I was out of town at the time, so I don’t know exactly how it _______.
A. was happening B. happened C. happens D. has happened
B
Spending two or three hours playing outdoors each day can reduce a child’s chance of becoming short-sighted, a research shows. It challenges (挑战) the belief that short- sightedness is caused by computer use, watching TV or reading in weak light.
The Australian government researchers believe that sunlight is good for people’s eyes. They compared the vision(视力) and habits of 100 seven-year-old children in Singapore and Australia. In all, 30% of the Singaporean children were short-sighted--this rate(比率) was ten times higher than Australian children.
Both groups spent a similar amount of time reading, watching television and playing computer games. However, the Australian children spent an average(平均) of two hours a day outdoors—90 minutes more than the Singaporean children.
Professor(教授) Ian Morgan, from the Australian Research Council’s Vision Centre, said, “Humans are naturally long-sighted, but when people begin to go to school and spend little or no time outdoors, the number of short-sighted people gets larger. We’re also seeing more and more short-sighted children in cities all around the world—and the main reason may be that city children spend less time outdoors. “
Daylight can be hundreds of times brighter than indoor light. But why does playing outside prevent us from becoming short-sighted? Scientists believe that natural light has a special chemical(化学物质) which stops the eyeball from growing out of shape and prevents people becoming short-sighted.
So be outdoors. It doesn’t matter if that time is spent having a picnic or playing sports.
24. How much time did the Singaporean children spend outdoors on average every day in the research?
A. 2 hours. B. 90 minutes. C. 1 hour. D. 30 minutes.
Nobody knows ___________ how many people are to blame for the coal－mine accident, so the government is trying to find out the whole truth about the accident.
A. inwardly
B. honestly
C. cleverly
D. precisely
听力原文：M: So, Jane, how long have you been an author?
W: Well, Tom, I didn't start writing until I was in my thirtieth, and I'm over seventy now. So goodness, I must have been writing for about forty years.
How long has the woman been an author?
A．About 30 years.
B．About 40 years.
C．About 60 years.
D．About 70 years.
正确答案：B
解析：数字计算题。文中出现3个数字，30岁开始写作，现在70岁，所以共写了40年。
Text 2 To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,“all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.”One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal. For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied,“Then I would have to say yes.”Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said,“Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.”Such well-meaning people just don's understand. Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could“adopt”middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.
第46题：The author begins his article with Edmund Burke\'s words to
A. call on scientists to take some actions.
B. criticize the misguided cause of animal rights.
C. warn of the doom of biomedical research.
D. show the triumph of the animal rights movement.
2022年辽宁冶金职工大学自考英语（二）练习题汇总（附答案解析）第1题【单选题】The Group of Eight_ the eight richest countries in the world. A、consists by B、consists of C、is consisted by D、is consisted of【正确答案】B【答案解析】consist of意为由组成由构成，consist无被动式。第2题【单选题】【填句补文】Though little research has been carried out about how exactly the sunspot will negatively harm the health of the people. _. So, scientists warn that people going outdoors should be careful to protect their exposed skin and eyes with clothes, umbrellas and sunglasses from the strong sunlight rich in ultraviolet rays. A、Ionosphere is high above the earth. B、If the lights in your house keep flickering, blame frequent sunspots. C、According to a research conducted by the Russian scientists from 1957 to 1960, the frequency of earthquakes can be linked to the movement of the sunspots. D、A paper published by a North Korea observatory says that sun storms may cause an increase in the incidence of heart disease and skin disease.【正确答案】D【答案解析】这一段说的是太阳黑子对人类健康的影响。填入的内容也应该与健康有关，空格后一句说到要保护皮肤。因此D是正确的。