问题:问答题Passage 2The Ant Society Described as a “six-legged lliad”, Wilson’s Anthill draws parallels between human and ant societies. Though there are no ant symphony orchestras, secret police, or schools of philosophy, both ants and men conduct wars, divide into specialized castes of workers, build cities, maintain infant nurseries and cemeteries, take slaves, practice agriculture, and indulge in occasional cannibalism, though ant societies are more energetic, altruistic, and efficient than human ones. (The New York Review of Books) A “Go to the ant, thou sluggard” says the Bible. “Consider her ways, and be wise.” The book of Proverbs, chapter six, says that the industrious legions of ants, which have now colonized every continent on earth, except Antarctica, have “no guide, overseer, or ruler”. B In fact, the good book got ants all wrong. Ant societies are rigidly stratified and usually ruled by queens. The little creatures are constantly guided by their scent trails and other chemical signals, not to mention their genes. Nobody has done more to reveal the true nature of the “super organisms” that ant societies comprise than Edward Wilson, a Harvard biologist, campaigning green, two-time Pulitzer prize-winning author, pioneer of sociobiology, and now, at the age of 80, also a debut novelist. C One part of Anthill, by the world’s leading myrmecologist, demonstrates that in Mr. Wilson ants have found not only their Darwin but also their Homer. Midway through the novel, and comprising a fifth of the whole, is a self-contained novella, “The Anthill Chronicles”, which purports to be an undergraduate biology thesis by the protagonist of Anthill, about the rise and fall of four ant colonies in a tract of forest in southern Alabama. Happily for the reader, these chronicles bear no resemblance to student reports, though most of the details of life among the six-legged will be familiar to fans of Mr. Wilson’s entomological writings. The “thesis”, we are told, has been lightly edited by two professors to present the story “as near as possible to the way ants see such events themselves”. D The success of this novella-within-a-novel derives from the fact that Mr. Wilson has no need to resort to the Hollywood method of anthropomorphizing his ants, as two popular animated features-Antz and A Bug’s Life—did in 1998. There are no individual perspectives in The Anthill Chronicles: no lovers, no personalities, no neuroses, and no selves. The only heroes are the ant colonies themselves, and they are as engaging and at least as memorable as most two legged Hollywood creations. E Mr. Wilson’s mini-epic begins with the demise of the queen of the Trailhead Colony, whose death is not at first noticed by her daughter-followers. While her body rots encased in its external skeleton, her lingering scent misleadingly tells the colony that all is still well. F The neighboring Streamside Colony wipes out the Trailheaders, and then it self falls victim to a “super colony”, comprising millions of workers and thousands of queens, which rose to power thanks to a single-gene mutation that weakens their sensitivity to queen-odors, and thus permits them to tolerate multiple simultaneous queens. Growing out of control, the super colony in effect eats up its own territory and is exterminated by “the moving tree trunks, the ant gods”—i.e., humans spraying insecticide. This leaves room for the tiny Woodland Colony to expand its territory and thrive, and so the epic struggle continues, as it has for thousands of years. G The tale within a tale is an astonishing literary achievement; nobody but Mr. Wilson could have written it, and those who read it will tread lightly in the forest, at least for a while. Yet Mr. Wilson wants his audience to do more than that. The novel as a whole is mainly about people, and an author’s prologue—echoing the theme of some of Mr. Wilson’s earlier work—warns of further disaster if this wayward species does not start to take better care of its biosphere, the planet. H The hero of Anthill is Raft Cody, an Alabaman youngster who follows up his biology studies with a stint at Harvard law school, with the express purpose of returning equipped to save his beloved patch of forest from rapacious property developers. This character owes something to Mr. Wilson’s own background, and so does the story’s narrator, Raff’s biology professor. It’s one of the few defects in the novel that Mr. Wilson hasn’t quite decided which of the pair is him. I Raft’s early adventures in the swamps owe something to Huck Finn’s; and the novel’s denouement, with a monstrously eccentric woodsman and some implausible Fundamentalist villains, recalls the Florida black comedies of Carl Hiaasen, only without the laughs. One can’t help rooting for the ants. Thanks to the depth of Mr. Wilson’s understanding of them, his evocation of their ways is a more powerful tool for raising ecological awareness than any Disneyfication is likely to be. This passage has nine paragraphs, A-I. Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet. NB You may use any letter more than once. 1. fierce struggle of the ant world 2. comparison of the book with biology paper 3. the real theme of the novel 4. the hierarchical system of the ant society 5. the weakness that existed in the book 6. particular feature of Anthill in contrasted with Hollywood products
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问题:问答题What subject do you like?
问题:问答题Practice 4 You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic: As global trade increases, many goods, even some daily goods, are exported to another country, which includes long-distance transport during shipping. Do you think its benefits outweigh its drawbacks? You should write at least 250 words.
问题:问答题What do you think of art education in the kindergartens?
问题:问答题Do you often go to art galleries?
问题:问答题Practice 2You had a small fire in your room. Write a letter to your landlord Mr. Smiths, and tell him:(1) The situation of what has happened.(2) What property you have lost.(3) The recommendations you provide.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address.
问题:问答题Practice 2 You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic: In countries where there is a high rate of unemployment, most pupils should be offered only primary education. However, others believe that higher education helps people find jobs. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion. You should write at least 250 words.
