a marine wildlife scientist at Oceana.“it really draws attention to the fact these turtles are not doing well and more needs to be done to protect them.”With all that attention to paid to them, you’d think these creatures would at least have the gratitude not to go extinct, but Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness.No one really knows how many loggerhead there are, or how many are being killed by fishing gear or other activities. Riff cites a 40 percent drop in the number of nesting females in Florida over the last decade as evidence of trouble.
Loggerheads are named for their large heads, which contain potent jaws that can crush the hard shells of prey such as conch. The turtles are about the size of a fist when they hatch and make a frenzied dash to the surf. But they typically grow to more than three feet in length and 250 pounds. The animal can log thousands of miles as it travels across oceans.
Barbara Schoder，national sea turtle coordinator for NOAA’s fisheries division, said the biggest threats to the North Pacific loggerhead include damage to primary nesting sites, which are mainly in Japan，as well as accidental snaring of the turtles in fishing gear. Andrea Tee of San Francisco-based Center for Biological Diversity said the turtles get hooked by Hawaiian longline fishermen targeting swordfish and tuna and can be injured or drowned. On the East Coast, the main threat to turtles is gear from the region’s various fishenes Schoder said.
A primary benefit of the endangered status would be increased public pressure on protecting the species, Riff said. But the government would also have to determine“critical habitats，”such as where the turtles reproduce or forage. Such places could be subject to additional protections for the turtles, including restrictions on maritime development or fishing.
Like every other environmental issue today, this is playing out against the background of global warming and human interference with natural ecosystems, The narrow strips of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are being squeezed on one side by development and on the other by threat of rising sea levels as the oceans warm. Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as well, or a creature that outlived the dinosaurs will meet its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendants to wonder how creature so ugly could have won so much affection.

What constitutes a major threat to the survival of turtles on the east coast?（ ）

A.Contamination of sea water
B.The inadequate food supply
C.Their lower reproductive ability
D.Unregulated commercial fishing

共用题干
The United States is a federal union of 50 states.The capital of national government is in Washington,D.C.The federal constitution sets up the structures of the national government and lists its powers and activities.The constitution gives Congress the authority to make laws which are necessary for the common defense and the good of the nation.It also gives the federal government the power to deal with national and international problems that involve more than one state._________(46)
_________(47)The legislative branch makes the laws;the executive branch carries out the laws;and the judicial branch interprets the laws.The President heads the executive branch and the Supreme Court heads the judicial branch.The legislative branch includes both houses of Congress一 the Senate and the House of Representatives._________(48)For example,Congress can pass a law; the President may sign it. Nevertheless,the Supreme Court can declare the law unconstitutional and nullify（取消）it.
__________(49)The President and the members of the Congress are elected directly.But the heads of federal departments and Supreme Court judges are appointed by the President. Every citizen votes in secret.__________(50)The people believe that their government should provide a framework of law and order within which they are left free to run their own lives.

_________（46）
A:The election of government takes place every four years.
B:The federal government has three branches:the executive,the legislative,and the judicial.
C: All the powers that are not given to the federal government by the constitution are the responsibility of the individual states.
D:The United States government is based on the principle of federalism,in which power is shared between the federal government and state governments.
E:Consequently,no one knows for sure whether his neighbor actually votes for or against a particular candidate.
F:The constitution limits the powers of each branch and prevents one branch from gaining too much power.