第3题【单选题】【完成句子】Did you know that before 1950, hurricanes had no names? They were simply given numbers. The first names were simply Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, etc. but in 1953, females names were given because of the unpredictability（不可预知）factor of the storms. In 1979, realizing the sexist（性别歧视的）nature of such names, the lists were expanded to include both men and women.The main consideration of using males and females names for hurricanes is _. A、the timely（及时的）discovery B、its uncertainty C、sex equality D、its connection with humans【正确答案】C【答案解析】依靠原文（利用（male, female）names作为答案线索词）中最后一句判断答案为C（与性别有关）。第4题【单选题】【2010.04】In order to follow fashions, the girl has to _ great discomforts. A、catch up with B、put up with C、keep up with D、fall in with【正确答案】B【答案解析】【译文】为了跟随时尚，这个女孩不得不忍受极度地不舒适。【试题分析】本题考查短语辨析。put up with：忍受。catch up with：追上，赶上。keep up with：和.保持联系。fall in with：偶然遇到，赞同。第5题【单选题】【填句补文】Many beginning interviewers are afraid that they are forcing the other person to answer questions and have no right to inquire about his personal secrets. _. Unless the person really hates being interviewed, he is delighted that somebody wants to interview him. A、This fear is almost 100 percent unnecessary. B、This doesnt necessarily mean that it will go well. C、Most men and women lead lives that are uninteresting. D、Both of you need time to get to know each other.【正确答案】A【答案解析】抓住关键词进行同义替换，也就是afraid，选项中this fear就是对这种担心的补充，这种担心是完全没有必要的，除非被采访者确实是讨厌别人问自己。第6题【单选题】【2009.01】If you try to learn too many things at a time, you may get_. A、concentrated B、confused C、confirmed D、convinced【正确答案】B【答案解析】本题考查形近形容词意义区分。句意：如果你试图一次学太多东西，你就有可能糊涂了。A .浓缩的，专心的；B 糊涂的，混淆的；C 根深蒂固的；D 确信的。第7题【单选题】【2009.10】_ he has 、many friends, he is often feeling lonely. A、As B、When C、While D、Since【正确答案】C【答案解析】本题考查状语从句的从属连词。【译文】 尽管（虽然）他有许多朋友，但他常常感到孤独。第8题【单选题】【阅读选择】Calorie restriction dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms and rodents. Whether this works in humans is still unknown partly because 、few people are willing to submit to such a strict diet.According to the passage, we do not know whether humans will benefit from taking in fewer calories partly because_. A、humans, worms and rodents are different. B、most people are not willing to be put on a strict diet. C、the effect is not known. D
Even though there has been a () with child prodigies for centuries, there has been little serious study of them until recently.
A.facility
B.fascination
C.faculty
D.assassination
正确答案：B
解析：句子的意思是：尽管几百年来人们一直对神童们很________，认真的研究他们只是近来的事情。Facility, 容易，便捷;(facilities)设施，装备，机构;fascination, 迷恋，神魂颠倒;faculty, (大学)教职员;assassination, 暗杀。
Directions: Write an essay of about 120 words on the Mental Health of Young People. Your composition should be based on the Outline given in Chinese below:1.年纪人自杀的行为越来越多。2.他们自杀的原因。3.我们应该采取的措施。
参考答案：Suicide among older people is on the rise.ccording to a study attempted suicide behavior. of young people, mostly impulse suicides among them, 37% of suicide attempters considering the time not more than 5 minutes before the suicide, considering the time is not more than two hours of suicide according to statistics, 60% of suicide by family relationships with bad feelings of the entrance of the dispensary suddenly the setback will become the reason of suicide among them, such as family disputes in the first place, the first reason to become the leading cause of suicide in addition due to emotional disputes the proportion of suicide are also on the rise.
How can we effectively prevent suicide among young people.First of all, death is not a day or two can be formed, so for parents, should be nurtured from an early age children open-minded character, to learn to face difficulties and setbacks, to let the child realize that difficulties and setbacks are not terrible, as long as we deal with it can be solved.Secondly, parents and social groups should respect children's self-esteem and self-confidence, let children participate in some public welfare activities, in the public welfare activities to feel love and happiness in life, learn to get along well with others, be kind to others.Finally, for some young people to prevent the role of the work unit is very big, each work unit should set up a youth psychological counseling center, actively carry out some public welfare, recreational activities, to promote the psychological development of young workers.