问题:问答题Tell me about the first day you went to the university.
问题:问答题What is famous about your hometown?
问题:问答题Passage 3Fermented Foods for Babies Malnutrition during weaning age-when breast milk is being replaced by semi-solid foods-is highly prevalent in children of poor households in many developing countries. While the etiology is complex and multifactorial, the immediate causes are recognized as feeding at less than adequate levels for children’s growth and development, and recurrent infections, including diarrhea, resulting mainly from ingestion of contaminated foods. As a result, many young children, particularly between six months to two years of age, experience weight loss and impaired growth and development. Studies by investigators in various countries have concentrated on traditional food preparation methods and have resulted in offering cheap and practical answers to these problems based on familiar, indigenous and culturally acceptable home processing practices. Two such answers have arisen. Firstly, cereal fermentation is used for reducing the risk of contamination under the existing inappropriate conditions for food preparation and storage in many households. Secondly, a tiny amount of sprouted grains flour is used in preparation of weaning foods as a magic way to lessen the viscosity without decreasing energy density. A method to eliminate pathogenic bacteria and inhibit their growth during storage of weaning preparations can benefit nutrition and health in young children considerably. Use of fermented foods for feeding children of weaning age appears to be an effective solution. Fermented foods have lower levels of diarrhoeal germ contamination, they are suitable for child feeding, and can be safely stored for much longer periods of time than fresh foods. The practice has been a traditional way of food preservation in many parts of the world. The anti-microbial properties of fermented foods and their relative higher safety-documented since the early 1900’s-have been indicated in a number of studies. In Ghana, it is common to ferment maize dough before cooking it as porridge. In Kenya, cereal-based porridge and milk are traditionally fermented. Preserving milk in the form of yoghurt has been known to many households living in hot climates. What are the underlying mechanisms by which fermentation processes help to prevent or reduce contamination? A possible answer suggests that during the fermentation process foods become more acid. This explains why diarrhoea-causing bacteria are not able to grow in fermented foods as rapidly as in unfermented ones. It is also hypothesized that some of the germs present in the foods are killed or inhibited from growing through the action of anti-microbial substances produced during fermentation (Dialogue on Diarrhoea, 1990). The fermented foods can, therefore, be kept for a longer time compared to fresh ones. It has been shown that while contamination levels in cooked unfermented foods increase with storage time, fermented foods remain less contaminated. Whatever the underlying mechanisms, the fact is that the exercise reduces contamination without adding to the household cost both in terms of time and money. Its preparation is easy. The cereal flour is mixed with water to form a dough which is left to be fermented; addition of yeast, or mixing with a small portion of previously fermented dough is sometimes needed. The dough can then be cooked into porridge for feeding to the child. Although beneficial, unfortunately the practice is going out of fashion, partly because of current emphasis on the use of fresh foods, particularly for children. For example, a study on the use of fermented foods for young children in Kenya (Dialogue on Diarrhoea, 1990), demonstrated that while foods are still frequently fermented at home for child feeding, their use is becoming less popular, particularly in urban areas where commercial products are more available. Clearly they now need to be promoted. Complete the summary with the list of words A-N below. Write your answers in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet. Malnutrition and the resulting impaired growth and development in children of weaning age in developing countries result not only from 1______ but also from infections caused by 2______. Studies have addressed the problem of inadequate intake by using sprouted grains in food preparation. Contamination has been tackled with 3______. Both of these methods are, or were, used traditionally and are practical and inexpensive. Fermented foods have higher 4______ and also have anti-microbial qualities. This means that contamination is decreased and that their 5______ is increased. Fermentation occurs when 6______ is left to stand, occasionally with simple additives. There is, however, a trend away from this 7______ to commercial products.A. porridge H. storage lifeB. malnutrition I. sprouted grainsC. fermentation J. inadequate food intakeD. new technology K. acidityE. contaminated food L. unfermented foodF. diarrhoeal germs M. weaningG. traditional food N. dough
问题:问答题What family activities are popular in your city?
问题:问答题PART 3Discussion topics: Film What kind of films do you like?
问题:问答题Practice 4 You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic: Money for postgraduate research is limited. Therefore some people think that financial support from governments should only be provided for scientific research rather than research for less useful subjects. Do you agree or disagree? You should write at least 250 words.
问题:问答题Practice 7 You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic: Most countries want to improve standard of living through economic development; however, others think social value is lost as a result. Do you think the advantages of economic development outweigh the disadvantages? You should write at least 250 words.
问题:问答题What are the benefits of working alone?
问题:问答题题目要求:The examiner asks the candidate about him/herself, his/her home, work or studies and other familiar topics.【参考范例一】Ages When do people usually get married in your country?
问题:问答题Practice 6 You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic: An increase in production of consumer goods results in damage of the natural environment, what are the causes and possible solutions? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Write at least 250 words.
问题:问答题Practice 3 You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic: Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, natural gas, are used in many countries. But in some countries, the use of alternative sources of energy, including wind and solar power, are encouraged. Is this trend a positive or a negative development? You should write at least 250 words.
问题:问答题Practice 2 You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic: Some people think that the detailed criminal description on newspaper and TV has bad influences, so this kind of information should be restricted on the media. To what extent do you agree or disagree? You should write at least 250 words.
问题:问答题【参考范例五】Color What colour do you like? Why?