第4题：
问答题
请用所报考语种就所给题目写出一篇400～600字的导游解说词。要求语言规范，表达得体，内容切题，条理清楚，有一定的思想深度，符合导游语言要求，能反映昆区的艺术特点及其在中华传统文化中的地位。 题目：昆曲
正确答案：
【参考范文】
Kunqu Opera (1)Kunqu Opera is one of the oldest operas in China, and it is also one of the treasures of Chinese traditional culture and art. In 2001, UNESCO proclaimed Kunqu Opera as a masterpiece of “the oral and intangible heritage of humanity.”
(2)Kunqu Opera, also called Kunshanqiang, is said to be the mother of all Chinese operas. Its beginnings can be traced back to the late Yuan Dynasty in the lower Yangtze Valley. Among the earliest genres of drama, the traditional performing art was named for its birthplace, Kunshan, a place near the city of Suzhou, which is in today’s Jiangsu Province of East China. The development of Kunqu Opera went through several stages. In the early days, the songs were composed of long and short lines. The singer sang solo, and the orchestra came in at the end of each line. Only percussion instruments were used in the course. In the Ming Dynasty, Kunqu Opera was reformed by Wei Liangfu during the reign of Emperor Jiajing, and it became mild, smooth, and graceful. The performers attached great importance to clear recitation, correct singing, and pure tunes. Meanwhile, the composers wrote the musical scores after working out the tunes, and the songs were written in seven-character or ten-character lines. Moreover, three types of musical instruments formed the accompaniment, including stringed instruments, bamboo flutes, and drums and clappers. In addition, the jing and chou roles were no longer those exclusively portraying foolish, awkward, or stingy people.
(3)Kunqu Opera is acknowledged as an elegant opera in terms of music, recitation, and the performers’ movement. It is foremost acclaimed as “watermill song” because of its soft arias and the graceful movement of its performers. Carrying forward the tradition of ancient poetry and common speech, the art is also of very high literary value. Kunqu has its own distinctive tunes. The orchestra consists of traditional instruments, including the dizi, which is a horizontal bamboo flute which plays the lead part, the xiao, which is a vertical bamboo flute, the sheng, which is a mouth organ, and the pipa, a plucked string instrument with a fretted finger board. With the long-term development of performing operas, simultaneous singing and dancing becomes a feature of Kunqu Opera, especially illustrated by body movements. Body movements in Kunqu Opera can be categorized into two types. The first type is one including exaggerated postures when speaking and dancing movements which are developed from gestures that emphasize on telling stories. The other is lyrical dancing with lyrics which is to show the quality of characters and the meaning of operas. Many Chinese local operas are greatly influenced by its tunes and acting style.
(4)Kunqu Opera, which has been acknowledged as an elite opera, has suffered some of a decline since the eighteenth century because of its requirement of a high level of technical knowledge from the audience. Today, due to the competition from mass culture and a lack of interest amongst the young, Kunqu Opera is facing the risk of disappearance. Of the 400 arias regularly sung in opera performances in the mid-20th century, only a few dozen continue to be performed.
【行文点评】
(1)第一段介绍昆曲是中国最古老的戏曲之一,也是中国传统文化艺术的瑰宝之一,2001年,联合国教科文组织宣布昆曲为“人类口述和非物质遗产代表作”。
(2)第二段介绍昆曲的发展历史,昆曲是中国戏剧之母,又称昆山腔,起源可以追溯到元代晚期长江流域下游地区,昆曲的发展经历了几个阶段。
(3)第三段介绍昆曲的文化价值主要表现在剧本、音乐和表演三个方面。昆曲继承了古诗和俗语的传统,有很高的艺术和文学价值。昆曲有自己独特的曲调,乐队由传统乐器组成,包括笛子,萧,笙和琵琶。随着昆曲的发展,歌舞并举成为昆剧的一大特色,尤其是肢体动作,昆曲的肢体动作主要可以分为两种类型
(4)文章最后一段昆曲正在面临消失的危险,昆曲要求观众具有高水平的鉴赏知识,并且昆曲正面临着来自大众文化的竞争,目前,只有少数曲目得以继续传唱。
解析：
暂无解析