请阅读短文。
Do who choose to go on exotic, far-flung holidays deserve free health advice before they travel? And even if they pay, who ensures that they get good, up-to-date information? Who, for that matter, should collect that information in the first place? For a variety of reasons, travel medicine in Britain is a responsibility nobody wants. As a result, many travellers go abroad prepared to avoid serious disease.
Why is travel medicine so unloved? Partly there's an identity problem. Because it takes an interest in anything that impinges on the health of travellers, this emerging medical specialism invariably cuts across the traditional disciplines. It delves into everything from seasickness, jet lag and the hazards of camels to malaria and plague. But travel medicine has a more serious obstacle to overcome. Travel clinics are meant to tell people how to avoid ending up dead or in a hospital when they come home, but it is notoriously difficult to get anybody pay out money for keeping people healthy.
Travel medicine has also been colonized by commercial interests; the vast majority of travel clinics in Britain are run by airlines or travel companies. And while travel concerns are happy to sell profitable injections, they may be less keen to spread bad news about travellers' diarrhea in Turkey, or to take time to spell out preventive measures travellers could take."The NHS finds it difficult to define travellers' health, says Ron Behrens, the only NHS consultant in travel and director of the travel clinic of the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in London." Should it come within the NHS or should it be paid for? It's Gary area, and opinion is spilt. No one seems to have any responsibility for defining its role, he says.
To compound its low status in the medical hierarchy, travel medicine has to rely on statistics that are patchy at best. In most cases we just don't know how many Britons contract diseases when abroad. And even if a disease linked to travel there is rarely any information about where those afflicted went, what they are, how they behaved, or which vaccinations they had. This shortage of hard facts and figures makes it difficult to give detailed advice to people, information that might even save their lives.
A recent leader in British Medical Journal argued. "Travel medicine will emerge as credible disciplines only if the risks encountered by travellers and the relative benefits of public health interventions are well defined in terms of their relative occurrence, distribution and control. Exactly how much money is wasted by poor travel advice. The real figure is anybody's guess, but it could easily- run into millions. Behrens gives one example. Britain spends more than 1 million each year just on cholera vaccines that often don't work and so give people a false sense of security."Information on the prevention and treatment of all forms of diarrhea would be a better priority, he salts.
Which of the following statement is not the problem of travel medicine?
查看材料
A．Traditional disciplines are not enough for travel medicine.
B．Travel medicine has been colonized by commercial interests.
C．The statistics about travellers are hard to obtain.
D．People spend much money on poor travel advice.
答案：D
解析：
文章第二段提到“…this emerging medical specialism invariably cuts across the traditional disciplines．”因此A项符合文意；根据第三段首句可知，B项符合文意；而C项表述与第四段段意一致，也属于旅行医疗面临的问题；D项“人们将钱花在可怜的旅行建议上”，与旅行医疗没有直接联系，并非旅行医疗面临的问题。
请阅读短文。
Do who choose to go on exotic, far-flung holidays deserve free health advice before they travel? And even if they pay, who ensures that they get good, up-to-date information? Who, for that matter, should collect that information in the first place? For a variety of reasons, travel medicine in Britain is a responsibility nobody wants. As a result, many travellers go abroad prepared to avoid serious disease.
Why is travel medicine so unloved? Partly there's an identity problem. Because it takes an interest in anything that impinges on the health of travellers, this emerging medical specialism invariably cuts across the traditional disciplines. It delves into everything from seasickness, jet lag and the hazards of camels to malaria and plague. But travel medicine has a more serious obstacle to overcome. Travel clinics are meant to tell people how to avoid ending up dead or in a hospital when they come home, but it is notoriously difficult to get anybody pay out money for keeping people healthy.
Travel medicine has also been colonized by commercial interests; the vast majority of travel clinics in Britain are run by airlines or travel companies. And while travel concerns are happy to sell profitable injections, they may be less keen to spread bad news about travellers' diarrhea in Turkey, or to take time to spell out preventive measures travellers could take."The NHS finds it difficult to define travellers' health, says Ron Behrens, the only NHS consultant in travel and director of the travel clinic of the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in London." Should it come within the NHS or should it be paid for? It's Gary area, and opinion is spilt. No one seems to have any responsibility for defining its role, he says.
To compound its low status in the medical hierarchy, travel medicine has to rely on statistics that are patchy at best. In most cases we just don't know how many Britons contract diseases when abroad. And even if a disease linked to travel there is rarely any information about where those afflicted went, what they are, how they behaved, or which vaccinations they had. This shortage of hard facts and figures makes it difficult to give detailed advice to people, information that might even save their lives.
A recent leader in British Medical Journal argued. "Travel medicine will emerge as credible disciplines only if the risks encountered by travellers and the relative benefits of public health interventions are well defined in terms of their relative occurrence, distribution and control. Exactly how much money is wasted by poor travel advice. The real figure is anybody's guess, but it could easily- run into millions. Behrens gives one example. Britain spends more than 1 million each year just on cholera vaccines that often don't work and so give people a false sense of security."Information on the prevention and treatment of all forms of diarrhea would be a better priority, he salts.
What can we infer frown the first paragraph?
查看材料
A．Travel medicine is hard to prevail.
B．People know little about travel medicine.
C．People don't believe in travel medicine.
D．Travellers can seldom get up-to-date information.
答案：A
解析：
文章第一段讲到，因为种种原因，在英国，旅游医疗是没有人愿意承担的责任。于是，许多旅游者在出门前都得仔细贮备一些药品以防旅途中出现疾病困扰。由此可推知，旅行医疗很难盛行起来。
共用题干
第三篇
Animal Testing Controversy
To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,"All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research.Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates,whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding,and few people understand the process of health care research.Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings,many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.
For example,a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is animals一no meat,no fur,no medicines.Asked if she opposed immunizations,she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research.When assured that they do,she replied,"Then I would have to say yes."Asked what will happen when epidemics return,she said,"Don't worry,scientists will find some way of using computers."Such well-meaning people just don't understand.
Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate,understandable way一in human terms,not in the language of molecular biology.We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement,a father's bypass operation,a baby's vaccinations,and even a pet's shots.To those who are unaware that animal research was nee-- ded to produce these treatments,as well as new treatments and vaccines,animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.
Much can be done.Scientists could"adopt"middle school classes and present their own re-search.They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor,lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.Research institutions could be opened to tours,to show that laboratory animals receive humane care.Finally,because the ultimate stakeholders are patients,the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper,who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research,but all who receive medical treatment.If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.
The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words to________.
A:call on scientists to take some actions
B:criticize the misguided cause of animal rights
C:warn of the doom of biomedical research
D:show the triumph of the animal rights movement
答案：A
解析：
第一段中间提到“Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates...”意思是科学家们需要采取行动回应这些动物权利的鼓吹者。这实际上就是一个呼吁，所以答案应该是A。
第一段最后一句说，被误导的人们“听到医学实验残忍对待动物的指控时，许多人都不明白为什么有人会故意伤害动物”。第二段举了被误导女士的例子，她反对用动物来做研究。第三段最后一句，这些人认为“动物实验说得好是浪费，说得不好是残忍”。A 内容不完整。inevitable：不可避免的；vicious：危险的，所以选项B正确。
该例子中，慈祥的妇人“encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is animals”，至于疫苗，如果来自动物她也抵制，认为流行病自有科学家们用计算机来解决。由此可见老人对科学的无知。第二段最后一句感叹“这些好心人根本就不明白”，所以答案为B。
根据关键词“challenge from animal rights advocates”以及“scientists should”, 可以在最后两段中找出作者向科学家们提出的建议都有助于他们与公众更好的交流。很明显选项A合理，选项B、C、D在文中没有提到，不正确。
最后一段“Finally,because the ultimate stakeholders are patients...Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research”。从这句话我们知道，Cooper是个名人，也是患者，他曾经高度赞扬过动物研究的价值。由此可以推断他是支持动物研究的，正确答案是D。
